À partir des années 1990 la reconnaissance est de plus en plus souvent un mot d’ordre des mobilisations de groupes professionnels. Aujourd’hui, les sociologues du travail s’approprient de nouveau cette notion aux origines ambivalentes, après les travaux de R. Sainsaulieu et de P. Bernoux de la fin des années 1980. Les entretiens menés auprès de salariés en France montrent que les attentes de reconnaissance se déploient en quatre registres, l’activité, les relations, la récompense et la personne. Le découpage de l’activité et l’intensification du travail empêchent l’exercice de soi et le sentiment d’utilité dans l’activité, dans un contexte où la crainte de la précarité confine le plus souvent les plaintes au niveau individuel. Une comparaison entre des ingénieurs en France et en Finlande fait ressortir la mesure du temps de travail comme condition de la reconnaissance de la contribution et de la vie hors travail. Les analyses menées sur l’Enquête européenne sur les conditions de travail 2010 confirment la structure des attentes de reconnaissance pour les salariés du secteur privé en France bien que celle-ci varie dans le reste de l’Europe. Enfin, un modèle de médiation- modération souligne le rôle déterminant de la reconnaissance dans la construction de la santé au travail, notamment lorsqu’une plus grande implication est attendue des salariés. / Since the 1990’s, recognition has taken on greater importance as a watchword for mobilization by occupatio- nal groups. Nowadays, Labour sociologists have again appropriated this notion that has ambivalent origins, after R. Sainsaulieu and P. Bernoux’s works from the late 1980’s. Interviews carried out with employees from different firms in France show that recognition expectations open out into four categories, activity, relation- ships, reward and the person. The cutting up of activity and work intensification prevent the deployment of self-hood as well as the feeling of usefulness in a context where the lack of job security tends to limit complaints to the individual level. A comparison between engineers in France and in Finland emphasize working time measurement as a necessary condition for one’s contribution as well as time off work to be recognised. Factor analysis using the data of the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 confirm the structure of recognition expectations for French employees from the private sector, whereas it differs in the other European countries. Finally, the elaboration of a mediation-moderation model provides results that underline the key role of recognition in the building of health at work, notably when a greater involvement is expected from employees.

La recherche vise à recueillir les représentations que les conseillers en missions locales ont de leurs métiers, des jeunes, de leurs pratiques professionnelles, de l’utilisation de l’Internet et des outils numériques de gestion au quotidien. Il s’agit d’identifier les relations entre l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et le stress perçu au travail. A partir des modèles et des travaux sur le stress professionnel (le stress perçu, les sources de stress au travail), 46 conseillers ont été rencontrés dont 35 ont été interrogés par entretiens semi-directifs. La recherche est complétée par une approche quantitative qui a permis de dresser une typologie des conseillers selon leur niveau de stress perçu, les éventuelles sources de leur stress au travail, leurs attentes pour le futur, leurs pratiques professionnelles et leur utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication au quotidien. Les résultats mettent en évidence que l’utilisation des technologies de l’information au travail contribue à l’évolution des pratiques professionnelles, à la transformation des représentations que les conseillers ont de leur métier, à une reconstruction de leurs identités professionnelles, à l’augmentation du niveau de stress perçu chez les conseillers les plus conservateurs et à l’épanouissement au travail des conseillers les plus innovateurs. / The study aims to collect the perceptions that the counselors working at career counseling have of their job, of the young people, of their professional practices and of their use of the Internet and the digital tools of management on a daily basis. The aim is to identify the relationship between the use of information technologies and perceived stress at work. Based on models and studies on work stress (perceived stress, sources of stress at work), 46 counselors were met, 35 of whom were interviewed through semi-directive interviews. The research is complemented by a quantitative approach that has helped us to develop a typology of counselors according to their level of perceived stress, to their perceived sources of stress at work, to their expectations for the future, to their professional practices and to their use of the information technologies at work. The results of our research show that the use of the information technologies at the workplace contributes to the evolution of professional practices, to the transformation of the perceptions that counselors have of their job and to a reconstruction of their professional identities. It seems that the use of information technologies at work increases the level of perceived stress of the most conservative counselors and it increases the feel of well-being at work of the most innovative counselors.

Abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / This research investigated work as a calling, the relationship with work engagement and the effect on burnout in the Namibian health care sector. A quantitative survey was conducted on a convenient sample of nurses (N = 261) employed by government and private hospitals in Namibia. Kendall's tau_b correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between job/calling orientation and total work engagement, and a negative correlation with the burnout sub-dimensions of exhaustion and cynicism/ depersonalisation. The results of this study also suggest that both job/calling and work engagement are statistically related to the respondents’ positive world view, which is an important attribute for quality of life. Additionally, the study revealed that burnout had a partial mediation effect on the interaction between job/calling and work engagement. Selected demographic characteristics had a partial moderation effect on the relationship between job/calling orientation, work engagement and burnout. These findings may provide new knowledge for the design of workplace practices that assess calling orientation, and may enhance work engagement. The study provided a deepened understanding of the interrelationships between work as a calling, work engagement and burnout. On a practical level, the recommendations provided can be used by human resource management practitioners, nurse managers and health care providers to motivate health care workers to become more productive in the provision of quality health care, and to improve the management of employees throughout their employment life cycle. / In hierdie studie is werk as ʼn roeping en die verband tussen werkverbintenis en die uitwerking van ooreising in die Namibiese gesondheidsorgsektor ondersoek. ʼn Kwantitatiewe opname is onder ʼn geriefsteekproef van verpleegsters (N = 261) by private en staatshospitale in Namibië gedoen. Volgens Kandall se tau_b-korrelasieanalise is daar ʼn positiewe korrelasie tussen pos/roepingsgerigtheid en totale werkverbintenis, en ʼn negatiewe korrelasie met die ooreisingsubdimensies van uitputting en sinisme/ontpersoonliking. Die uitslag van hierdie studie dui daarop dat sowel pos/roeping as werkverbintenis statisties met die respondente se positiewe wêreldbeskouing, ʼn belangrike kenmerk vir lewenskwaliteit, verband hou. Afgesien hiervan dui die uitslag daarop dat ooreising ʼn gedeeltelike mediasie-effek op die wisselwerking tussen pos/roeping en werkverbintenis het. Die gekose demografiese kenmerke het ʼn gedeeltelik matigende effek op die verband tussen pos/roepingsgerigtheid, werkverbintenis en ooreising. Hierdie bevindings is nuwe kennis vir die ontwerp van werkplekpraktyke wat roepingsgerigtheid evalueer en dit kan werkverbintenis verbeter. Hierdie studie bied groter insig in die onderlinge verbande tussen werk as ʼn roeping, werkverbintenis en ooreising. Op ʼn praktiese vlak kan mensehulpbronbestuurders, verpleegsterbestuurders en gesondheidsorgverskaffers die aanbevelings gebruik om gesondheidsorgwerkers te motiveer sodat hulle produktiewer in die lewering van goeie gesondheidsorgdienste raak. Dit kan eweneens gebruik word om gesondheidsorgwerkers hulle hele werkslewensiklus deur beter te bestuur. / Lolu cwaningo beluphenya umsebenzi njengobizo lomsebenzi, ubudlelwano bokuzibandakanya emsebenzini kanye nomthelela wokukhathala kakhulu kwabasebenzi emkhakheni wezempilo eNamibia. Isaveyi eyencike kumanani iye yenziwa ngokuthi kuthathwe isampuli efanele yabahlengikazi (N = 261) abaqashwe yizibhedlela zikahulumeni kanye nezibhedlela zangasese eNamibia. Uhlaziyo lukaKendall lwe-tau_b luveze ubudlelwano obuhle obuphakathi kobizo/kokufundiswa umsebenzi kanye nokuzibandakanya ngokugcwele emsebenzini, kanye nobudlelwano obubi bokukhathala kwezigatshana ezincane zokudangala kanye nokwenza into ngesizathu sokuzinceda wena wedwa/ukuqeda ukuzibheka wena wedwa. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo nayo iphakamisa ukuthi kokubili umsebenzi/nobizo lomsebenzi kanye nokuzibandakanya emsebenzini ngokwamanani kuhlobene nombono omuhle wabaphenduli bemibuzo mayelana nomhlaba, okungumthelela obalulekile kwizinga elihle lempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukukhathala kakhulu ngakolunye uhlangothi kunomphumela omuhle wokuxazulula kahle lapho kuhlangana khona umsebenzi/ubizo lomsebenzi kanye nokuzibandakanya emsebenzini. Izimpawu ezikhethiwe zedemografi ngakwenye ingxenye zinomthelela wozinzisa kahle ubudlelwano obuphakathi kohlelo lokungeniswa emsebenzi/obizweni lomsebenzi, kokuzibandakanya emsebenzini kanye nokukhathala kakhulu emsebenzini. Lolu lwazi olutholakele lungaletha ulwazi olusha olumayelana nedizayini yezingqubo zendawo yomsebenzi, okuyizingqubo ezihlola ukufundiswa ngobizo lomsebenzi kanti lokhu kungaqinisa ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini. Empilweni yangempela, izincomo zingasetshenziswa abasebenzi bomnyango wezokuqhashwa kwabasebenzi, abaphathi babahlengikazi kanye nabahlinzeki bezempilo ngesizathu sokukhuthaza abasebenzi bezempilo ukuba babe abasebenzi abaqotho mayelana nokunikezwa kwezinsiza zempilo zezinga eliphezulu, kanyenokuthuthukisa nohlelo lokuphathwa kwabasebenzi empilweni yabo yonke yokusebenza. / Business Management / D. Com. (Business Management)