Orientador: Andrea Lúcia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Banca: André Figueiredo Rodrigues / Banca: Fernando Candido da Silva / Banca: Jorge Miklos / Banca: Rafael da Costa Campos / Resumo: O presente trabalho é um estudo que busca analisar as relações entre religião, política e identidade no mundo romano durante o principado Júlio-Claudiano. Para tanto, propomos, de um lado, uma reflexão acerca dos sacra publica realizados na cidade de Roma e o papel do Princeps na construção e manutenção de comportamentos religiosos ideais. Por outro lado, refletimos sobre o desenvolvimento dos cultos imperiais nas províncias, com especial atenção ao culto ao Princeps vivo. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos em nosso trabalho utilizamo- nos da teoria pós-colonial e a visão que essa crítica traz à compreensão dos processos de identificação, de dominação e manipulação de símbolos do poder, considerando sua viabilidade e importância para o estudo da Antiguidade. Com a análise da documentação, através da análise dos discursos que a constitui, tanto no que tange o textual quanto o advindo da cultura material que são apresentados, e considerado nosso marco teórico, o papel desempenhado pela religião e o Princeps, que defendemos que podemos encontrar visões paralelas da romanidade. Romanidades em Paralelo são essas construções que ocorrem simultaneamente em Roma e nas Provinciais sobre o "ser romano". Torna-se, portanto, necessário deslocarmos de uma posição tradicionalmente pensada enquanto central, a visão das elites da cidade de Roma sobre o que consiste esse "ser romano" e refletirmos sobre essa(s) construção(ões) para além da urbs / Abstract: This thesis is a study that aims at analyzing the relations between religion, politics and identity in the Roman world during the Julio-Claudian Principate. To that end we propose an assessment of the sacra publica in the city of Rome and the development of the imperial cults in the provinces, paying special attention to the worship of the living Princeps. To achieve the aims proposed by this study, we turn ourselves to the postcolonial theory and the vision that this critique brings to the comprehension of processes of identification, domination and manipulation of the symbols of power, considering its viability and importance to studies of Antiquity. Through an analysis of both the written and material sources concerning the period, we assert that it is possible to find parallel visions of Romanness, becoming necessary to displace Rome from its the traditional perspective, that the Romanness as seen by the elites of the city takes a central, hierarchical and imposing position to the entire Empire. Hence, we aim at understanding how Romanness was constructed and operated outside the urbs / Doutor

L’homme a toujours su s’assurer de sa propre importance, en se prenant pour le maître souverain au milieu de tout ce qui se meut. L’expression de l’art, le dévoilement de la science, la cogitation philosophique et la réflexion théologique ont hérité et continuent de promouvoir sa conviction anthropocentrique. Mise en question de cette position connaissait une sévère réfutation. Les expériences du béhaviorisme radical en psychologie et d’une formulation théocentrique dans la théologie protestante en sont des exemples marquants dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. La présente étude s’attache à restituer aux faits leur place initiale. Autour des deux protagonistes - le théologien James Gustafson et le psychologue B.F. Skinner - il devient démontré comment dans la ‘circulation d’entrecroisement’ les notions de liberté et de conditionnement peuvent se corriger mutuellement et s’enrichir réciproquement. / Man has at all times sensed his self-importance, reaffirming his own sovereign dominion over the rest that surrounds him. Expressions of arts, unveilings of sciences, musings of philosophy, and reflections in theology announced, maintained and transmitted anthropocentric conception. Any serious attempt to question it would meet a stern reprimand. The experiences of the radical behaviorism in psychology and in a protestant realm of a theocentric theology in the second half of 20th century can attest to its effect. The present study aims to restate the facts as they were originally intended. Largely, around two main protagonists, James Gustafson in theology and B.F. Skinner in psychology, it is shown how in the crossroad circulation the inherently porous notions of free will and of conditioning can convey a mutual correction with a reciprocal enhancement.

Thesis (MA (Ancient Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / The term vir bonus as a comprehensive concept is nowhere precisely defined, yet the Romans clearly understood its meaning. To give substance to it, the role that the good Roman or vir bonus was expected to play in the Roman Republic, was examined. By his extensive descriptions of the evils of the Empire, Tacitus confirms this concept by emphasizing the absence of these exemplary qualities. The development of Rome from city state to Monarchy to Republic is steeped in legend. The foundation of the Roman constitution was believed to have been laid during that period, and adjusted to prevent the recurrence of a monarchy. This system of government was closely structured and demanded a high moral standard from its participants. While Roman territory was limited, this constitution functioned well. However, when after the Punic Wars Rome became master of almost the whole area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, it was impracticable. A long and often bloody strife followed between the advocates of change and those who would not accept it. Augustus won out and established an Empire, calling it by the euphemistic term of Principate. His successors automatically acceded to their powers as emperor. During the Empire the political structures of the Republic were disempowered and the moral fibre of the ruling classes perverted. It is this process that Tacitus examines critically. He does so by describing how different people reacted under different circumstances. Some behaviour he roundly condemns, but often he makes us realise that the participants did not have much leeway, and that this consequently affected their behaviour .

La “Terra sigillata” es un fósil arqueológico utilizado como indicador cronológico, comercial y cultural. Para ser utilizado en este sentido resulta necesario conocer su procedencia y su comportamiento en los centros productores y receptores. Las procedencias se han determinado siempre a partir de análisis macroscópicos (visuales) y el comportamiento en los centros se analiza, con frecuencia, de una forma no contrastada cientifícamente. Por todo esto, a partir de los años 60 los análisis físico-químicos y mineralógicos han puesto de manifiesto los errores cometidos por los arqueólogos al determinar fábricas macroscópicamente. Considerando la adscripción de fábricas como el primer paso sobre el que poder cimentar cualquier investigación posterior, se propone aquí un método para determinar fabricas macroscópicamente que pone en evidencia, al someterlo a los resultados de los análisis físico-químicos, los límites de esta técnica. En el campo del comportamiento se pone de manifiesto la parquedad de los resultados, en el caso de Clunia, cuando éstos se someten a un tratamiento estadístico riguroso.

No description available.

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Banca: Julio Cesar Magalhaes de Oliveira / Banca: Marina Regis Cavicchioli / Banca: Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado / Banca: Érica Cristhyane Morais da Silva / Resumo: No presente trabalho buscamos perceber a intensa interação entre romanos e bárbaros nas fileiras do exército, compondo o que chamamos de exército romano-bárbaro. A partir dessa confluência observamos como se desenvolveu o uso dos equipamentos militares pelos soldados e, consequentemente, como influenciaram na disciplina e treinamento dos combatentes. Para tanto, compomos um catalogo de imagens, com artefatos bélicos que foram usados no período do século IV d.C, onde montamos fichas catalográficas com a imagem de cada objeto e suas características. Desenvolvemos, também, um catalogo de fontes que nos auxilia a entender como eram vistas e usadas as armas pelos soldados daquele momento, como referência utilizamos a obra Res gestae de Amiano Marcelino, a Epitome rei militaris de Flávio Vegécio Renato, a Notitia dignitatum e a De rebus bellicis, sendo as duas últimas anônimas. O estudo dessas obras e materiais nos possibilitou averiguar como eram utilizados cada armamento, de forma que podemos ter uma compreensão de todos os equipamento e máquina usado pelo exército romano-bárbaro no século IV d.C. A partir do conhecimento do uso de cada arma, pudemos apurar quais eram os exercícios requerido para a prática individual e coletiva do exército. Logo, percebemos que a convivência com outras culturas ampliou os conhecimentos tático e disciplinares do exército do Império Romano da Antiguidade Tardia. / Abstract: In the present work, we realize the intense interaction between romans and barbarians in the army, forming what we called roman-barbarian army. From the confluence we observe how developed the use of military equipment by the soldiers and consequently how they influenced in the discipline and training of fighters. Therefore, we compose a catalog of images with war artifacts of the fourth century A.D. In this, we set cards with the image of each object and its features. We have also developed a catalog of sources which helps us to understand how the soldiers seen and used the weapons of that time. As a reference, we analyze the Res gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus, the Epitome rei militaris of Flavius Vegetius Renatus, the Notitia dignitatum and the De rebus bellicis, the latter two anonymous. The study of these works and materials enabled us to find out how each weapon were used, then we can have an understanding of all equipment and machinery used by the roman-barbarian soldiers in the fourth century A.D. We could tell which were the exercises required for the individual and collective practice of the army, by knowing the use of each weapon. Soon, we realized that living with other cultures expand tactical and disciplinary knowledge of the late Roman army. / Résumé: Dans ce travail nous cherchons à comprendre l'interaction intense entre romains et barbares dans les lignes de l'armée, ce qui compose ce que nous dénommons l'armée romaine-barbare. À partir de cette confluence, nous observons comment s'est développé l'utilisation des équipements militaires par les soldats et, conséquemment, comment ils ont influencé la discipline et l'entraînement des combattants. Dans ce but, nous avons créé un catalogue d'images, d'artefacts de guerre qui ont été utilisés pendant le IVe siècle ap. J.-C., dans lequel il y a des fiches catalographiques qui contiennent l'image de chaque objet et ses caractéristiques. Nous avons aussi développé un catalogue de sources qui nous aide à comprendre comment les soldats de cette période voyaient et utilisaient les armes ; comme référence, nous avons utilisé les oeuvres Res gestae d'Ammien Marcellin, Epitoma rei militaris de Végèce (Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus), Notitia dignitatum et De rebus bellicis (ces deux dernières sont anonymes). L'étude de ces oeuvres et matériels nous a permis de vérifier comment était utilisé chaque armement, de telle façon que nous avons pu avoir une compréhension de tous les équipements et machines utilisés par l'armée romaine-barbare du IVe siècle ap. J.-C. À partir de la connaissance de l'utilisation de chaque arme, nous avons pu savoir quels étaient les exercices requis pour la pratique individuelle et collective de l'armée. Ainsi, nous avons remarqué que la coexistence avec d'aut... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous) / Doutor

Orientador: Ivan Esperança Rocha / Banca: André Leonardo Chevitarese / Banca: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo a análise e avaliação do discurso de Paulo em Antioquia, em meados do I século d.C., com enfoque no texto de 2,11-14 da Carta aos Gálatas, onde ele discute com os líderes da Igreja a relação entre judeus e gentios, os limites da adoção dos rituais da Torá. O posicionamento de Paulo é entendido no contexto da cultura helenística e dos ideais do império Romano e o judaísmo é discutido a partir de suas múltiplas e complexas facetas e com toda a dinâmica cultural, social, econômica e religiosa em que se insere no período. / Abstract: This research aims at the analysis and evaluation of speech of Paul in Antioquia, in mid of I century BC, with focus in the text 2,11-14 in the Letter to the Galatians, where he discusses with the others leaders of the Church the relationship between Jews and Gentiles, the limits of the adoption of the rites of the Torah. The position of Paul is understood in the context of Hellenistic culture and the ideals of the Roman Empire and the Judaism is discusses from its multiple and complex facets and with the dynamic cultural, social, economic and religious which includes the period. / Mestre

The thesis presents a contribution to the analysis and visualization of computational performance based on event traces with a particular focus on parallel programs and High Performance Computing (HPC). Event traces contain detailed information about specified incidents (events) during run-time of programs and allow minute investigation of dynamic program behavior, various performance metrics, and possible causes of performance flaws. Due to long running and highly parallel programs and very fine detail resolutions, event traces can accumulate huge amounts of data which become a challenge for interactive as well as automatic analysis and visualization tools. The thesis proposes a method of exploiting redundancy in the event traces in order to reduce the memory requirements and the computational complexity of event trace analysis. The sources of redundancy are repeated segments of the original program, either through iterative or recursive algorithms or through SPMD-style parallel programs, which produce equal or similar repeated event sequences. The data reduction technique is based on the novel Complete Call Graph (CCG) data structure which allows domain specific data compression for event traces in a combination of lossless and lossy methods. All deviations due to lossy data compression can be controlled by constant bounds. The compression of the CCG data structure is incorporated in the construction process, such that at no point substantial uncompressed parts have to be stored. Experiments with real-world example traces reveal the potential for very high data compression. The results range from factors of 3 to 15 for small scale compression with minimum deviation of the data to factors > 100 for large scale compression with moderate deviation. Based on the CCG data structure, new algorithms for the most common evaluation and analysis methods for event traces are presented, which require no explicit decompression. By avoiding repeated evaluation of formerly redundant event sequences, the computational effort of the new algorithms can be reduced in the same extent as memory consumption. The thesis includes a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art and related work, a detailed presentation of the design of the CCG data structure, an elaborate description of algorithms for construction, compression, and analysis of CCGs, and an extensive experimental validation of all components. / Diese Dissertation stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz für die Analyse und Visualisierung der Berechnungs-Performance vor, der auf dem Ereignis-Tracing basiert und insbesondere auf parallele Programme und das Hochleistungsrechnen (High Performance Computing, HPC) zugeschnitten ist. Ereignis-Traces (Ereignis-Spuren) enthalten detaillierte Informationen über spezifizierte Ereignisse während der Laufzeit eines Programms und erlauben eine sehr genaue Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens, verschiedener Performance-Metriken und potentieller Performance-Probleme. Aufgrund lang laufender und hoch paralleler Anwendungen und dem hohen Detailgrad kann das Ereignis-Tracing sehr große Datenmengen produzieren. Diese stellen ihrerseits eine Herausforderung für interaktive und automatische Analyse- und Visualisierungswerkzeuge dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert eine Methode, die Redundanzen in den Ereignis-Traces ausnutzt, um sowohl die Speicheranforderungen als auch die Laufzeitkomplexität der Trace-Analyse zu reduzieren. Die Ursachen für Redundanzen sind wiederholt ausgeführte Programmabschnitte, entweder durch iterative oder rekursive Algorithmen oder durch SPMD-Parallelisierung, die gleiche oder ähnliche Ereignis-Sequenzen erzeugen. Die Datenreduktion basiert auf der neuartigen Datenstruktur der "Vollständigen Aufruf-Graphen" (Complete Call Graph, CCG) und erlaubt eine Kombination von verlustfreier und verlustbehafteter Datenkompression. Dabei können konstante Grenzen für alle Abweichungen durch verlustbehaftete Kompression vorgegeben werden. Die Datenkompression ist in den Aufbau der Datenstruktur integriert, so dass keine umfangreichen unkomprimierten Teile vor der Kompression im Hauptspeicher gehalten werden müssen. Das enorme Kompressionsvermögen des neuen Ansatzes wird anhand einer Reihe von Beispielen aus realen Anwendungsszenarien nachgewiesen. Die dabei erzielten Resultate reichen von Kompressionsfaktoren von 3 bis 5 mit nur minimalen Abweichungen aufgrund der verlustbehafteten Kompression bis zu Faktoren > 100 für hochgradige Kompression. Basierend auf der CCG_Datenstruktur werden außerdem neue Auswertungs- und Analyseverfahren für Ereignis-Traces vorgestellt, die ohne explizite Dekompression auskommen. Damit kann die Laufzeitkomplexität der Analyse im selben Maß gesenkt werden wie der Hauptspeicherbedarf, indem komprimierte Ereignis-Sequenzen nicht mehrmals analysiert werden. Die vorliegende Dissertation enthält eine ausführliche Vorstellung des Stands der Technik und verwandter Arbeiten in diesem Bereich, eine detaillierte Herleitung der neu eingeführten Daten-strukturen, der Konstruktions-, Kompressions- und Analysealgorithmen sowie eine umfangreiche experimentelle Auswertung und Validierung aller Bestandteile.

No description available.

A spectroscopic analysis of 10 intergalactic star-forming objects (ISFOs) and a photometric analysis of 67 ISFOs in a sample of 14 interacting systems is presented. The majority of the ISFOs have relative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) band strengths similar to those of nearby spiral and starburst galaxies. In contrast to what is observed in blue compact dwarfs (BCDs) and local giant H II regions in the Milky Way (NGC 3603) and the Magellanic Clouds (30 Doradus and N 66), the relative PAH band strengths in ISFOs correspond to models with a significant PAH ion fraction (<50%) and bright emission from large PAHs (∼100 carbon atoms). The [Ne III]/[Ne II] and [S IV]/[S III] line flux ratios indicate moderate levels of excitation with an interstellar radiation field that is harder than the majority of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey and starburst galaxies, but softer than BCDs and local giant H II regions. The ISFO neon line flux ratios are consistent with a burst of star formation ∼6 million years ago. Most of the ISFOs have ∼106 M ⊙ of warm H2 with a likely origin in photo-dissociation regions (PDRs). Infrared Array Camera photometry shows the ISFOs to be bright at 8 μm, with one-third having [4.5]-[8.0] > 3.7, i.e., enhanced non-stellar emission, most likely due to PAHs, relative to normal spirals, dwarf irregulars, and BCD galaxies. The relative strength of the 8 μm emission compared to that at 3.6 μm or 24 μm separates ISFOs from dwarf galaxies in Spitzer two-color diagrams. The infrared power in two-thirds of the ISFOs is dominated by emission from grains in a diffuse interstellar medium. One in six ISFOs have significant emission from PDRs, contributing ∼30%-60% of the total power. ISFOs are young knots of intense star formation.