À partir d’un travail de terrain mené auprès de la diaspora palestinienne en France et de l’analyse de la base de données MAROB (Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior) de l’Université de Maryland, cette thèse s’intéresse à la pluralité des engagements des Palestiniens en France vis-à-vis de leur pays d’origine. Leur devoir identitaire semble absolu et l’ombre de la trahison guette leur moindre écart. Les résultats indiquent que le rapport à l’engagement – et plus généralement à l’identité – des Palestiniens en France ne résulte pas uniquement d’un processus de socialisation ou d’une appartenance historique et contemporaine. En effet, les engagements à distance sont aussi façonnés par les représentations et les attentes normatives émanant de la société d’accueil. Par ailleurs, l’engagement à distance s’émancipe bien souvent de toutes enclaves institutionnelles pour se réaliser et prendre forme à un niveau plus maîtrisé par les individus. La coexistence d’une diversité d’engagements traduit la capacité des membres de la diaspora à trouver des voies d’expression et d’action qui permettent aux exilés de conjuguer leur engagement avec la poursuite de leurs projets personnels. Loin d’être vecteur de conflits, la diversité des engagements vis-à-vis du pays d’origine se réalise au sein d’une pluralité pacifique. / The thesis is based on fieldwork conducted with the Palestinian diaspora in France and on the analysis of the “Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior” (MAROB) database compiled at the University of Maryland. We focus on the plurality of Palestinians’ commitments towards their home country. Their absolute duty to keep their identity is overseen by their constant concern not to betray the Palestinian cause. Our results indicate that both the commitment of the Palestinians living in France and their identity more broadly, do not solely originate in a direct socialization process or in historical and cultural belonging. Their commitment from afar is also shaped by the normative representations and expectations deriving from the host society. Furthermore, commitment from afar often emancipates itself from institutional boundaries and materializes at a more individualistic level. A diverse spectrum of engagement with the Palestinian cause shows that diaspora members find ways of expression and action allowing them to combine their commitments with the pursuit of their personal aspirations. That diversity, far from leading to conflict, gives way to peaceful plurality.

No description available.

La construction d’un régime européen de visas représente un domaine de recherche important. Ceci a été analysé comme un des instruments politiques qui déplacent le contrôle migratoire au delà des limites du territoire européen. Cependant, la mise en œuvre de cette politique dans les consulats reste très peu étudiée. Cette thèse analyse la mise en œuvre de la politique du visa Schengen conceptualisée comme politique des frontières. Par la délivrance du visa Schengen, organisations étatiques et non-étatiques réalisent le travail de triage et de filtrage des frontières. Cette thèse investigue la construction quotidienne de la frontière européenne à l’étranger en privilégiant la perspective théorique de la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques. L’analyse s’appuie sur une analyse comparée. Elle se concentre sur les services visas des consulats de deux anciens pays d’immigration, la France et la Belgique, et un nouveau pays d’immigration, l’Italie, qui mettent en œuvre la politique du visa dans un même État tiers : le Maroc. Cette étude met en évidence des différences nationales importantes dans la mise en œuvre qui sont dues à l’histoire, à la conception nationale à la politique des visas, aux conditions organisationnelles distinctes. Toutefois, la méthodologie comparative et l’approche inductive choisis ont permis de mettre en exergue des processus de transferts au niveau de la mise en œuvre qui constituent l’action publique transnationale par le bas. Les interactions informelles entre les acteurs constituent une ‘communauté de pratiques’ basé sur le désir de partager un savoir pratique et local qui sert à résoudre des problèmes liés à la mise en œuvre au quotidien. / The constitution of the European visa regime has deservingly received much scholarly attention. It has been analyzed as part of the policy toolkit that displaces migration control away from the edges of the territory of Europe. Nevertheless, the street-level implementation of this European policy in national consulates remains understudied. This dissertation sheds ethnographic light on Schengen visa policy implementation that is conceptualized as bordering policy. By delivering Schengen visas, state and nonstate organizations achieve the filtering work of borders; this dissertation therefore investigates the day-to-day bordering of Europe abroad and using a comparative approach and focusing on from the theoretical perspective of street-level policy implementation. The analysis builds on a comparative case study: it focuses on the visa sections of the consulates of two old immigration countries, Belgium and France, and one new immigration country, Italy, which implement visa policy in a same third country, i.e. Morocco. This study highlights cross-national differences of visa policy day-to-day implementation that are due to shifting historical backgrounds, national sense-making of visa policy, and distinct organizational conditions. However, the comparative research design and the inductive epistemological approach deployed have revealed processes of transfer at the implementation level, which result in transnational policy-making from below. Informal interactions between actors constitute a ‘community of practice’ based on the desire to share local and practical knowledge rather than expert knowledge in order to address problems linked to day-to-day implementation.

The objective of this thesis is to predict lining thickness inside circular mine shafts. A numerical study with different rock mass strengths and different in-situ non-hydrostatic stresses are carried out in 2D shaft section models to predict pressures that develop on lining support. An iterative process of applying support pressure until observing no failure zone around shaft is used to simulate lining support pressure for each individual model. Later, regression and fuzzy logic analyses are carried out to find a pressure equation for all of the models. Finally, the pressure equation derived is used in elastic &ldquo / thick-walled cylinder&rdquo / equation to calculate the lining thickness required to prevent the development of a failure zone around shafts. At the end of this research, a computer program &ldquo / Shaft 2D&rdquo / is developed to simplify the lining thickness calculation process.

Transportation cost is an important item in total operating cost of an open pit mining operations. In some projects, the transportation cost may reach to 60 % of total operating cost. Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKi) delivers the demanded coal to all cities of Turkey within the context of Prime Ministry Social Solidarity and Aid Fund. The project duration, demanded coal amount whether the coal is needed as packed or unpacked form are determined by local governors. In this study, a model is developed through software, called NAKMAL for the estimation of TKi&rsquo / s coal transportation cost. Transportation cost model is coded using Visual Studio.NET 2005. This model is designed in modular structure and composed of 19 modules. Excavation and transportation in a mine is an important part of the model. Model considers all the highway, railway and transportation by ship alternatives, as well as the packing operation. This model is being used in evaluation of bids by the decision of TKi&rsquo / s board of executive committee.

In this chapter, we draw empirical and theoretical conclusions based on the various analyses contained in this volume that focus on the European and U.S. migration regimes. We conclude that immigration policies have a multitude of unintended effects which affect both migrants and governments in the countries of origin, transit, and arrival. This chapter begins with an overview of the interest policies inside and outside the ‘defended’ territories. In the U.S. a lucrative internal market of border control has emerged, whereas the EU’s externalized border control includes the neighboring countries. The second part describes the unintended effects arising due to inconsistent general policies of the countries of arrival and origin, which often contradict the official immigration policies. Following this, the limited effect of border control measures on immigrants and their journeys are discussed. In the fourth section we explore in more detail the unintended effects in the form of new areas of cooperation, including new forms of self-organization, local interest groups, and sanctuary movements. The final section summarizes the various unintended effects and offers recommendations for decision makers in the field of migration policy.

Both the interests of nation states to manage migration and the behavior of migrants during their individual journeys have mutually reinforcing effects on the design and functioning of contemporary migration regimes. This assumption has motivated the interdisciplinary approach of this volume. The aim is to understand how immigration policies affect migrants’ journeys and vice versa. We want to find out whether or not the assumptions that lead to the design of immigration policies reflect reality. Does border control prevent irregular immigration? And what is the role of the various actors, including the countries of origin, transit, and arrival, and the migrants themselves? In order to answer these questions, we bring together insights from political science and ethnographic field work—two disciplines which have so far debated their insights mainly within separate research frameworks. The articles take into account the interests of the migrants’ countries of origin, transit and arrival, as well as the motives and strategies of the migrants themselves. The resulting findings are relevant to both policy makers and scientific experts, but also to anyone interested in governing migration.

In this thesis, it is aimed to investigate and analyze the effect of meteorological conditions on airborne dust measured at Ovacik Open Pit Gold Mine. Meteorological data must be sound and reliable which are used mainly to design an air model to predict the effect of industrial sites on air quality during production. Wind speed, wind direction, airtemperature, air pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, evaporation and sunshine. are the parameters investigated in this study. In the thesis, the meteorological data observed are analyzed and discussed together with the airborne dust measured by MP101M Suspended Particulate Beta Gauge Monitor at Ovacik Gold Mine. In this study, the most significant meteorological parameter affecting airborne dust concentration is determined as air temperature. In this study, it is also determined through airborne dust measurements that neither the short-term limit nor the long-term limit has been exceeded. Therefore, the airborne dust concentrations at Ovacik Gold Mine comply with the Turkish Air Quality Control Regulation.

Dereliction of land by mining activities within the broad range of dereliction caused by other industrial and human activities was examined. Special attention was paid to impacts, mitigation, and costs thereof. Mine reclamation was examined in detail with special reference to professional interpretations. Mine reclamation bonding was studied with reference to environmental management planning so as to contribute to a forthcoming regulation concerning exactly these matters by providing a detailed listing of mining operations to be geared toward mine reclamation in Turkey&rsquo / s conditions and by providing key concepts in the inception of a draft regulation concerning mine reclamation as part of the EU accession program.

No description available.