City of Edinburgh Museums and Galleries hold a substantial collection of artefacts and record books donated in 1909 by the office bearers of the Royal Ancient Order of St Crispin. This organisation was the final reincarnation of the Royal St Crispin Society established around 1817. From 1932 the display of a selection of these objects erroneously attributed their provenance to the Incorporation of Cordiners of Canongate with no interpretation of the meaning and use of this regalia. The association of shoemakers (cordiners in Scotland) with St Crispin their patron saint remained such that at least until the early twentieth century a shoemaker was popularly called a ‘Crispin' and collectively ‘sons of Crispin'. In medieval Scotland cordiners maintained altars to St Crispin and his brother St Crispianus and their cult can be traced to France in the sixth century. In the late sixteenth century an English rewriting of the legend achieved immediate popularity and St Crispin's Day continued to be remembered in England throughout the seventeenth century. Journeymen shoemakers in Scotland in the early eighteenth century commemorated their patron with processions; and the appellation ‘St Crispin Society' appeared in 1763. This thesis investigates the longevity of the shoemakers' attachment to St Crispin prior to the nineteenth century and analyses the origin, creation, organisation, development and demise of the Royal St Crispin Society and the network of lodges it created in Scotland in the period 1817-1909. Although showing the influence of freemasonry, the Royal St Crispin Society devised and practised rituals based on shoemaking legends and traditions. An interpretation of these rituals is given as well as an examination of the celebration of the saint's day and the organisation and significance of King Crispin processions. The interconnection of St Crispin artefacts and archival material held by Scottish museums and archives is demonstrated throughout the thesis.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-17T20:57:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOELMA SALES DOS SANTOS - TESE PPGEA 2012..pdf: 13860742 bytes, checksum: fac37c1ab0eb02e62c3c72dbd0f37041 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-17T20:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOELMA SALES DOS SANTOS - TESE PPGEA 2012..pdf: 13860742 bytes, checksum: fac37c1ab0eb02e62c3c72dbd0f37041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02 / CNPq / A reutilização de resíduos na agricultura tem-se tornado uma alternativa promissora e viável, de vez que pode substituir a adubação química, proporcionando um elevado aporte de nutrientes às plantas, o que possibilita a redução dos custos de produção. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de composto orgânico oriundo de lixo doméstico e a irrigação com água residuária doméstica tratada no desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro, bem como seu potencial em absorver os metais zinco e cobre. Para isto, as plantas foram cultivadas em ambiente protegido pertencente à Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, município de Campina Grande, PB. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 6x2, com 3 repetições; as 6 doses de nitrogénio disponível em composto de resíduo sólido foram (0, 60, 100, 140, 180 e 220 kg de N ha'1) e 2 tipos de água (água potável e água residuária doméstica tratada). Verilicou-se que as doses de nitrogénio e os tipos de água utilizados não influenciaram significativamente, no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento, à produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro BRS 286, a fibra produzida por esta cultivar se encontra dentro dos parâmetros aceitáveis pela indústria têxtil. As plantas de algodão se mostraram mais eficientes na absorção e translocação do zinco quando irrigadas com água residuária doméstica tratada. A adubação orgânica oriunda da compostagem de lixo urbano e a irrigação residuária doméstica tratada, podem substituir a adubação química no cultivo de algodoeiro cultivar BRS 286. / The reuse of waste in agriculture has become a viable and promising alternative, since it can replace chemical fertilizer, providing a high input of nutrients to plants, which enables the reduction of costs production. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the use of compost derived from household waste and irrigation with treated domestic wastewater in the development, production and quality of cotton fiber, as well as its potential to absorb the metais zinc and copper. For this, the plants were grown in a greenhouse belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba state. The experimental design was a randomized block in 6 x 2 factorial with three replicates, and six doses of nitrogen available in compost solid waste were (0, 60, 100, 140, 180 and 220 kg N ha"1) and two types of water (drinking water and treated domestic wastewater). It was found that the nitrogen and the type of water used had no significant effect, as regards the development, production and quality of cotton fiber BRS 286, the fiber is produced by cultivating parameters is within the acceptable industry textiles. The cotton plants were more efficient in uptake and translocation of zinc when irrigated with treated domestic wastewater. The organic fertilizer coming from the composting of urban waste and treated domestic wastewater irrigation can replace chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of cotton cultivar BRS 286.

In dieser Dissertation wird die historische Genese einer Entwicklung untersucht, die zum Entstehen eines „evangelikalen Ethos“ in Teilen der US-Streitkräfte und weiteren Bereichen des National Security State geführt hat. Den Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit bilden Daten zur religiösen Zusammensetzung der amerikanischen Streitkräfte aus dem Jahr 2009. Sie verweisen auf einen überproportional hohen Anteil evangelikaler Protestanten in den amerikanischen Streitkräften. Der Untersuchungszeitraum reicht vom Aufbau des National Security State im Zweiten Weltkrieg bis zum Ende des Vietnamkrieges. Die Annäherung evangelikaler Protestanten an den nationalen Sicherheitsstaat fand bereits im Zweiten Weltkrieg statt. Vor allem im Kontext des Kalten Krieges setzte zudem die Erkenntnis einer ideologischen und kulturellen Nähe zwischen beiden Sphären ein, während die neoevangelikale Erweckungsbewegung zu neuer Blüte gelangte und eine religiöse Mobilisierung der Vereinigten Staaten im frühen Kalten Krieg stattfand. Die Arbeit beruht u.a. auf teil unveröffentlichten Archivbeständen des Billy Graham Center und des Wheaton College. Methodisch ist die Untersuchung der von Philip Sarasin geprägten Wissensgeschichte verpflichtet. Damit kann eine Vielfalt von Wissensbeständen analytisch gegriffen und ihre Bedeutung für politisches und militärisches Handeln entsprechend gefasst werden. Die Arbeit endet mit einem Ausblick auf die Gegenwart: Das missionarische Sendungsbewusstsein evangelikaler Gläubiger führt zu Konflikten innerhalb der Streitkräfte. Auch im Rahmen der Auslandseinsätze der amerikanischen Streitkräfte ereignen sich bedenkliche Vorfälle, in denen etwa das Verbot der Missionierung durch Militärangehörige missachtet wird. / This dissertation examines the historical genesis of a development that lead to an „Evangelical ethos“ within the U.S. Arnmed Forces and other institutions of the National Security State. The starting point for this dissertation are empirical data from 2009 about the religious composition of the U.S. military. This data refers to a disproportional quota of Evangelical Protestants in the military. The period investigated reaches from the creation of the National Security State during World War 2 until the end of the war in Vietnam. The convergence of Evangelical Protestants and the National Security State began with World War 2. Furthermore, in the context of the Cold War a sense of shared ideological and cultural values developed, while the Neoevangelical revival movement blossomed and a religious mobilization of the United States during the early Cold War took place. This work is based on partly unpublished material from the Billy Graham Center and Wheaton College archives, among others. Methodically, it is committed to Philipp Sarasins approach of a history of knowledge. In this way, a variety of stocks of knowledge can be grasped analytically and their significance for political and military action can be grasped accordingly. This dissertation ends with an outlook on the present times: the evangelical zeal of the believers in uniform leads to conflicts within the military. Furthermore, during assigments abroad highly problematic incidents take place, e.g. the disregard of the prohibition of proselytizing by members of the military.