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Thesis advisor: Kendra Eshleman / This paper reads Josephus' 'Bellum Judaicum' within the Greco-Roman historiographic tradition and argues that this work must be read within this context. Josephus adheres to the conventions of this tradition and an examination of this shows that specific objections raised by scholars who consider Josephus unreliable are better explained as him following these conventions. Josephus chooses to write in this tradition because it allows him to address a tripartite audience of Jews, Romans, and the Greek-speaking east in order to instruct all sides on the best ways to manage affairs between Rome and her subject nations. It further concludes that Josephus should be considered a reliable historian. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Classics Honors Program. / Discipline: Classical Studies.

L'histoire de la région, ainsi que les grandes étapes de la conquête romaine sont connus mais le but de cette thèse est de comprendre quel était le quotidien des populations de basse Provence, aux alentours du changement d'ère. La céramique est un excellent outil pour répondre à ce type de problématique. L'ensemble des récipients utilisés pour la confection, le service et la consommation des aliments est pris en compte. L'étude céramologique conduit à la détermination d'un faciès culturel permettant une réflexion sur les traditions indigènes, les influences italiques et le degré d'intégration du processus de romanisation sur chacun des sites étudiés. Ces derniers ont été choisis en fonction de leur histoire (site indigène, colonie romaine…) et selon leur position par rapport aux voies commerciales et de communication connues en basse Provence. Ce travail a pour but de contribuer à l'étude des populations gauloises et du processus d'intégration du modèle romain dans la société. Mais aussi de répondre à des problématiques d'ordre culturel sur les étapes de l'adoption du mode de vie romain par les Gaulois. Cette thèse pourra permettre une réflexion sur la position spatiale des villes qui ont plus ou moins vite intégré le modèle romain. Ce type d'approche, proposant une comparaison culturelle de différents sites de notre région est nécessaire dans la mesure où il n'a pas encore été entrepris. / The history of the region as well as the grand stages of the Roman conquest are known, but this thesis' aim is to understand what was the every day life of the population of Basse Provence around the era change. Ceramics are an excellent tool to answer this kind of problematic. All the containers used for the preparation, the service and consumption of food have been taking into account. The study of ceramics conducts to the determination of a cultural feature allowing a reflection on natives' traditions, Italics' influences and the degree of integration of the Romanisation process on each of the sites studied. These, were chosen according to their history (native site, Roman colony, ...) and according to their position in relation to commercial and travel routes in Basse Provence. The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the study of Gallic's populations and the integration process of the Roman model in the society. But also to answer cultural problems concerning the stages of adoption of the Roman's way of life by the Gallic. This thesis will allow a reflection on the spatial position of the cities that have more or less rapidly integrated the Roman model. This type of approach, proposing a cultural comparison of different sites of our region, is necessary because it has not yet been undertaken.

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This thesis explores the representation of gender, desire, and identity in elegiac discourse. It does so through the lens of post‐structural and psychoanalytic theory, referring to the works of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Jessica Benjamin, and Laura Mulvey in their analyses of power, gender performativity, and subjectivity. Within this thesis, these concepts are applied primarily to the works of Tibullus, Propertius, and Sulpicia, ultimately demonstrating that the three love elegists seek, in their poetry, to construct subversive discourses which destabilise the categories by which gender and identity were determined in Augustan Rome. This discussion is supplemented by the investigation of Ovid’s use of elegiac discourse in Book 10 of his Metamorphoses, and the way in which it both comments upon Augustan love elegy and demonstrates a number of parallels with its thematic content. This thesis focuses especially on the representation of power relations within elegiac discourse, the various levels on which such relations operate and, finally, the possibilities for the contestation of and resistance to power, in addition to the motivations that might lie behind the poet‐lover’s frequent attraction and submission to it.

The nature of the Republican constitution has been much contested by scholars studying the history of the Roman Republic. In considering the problems of the late Republic, the nature of the constitution is an important question, for if we do not understand what the constitution was, how can we explain Rome’s transition from ‘Republic’ to ‘Empire’? Such a question is particularly pertinent when looking at events at Rome following the assassination of Caesar, as we try to understand why it was that the Republic, as we understand it as a polity without a sole ruler, was not restored. This thesis examines the Roman understanding of the constitution in the aftermath of Caesar’s death and argues that for the Romans the constitution was a contested entity, its proper nature debated and fought over, and that this contest led to conflict on the political stage, becoming a key factor in the failure to restore the Republic and the establishment of the Second Triumvirate. The thesis proposes a new methodology for the examination of the constitution, employing modern critical theories of discourse and the formation of knowledge to establish and analyse the Roman constitution as a discursive entity: interpreted, contested and established through discourse. I argue that the Roman knowledge of the proper nature of the constitution of the res publica had fractured by the time of Caesar’s death and that this fracturing led to multiple understandings of the constitution. In this thesis I describe the state of Rome in 44-43 B.C. to reveal these multiple understandings of the constitution, and undertake an analysis of the discourse of Cicero and Sallust after 44 B.C. in order to describe the way in which different understandings of the constitution were formulated and expressed. Through this examination this thesis shows that the expression and interrelation of these multiple understandings in Roman political discourse made arrival at a unified agreement on a common course of action all but impossible and that this combined with the volatile atmosphere at Rome after Caesar’s death played a major role in Rome’s slide towards civil war and the eventual establishment of a different political system.