The use of wood stoves for residential heating has been increasing over the past several years. This increased use of wood stoves has caused significant concern about increased air pollution. Development of improved emissions and efficiency measurement methods will allow the development of improved stoves. Room calorimetry is used as the standard for measuring the energy efficiency of stoves. Unfortunately, this method is expensive and few wood stove manufacturers can afford it. For this reason, flue loss methods which are generally less expensive are attractive. Flue loss methods measure either directly or indirectly the following instantaneous losses: 1. Sensible energy loss due to the flue gases being at a higher temperature than the ambient. 2. Chemical energy loss from incomplete combustion. 3. Latent energy loss due to water existing as a vapor in the flue gas. This loss is included since the higher heating value of wood is used. The instantaneous efficiency of the stove can then be determined from measurement of these three losses and the instantaneous energy input. This project is part of a larger project which has an overall objective to develop an accurate flue loss method. An accurate flue loss method is needed since many of the traditional flue loss methods have unknown accuracies. / Master of Science

One hundred and eighteen (118) Campylobacter strains were studied by DNA homology experiments and characterized phenotypically. These strains formed eleven (11) distinct DNA homology groups (species) corresponding to C. fetus, C. "hyointestinalis", C. jejuni, C. coli, C. laridis, C. nitrofigilis, C. sputorum, C. mucosalis, C. concisus, and two unnamed groups currently referred to as the aerotolerant campylobacters and the "catalase-negative or weak" (CNW) strains. For practical reasons, we propose retaining the subspecies fetus and venerealis designations for C. fetus. In addition, we propose that the subspecies sputorum and bubulus designations for C. sputorum be dropped and replaced with biovars sputorum, bubulus and fecalis, the latter biovar including the catalase-positive strains formerly known as C. “fecalis". Biotyping schemes are also presented for C. jejuni and C. coli. Growth at 25 and 42°C, sensitivity to nalidixic acid and cephalothin, growth in semisolid medium containing 1% glycine, 1% oxgall or 3.5% NaCl, growth in a semisolid minimal medium (MM), anaerobic growth in 0.1% trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), H₂S production in Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM) medium, or on triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slants, hippurate hydrolysis, aerobic growth on agar plates, a requirement for H₂ or formate for microaerophilic growth or H₂ or formate and fumarate for anaerobic growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity proved to be the most useful phenotypic characteristics for identifying these strains at the species, subspecies and biovar levels. / Ph. D.

The purposes of this study were to (a) explore the relationship between the nursing faculty member's perception of the climate for research and the research productivity of nursing faculty members; and (b) identify educational and administrative interventions possessing the potential for increasing research productivity. The questionnaire consisted of a modification of Likert’s <i>Profile of Organizational Characteristics</i> Form S, perceptions of the influence of organizational climate on research productivity, several aspects of institutional support, job-related data, and research productivity for the period June 1980-May 1983. Data were analyzed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. Descriptive statistics were compared for types of institutional support. Research productivity ranged from 0-40 research publications and presentations in the 3 year period. Twenty-five percent of the faculty produced 80 percent of the research. Almost half of the respondents did no research for the period studied. Organizational climate ranged from System 1 (Exploitative-Authoritative System) to System 4 (Participative Group) with the predominate climate being System 3 (Consultative System). Although faculty perceived components of organizational climate as affecting their research productivity, the finding revealed only a low positive correlation (.173, p <.05) between organizational climate and research productivity. The relationships (p <.05) between two other measures of climate (number of current facilitators and number of additional research knowledge needs) and research productivity were low (.252, -.162 respectively). No relationship was found between other climate measures (number of facilitators needing change and number of types of research training faculty desired) and research productivity. Faculty indicated that primarily monetary-related facilitators and rewards for research were most frequently available and that time-related and knowledge and skill-related facilitators were least frequently available. High producers had some of the same needs as other producers, e.g., workload policy providing time for research. Other needs, particularly knowledge and skill needs, differed by productivity level. Two interventions were suggested: (a) a workload policy with time for research, and (b) educational interventions for faculty with various productivity levels. / Ed. D.

Four studies were performed to examine peripheral factors involved with food intake regulation in the domestic fowl. In the first study, the mechanism by which tryptophan depresses food intake was clarified. Intraperitoneal injections of tryptophan methyl ester were demonstrated to inhibit feeding in Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) cockerels. Intragastric intubations of tryptophan inhibited food intake and decreased body temperature of SCWL cockerels. These results, in conjunction with previous findings, indicate that tryptophan's inhibitory influence on food intake is peripherally rather than centrally based. The second study explored the role of the duodenum in food intake regulation. Intraduodenal glucose loads had no effect on food intake of SCWL or Rock Cornish (RC) commercial broiler cockerels. In addition, splanchnicectomized birds did not respond to intraduodenal glucose infusions any differently than sham-operated controls. Apparently, the duodenum does not play a significant role in food intake control in the fowl. Hepatic involvement in appetite regulation was examined in SCWL and RC cockerels in the third study. Amino acid solutions failed to influence food intake when infused intraportally in either strain of chicken. Relatively small glucose or lipid solutions depressed food intake significantly when infused intraportally in the SCWL birds but had no effect in the RC cockerels. The liver appears to be integrally involved in controlling food consumption in the SCWL chicken. In the final study, the existence of a "hunger" factor in the peripheral circulation of two lines of chickens divergently selected for body weight was explored. Intrahepatic infusions of plasma from food deprived high-weight line chickens stimulated food intake of sated low-weight line chickens. These studies indicate that peripheral mechanisms are important in regulating appetite in light-breed chickens such as the SCWL, however, such mechanisms in heavy-breed chickens such as the RC appear to be less sensitive. This desensitization in heavy-breed chickens suggests that genetic selection for increased growth has affected the food intake control systems. / Ph. D.

This research empirically tests three models that predict the expected intention change that results when people read and think about written advertising copy. The three models were derived from the principals of information processing 4 theory. This framework predicts that change in intention is a function of the discrepancy between a message and the person's initial stance before reading the message. From information processing theory, three models are derived and empirically tested against one another. The three models make specific predictions about behavioral and cognitive processing of the content in an advertisement. The three models tested in this research are termed the Presentation Model, the Random Model, and the Importance Model. The Presentation and Random Models assume that the way in which a multiple message is read determines the processing of the content. The Presentation Model assumes that people read down the page and change intention incrementally as they read. The Random Model assumes that people read copy by giving short consideration to each message and they cycle back through the copy, i.e., browsing several times. These two models were previously derived by Hunter, Danes and Cohen (1984). In addition to the aforementioned two models, this research proposed a third model, the Importance Model. This model assumes that people read the copy and enter it into short term memory. They then rank order the messages according to the importance of the attributes about which the message communicates a benefit. The processing then occurs in descending order of attribute importance. An experimental methodology was developed to test the assumptions made by each of these models and to examine the predictive validity of each model. Four treatments were employed to test the assumptions made in deriving the models. The presentation of the messages was computer controlled and the computer was used to simulate model assumptions. Also, magnitude scales were successfully employed to measure the independent and dependent variables of the three regression. The results of the research support the Importance Models as the appropriate models. This is based upon predictive validity and regression fit. This research expanded the information processing paradigm by offering a third processing model which is a more promising predictor of intention change. Future research in the area should expand upon these three models incorporating more homogeneous groups in terms of benefits. Also, future research should include allowances for logical distortions in the processing. Other topical areas for explorations are different delivery mechanisms such as verbal presentation and creative aspects of advertisements. / Ph. D.

In this dissertation, using Jungian depth psychology, I use the dialectical structure of the human psyche as a foundation to illustrate some problems that develop when an individual identifies her or himself with the requirements of a rational organization. I argue that the unconscious side of the psyche is not acknowledged, and is in fact suppressed, by the rational form of organization. The consequences for the individual have serious side effects. Specifically, the human individuation process is obstructed and the feeling side of life is sacrificed. Basically, the rational organization represents an over assertion of the conscious attitude, that, if adhered to, may lead to an imbalance in the psyche. Consequently, a negative manifestation of the unconscious will be realized. In order to correct this situation, I contend that a more balanced form of organization is needed. A form that will allow the unconscious side of the psyche a wholesome expression. If the human individuation process is to proceed normally, the unconscious must be integrated into the conscious personality. Just what form the organization will take in order to facilitate, instead of obstructing, the individuation process cannot be determined exactly, nor predicted successfully. This is because all real change flows from deep within the unconscious through a symbol generating process, and it is not possible to formulate, rationally, a symbol through an intellectual process. It is evident, however, that the rational, masculine model of organization that heightens thinking, order, authority, objectivity, and impersonality must be mediated by a more feminine, subjective, feeling form of participative structure and process that encourages a wholistic realization of one’s personality, and a genuine opening up of feeling, both of which are prerequisites for the integration of the unconscious. / Ph. D.

The estimation of a particular matrix of coefficients of a second-order polynomial model was shown to be important in Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This led naturally to designing RSM experiments for best estimation of these coefficients as a primary goal. A design criterion, D_S-optimality, was applied to several classes of RSM designs to find optimal choices of design parameters. Further, previous results on D-optimal RSM designs were extended. The designs resulting from the use of the two criteria were compared. Two other design criteria were also studied. These were IV, the prediction variance of ŷ integrated over a region R, and IV*, sum of the variances of ∂ŷ/∂<u>α</u> again integrated over R. Three different choices of the region R were used. The object of the study was not only to identify optimal choices of design parameters, but also to compare the resulting designs with those obtained using the determinantal criteria. An extension of a method for constructing D-optimal designs was used to construct D_S-optimal central composite designs. This involved viewing the design points as having continuous weights. D_S-best central composite designs were constructed either analytically or numerically for a fixed axial point distance. The results of previous work by other authors were extended for D-optimality by varying the axial point distance. Other design classes studied were Box-Behnken, equiradial, and some small composite designs. The novel study of IV and the extended IV, called IV*, was done for each of the four design classes mentioned previously. The results of the study were presented graphically, or tabularly. The best designs according to IV and IV* were compared with the D_S-best designs. Composite designs performed well in all criteria, with the central composite designs performing best. The Box-Behnken and equiradial seemed to suffer from a lack of flexibility. The D_S-best designs agreed well with the designs suggested by the IV* criteria. / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

Net photosynthesis (Pn) and photosynthate partitioning were compared between fruiting and deblossomed strawberry plants. Throughout a six-week fruiting cycle, Pn (leaf area basis), specific leaf weight (SLW), and chlorophyll content were determined at 7-day intervals for an early-formed leaf (old leaf) and for the most recently expanded leaf (young leaf) of fruiting and deblossomed day-neutral plants (cv. Tribute). During the fifth week of the fruiting cycle, Pn of the young leaf was higher for fruiting plants than for deblossomed plants. Pn of the old leaf was not different between treatments during any week. During weeks 4 and 5, the young leaf of the deblossomed plants had a higher SLW than that of fruiting plants; SLW of the old leaf was higher for deblossomed plants during weeks 4-6. The young leaf of the deblossomed plants had a higher chlorophyll content than that of fruiting plants during weeks 1 and 4. Chlorophyll content of the old leaf was higher for deblossomed plants during weeks 1, 2, and 4. There were no differences between treatments for stomatal conductance for CO₂ or dark respiration during any week of the fruiting cycle. In another experiment, deblossoming day-neutral strawberry plants (cv. Tribute) increased the amount of ¹⁴C translocated to the newly-emerging leaves 48 hrs after treatment with ¹⁴CO₂. During weeks 3-6 of the fruiting cycle, leaves of deblossomed plants had a greater total area, dry weight, and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNSC) content than leaves of fruiting plants. Pn on a whole-plant basis was higher for deblossomed plants than fruiting plants. This was largely due to the greater leaf area of the deblossomed plants, since total leaf area was highly correlated with Pn (whole plant basis). Pn (whole plant basis) was highly correlated with total dry weight and TNSC of plants in both treatments. Thus, deblossoming changed Pn and dry matter partitioning of strawberry plants. The additional leaf area and greater Pn rates (whole plant basis) obtained by deblossoming strawberry plants may result in increased yields during subsequent fruiting cycles. / Ph. D.

Part I Proposed Experimental Tests of the Right-handed Weak Current All possible experiments which test the SU(2)_L x U(1)_R x U(1)_B-L model and SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_B-L model using the LEP e⁺e⁻ collider and HERA e⁻p collider are calculated and the most sensitive experiments are examined. Part II Semi-Phenomenological Theory of (Qq̅) System The (QQ̅) and (Qq̅) mesons are calculated using a QCD motivated potential model. It is discovered that by including a long distance relativistic correction term derived by Grome, the Coulomb + Linear potential works not only for c and b quarks, but s quark as well. The leptonic decay constants of various (Qq̅) mesons together with their masses are predicted. The topponium states are also discussed. / Ph. D.

Several panel methods are developed to model subsonic aerodynamics. The vorticity panel method for two-dimensional problems is capable of handling general unsteady, potential, lifting flows. The lifting surface is modelled with a vortex sheet and the wakes by discrete vortices. As an imitation of the conditions at the trailing edge, stagnation conditions on both surfaces are used. The over-determined system is solved by an optimization scheme. The present predictions are in good agreement with experimental data and other computations. Moreover the present approach provides an attractive alternative to those developed earlier. Two panel methods for three-dimensional nonlifting problems are developed. One uses source distributions over curved elements and the other vorticity distributions over flat elements. For the source formulation, the effect of weakly nonlinear geometry on the numerical results is shown to accelerate the convergence of numerical values in general. In addition, the extensive comparisons between two formulations reveal that the voticity panel method is even more stable and accurate than the curved source panel method. Another vorticity panel method is developed to study the lifting l flows past three-dimensional bodies with sharp edges. The body is modelled by single vortex sheet for thin bodies and two vortex sheets for thick bodies while the wakes are modelled with a number of strings of discrete vortices. The flows are assumed to separate along the the sharp edges. The combination of continuous vorticity on the lifting surface and discrete vortices in the wakes yields excellent versatility and the capability of handling the tightly rolled wakes and predicting continuous pressure distributions on the lifting surface. The method is applied to thin and thick low-aspect-ratio delta wings and rectangular wings. The computed aerodynamic forces and wake shapes are in quantitative agreement with experimental data and other computational results. / Ph. D.