Die Arbeit bietet einleitend einen ausführlichen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand sowohl im Bereich der transformationalen Führung als auch im Bereich der Übereinstimmung von Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungen von Führungsverhalten. In einer Fragebogenstudie in der Automobilindustrie wurden von 210 Personen Führungsbeurteilungen aus der Selbst-, Aufwärts- und Abwärtsperspektive (270°-Beurteilung) sowie verschiedene subjektive Erfolgsratings (Arbeitszufriedenheit, Arbeitsmotivation, Leistung, Wohlbefinden) eingeholt. Es ergaben sich kaum Zusammenhänge zwischen den Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungen, während die beiden Fremdperspektiven in mittlerer Höhe positiv miteinander korrelieren. Weiter zeigte sich ein deutlich negativer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Ausmaß der interperspektivischen Diskrepanz (Selbst-Aufwärts, Selbst-Abwärts, Aufwärts-Abwärts) und den Erfolgskriterien. Regressionsanalysen führen zu dem Schluss, dass die Güte der Personalführung selbst aber mindestens genauso stark in Betracht gezogen werden muss wie die Beurteilungsdiskrepanz, woraus sich wichtige Implikationen für die populär gewordene Methode des 360°-Feedbacks ergeben. Zukünftig sollte neben der Selbst-Fremd-Übereinstimmung außerdem stärker auf Fremd-Fremd-Übereinstimmungen geachtet werden, da diese mindestens ebenso viel Erfolgsvarianz erklären und sogar inkrementelle Validität über die Selbst-Fremd-Diskrepanz hinaus aufweisen. Dieses Ergebnis verweist auf einen bisher unerforschten Wirkungsmechanismus von Personalführung. / The assignment offers introductorily a detailed survey on the current level of research regarding transformational leadership as well as agreement of self and other appraisals of leadership behaviour. In a questionnaire survey carried out in the automobile industry 210 persons rated leadership behaviour from a self, upwards and downwards perspective (270° assessment) as well as several success criteria (job satisfaction, job motivation, performance, well-being). There was hardly any correlation between the self and other ratings, whereas both other perspectives correlated with each other positively at middle level. Furthermore a clear negative correlation was shown between the extent of the interperspective discrepancy (self-upwards, self-downwards, upwards-downwards) and the outcome criteria. The results of regression analyses show that the quality of leadership, however, must be taken as much into account as assessment discrepancies, resulting in important implications for the increasing popularity of the 360° feedback method. In future, beside self-other congruities more importance should be placed on the other-other ones, as they explain at least as much variance and even show incremental validity over the self-other discrepancy suggesting a leadership mechanism, which has yet to be explored.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze the employee appraisal system in a particular company by comparing its practical application with a theoretical knowledge and consequently to assess the findings and propose the possible changes, which might improve the effectiveness of the company's appraisal system. This diploma thesis is divided into two parts -- theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the information about the meaning and purpose of the employee appraisal system, about the employee performance management and its connection to the employee appraisal system, the relation between the appraisal system and the employee reward and development system. Furthermore, it discusses the areas of the employee assessment, its methods and processes. The practical part of this thesis describes the observed company and the analysis of the appraisal system applied in the company. The analysis is conducted in the three steps -- the first step is the analysis of the current assessment system and its comparison with the general theoretical principles. The second step is the interview with the company's managing and operational employees to identify their level of satisfaction with the current appraisal system used in the company. In the last step results of the analysis are listed including identified strengths and weaknesses of the current system and the recommendations are proposed for future actions.

Die Arbeit bietet einleitend einen ausführlichen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand sowohl im Bereich der transformationalen Führung als auch im Bereich der Übereinstimmung von Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungen von Führungsverhalten. In einer Fragebogenstudie in der Automobilindustrie wurden von 210 Personen Führungsbeurteilungen aus der Selbst-, Aufwärts- und Abwärtsperspektive (270°-Beurteilung) sowie verschiedene subjektive Erfolgsratings (Arbeitszufriedenheit, Arbeitsmotivation, Leistung, Wohlbefinden) eingeholt. Es ergaben sich kaum Zusammenhänge zwischen den Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungen, während die beiden Fremdperspektiven in mittlerer Höhe positiv miteinander korrelieren. Weiter zeigte sich ein deutlich negativer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Ausmaß der interperspektivischen Diskrepanz (Selbst-Aufwärts, Selbst-Abwärts, Aufwärts-Abwärts) und den Erfolgskriterien. Regressionsanalysen führen zu dem Schluss, dass die Güte der Personalführung selbst aber mindestens genauso stark in Betracht gezogen werden muss wie die Beurteilungsdiskrepanz, woraus sich wichtige Implikationen für die populär gewordene Methode des 360°-Feedbacks ergeben. Zukünftig sollte neben der Selbst-Fremd-Übereinstimmung außerdem stärker auf Fremd-Fremd-Übereinstimmungen geachtet werden, da diese mindestens ebenso viel Erfolgsvarianz erklären und sogar inkrementelle Validität über die Selbst-Fremd-Diskrepanz hinaus aufweisen. Dieses Ergebnis verweist auf einen bisher unerforschten Wirkungsmechanismus von Personalführung. / The assignment offers introductorily a detailed survey on the current level of research regarding transformational leadership as well as agreement of self and other appraisals of leadership behaviour. In a questionnaire survey carried out in the automobile industry 210 persons rated leadership behaviour from a self, upwards and downwards perspective (270° assessment) as well as several success criteria (job satisfaction, job motivation, performance, well-being). There was hardly any correlation between the self and other ratings, whereas both other perspectives correlated with each other positively at middle level. Furthermore a clear negative correlation was shown between the extent of the interperspective discrepancy (self-upwards, self-downwards, upwards-downwards) and the outcome criteria. The results of regression analyses show that the quality of leadership, however, must be taken as much into account as assessment discrepancies, resulting in important implications for the increasing popularity of the 360° feedback method. In future, beside self-other congruities more importance should be placed on the other-other ones, as they explain at least as much variance and even show incremental validity over the self-other discrepancy suggesting a leadership mechanism, which has yet to be explored.

Leadership theories have evolved since their inception and leadership development should also evolve in response to the changing needs of their organizations. There is a gap in the literature on the functionality of the various 360-feedback platforms that are mentioned in literature which makes it difficult to understand what reporting functionality is available in existing systems. The goal of this study was to examine participants' views of a newly developed Adaptive Learning 360-feedback (AL360) treatment platform for leadership development with a focus on self-directed learning for improved accountability. Participants were asked to share their learning development experience in the areas of person, process, and context with suggestions for improvement and how did this development compare to any other leadership development that they had experienced in the past. The AL360 platform was built by applying the research findings of scholars in the areas of leadership, 360-feedback leadership development and educational technologies. The treatment was applied in a business setting for all levels of leadership development. The case study identified creation of leadership of self-awareness and accountability for development without significant intervention of an executive coach. The research findings also list improvement opportunities, limitations, and future considerations.

Le recours au coaching comme outil de développement des cadres a augmenté de manière exponentielle au cours de cette dernière décennie. Cependant, les études empiriques sur l’impact du coaching professionnel et les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans celui-ci restent rares.<p>Notre recherche vise à répondre à ce manque en étudiant (a) l’impact d’une intervention de coaching professionnel sur les compétences managériales, l’intelligence émotionnelle, le bien-être et l’atteinte des objectifs, (b) les facteurs qui jouent un rôle dans le succès de l’intervention et les mécanismes par lesquels le coaching produit du changement chez les individus.<p>Pour étudier ces questions, une étude longitudinale a été menée sur 50 cadres à haut-potentiel d’une grande entreprise de télécommunications. Les cadres étaient répartis aléatoirement entre le groupe expérimental (25 participants) et le groupe contrôle (25 participants). L’ensemble des participants a passé une évaluation à 360° de leurs compétences managériales, ainsi que différents questionnaires d’intelligence émotionnelle, de personnalité et de bien-être. Suite à ces évaluations, les 25 participants du groupe expérimental ont reçu 7 sessions de coaching étalées sur un an. L’année suivante, les 50 participants ont repassé les mêmes tests. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont ensuite été menés avec les participants du groupe expérimental afin de recueillir leurs auto-évaluations et perceptions des facteurs qui ont joué un rôle déterminant dans leur évolution. Toutes les sessions de coaching ont été données par le même coach, l’auteur de l’étude, afin de stabiliser et de contrôler la méthodologie de coaching adoptée avec les différents participants.<p>Les analyses statistiques sur les données quantitatives indiquent un impact positif et significatif du coaching sur les compétences managériales et l’atteinte des objectifs de développement. L’impact sur l’intelligence émotionnelle et le bien-être dépend lui des dimensions spécifiques considérées. Les analyses qualitatives des entretiens rétrospectifs menés avec les coachés mettent en évidence les différents facteurs vécus comme clés par ceux-ci, ainsi que les mécanismes par lesquels ces facteurs impactent le succès de l’intervention de coaching.<p>Les implications théoriques et pratiques de ces résultats sont discutées, notamment en termes de compréhension des mécanismes de changement à l’œuvre dans le coaching et d’amélioration des dispositifs de coaching et de formation professionnelle des coachs.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the governance of educational staff output in the nursery environment. The thesis highlights the need for governance based on the control of human resources agreed between the nursery director and the educational staff regarding the future work output. The theoretical part is concerned with the interactions between governance and personal work effort. The key terms of personal work effort, governance and the content of work output are defined in accordance with expert literature. The practical part deals with research investigations within the nursery environment with the aim of analysing the governance of educational staff. It will provide information as to whether nursery directors have formal governance contract in place with their staff with respect to the expected work output and whether the educational staff have a plan of personal development. It will additionaly analyse how both nursery directors and educational staff use the assessment of their future work and whether the staff are provided with feedback. A questionnaire will be used to enable the research. Based on the questionnaire results a semi-structured interview with the nursery director and analysis of nursery documents will be conducted.

面對多元化、國際化及全球競爭的壓力，私人企業莫不採行新的績效管理制度，來創造員工、管理者及組織三贏之局面。公部門面對資源相對有限，民眾要求與日俱增之窘況，欲改進績效管理並縮小顧客不滿意之缺口，應透過全方位回饋訊息之蒐集，將民意轉化為施政知識，鼓勵人力資源管理能創新改革，以建構人力資源組織的策略地圖，因此，接受多元評估已是無法避免之趨勢。 本研究擬透過文獻分析法、問卷調查法及質化訪談法，從臺北市政府員工認知之觀點，來探究360度回饋模式在臺北市政府實施之可行性，進一步提出臺北市政府實施該模式之構想與建議。 本文計分為五章，第一章說明研究動機、目的及相關概念之界定；第二章為相關文獻之檢視，萃取國內外實證研究中影響360度回饋模式實施之相關因素，以建構第三章問卷設計及質化訪談內容；第四章則從員工認知觀點對「不同評估來源」及「360度回饋模式實施可行性」，進行知覺、差異及相關性之實證分析；第五章則針對研究發現，提出實務上的改進建議及後續研究者未來思考的新方向。 經由本研究發現，在量化問卷部分：（一）不同評估來源方面：員工認為透過不同評估來源者所提供之評估訊息，確實能提高信任感、改善彼此關係及提昇工作效率。（二）360度回饋模式實施之可行性方面：高達66.4%的受訪者支持在臺北市政府實施該模式；選擇由誰擔任評估者較適合，則以其它（視業務相關的利害關係人而定或核稿的其他長官）、自己及外部顧客（民眾）居多；以及不同評估者所提供的回饋訊息應有不同權重之限制。在質化問卷部分：八位受訪者中有五位（占63%）認為該模式在公部門應屬可行，能補充現行由上而下考核制度之不足，並針對可能遭遇的阻礙及每一類別評估者的考評分數應否有一定權重限制等，提出諸多寶貴建議。 最後，根據以上的研究發現，筆者提出對政策、組織及實務操作等三種層面的建議，在臺北市政府推動行政變革作為改進組織績效時，不妨擷取360度全方位回饋模式之精髓，並參考國外政府及企業界實行該模式之成功經驗，設計一套可補充或替換目前績效評估方式不足的評估方法。 關鍵詞：人力資源管理、績效管理、績效評估、傳統績效評估方式、360度回饋模式 / Facing the pressure of diversity, nationalization and global competition, enterprises have been adopting new performance management systems to create the win-win situation between employees and organizations. For public sector, the resources are relatively limited, and the demand of citizens is gradually growing. In order to improve the performance management and minimize the gap of customer dissatisfaction, government should collect the over-all feedback message, translate public opinions into policy context, encourage innovative human resource management. Therefore, it’s necessary to implement multi-source assessment in public sector. This study is aimed at exploring the feasibility of 360° feedback model in Taipei City Government (TCG) from the employees’ perspectives, and offering the suggestion about how to implemented this model in TCG in the future. The research methods in this study include: literature review, questionnaire survey and interview method. This study consists of 5 chapters. In Chapter 1, the motives and objectives of the study are mentioned, and the definitions of relative concepts are clarified. In Chapter 2, the relative literatures are reviewed and the factors that will influence the implementation of 360°feedback model are abstracted from domestic and foreign studies, in order to construct the quantitative and qualitative questionnaires in Chapter3 . Chapter 4 is about the positive analysis on “different evaluation sources” and “the feasibility of implementing 360°feedback model” from employee’s perspective. Based on the research findings, some suggestions and recommendations of practice and further research are offered in Chapter 5. The research findings include two parts. First, in the part of quantitative questionnaire, some conclusions have inducted: 1) about different rater sources: employees do believe that multi-source evaluation indeed could increase trust, improve relationship, and enhance efficiency. 2) about the feasibility of 360° feedback model: (A)Over 66.4% responders agree to implement 360° feedback model in TCG; (B) Majority of responders would choice the item “others” (stakeholders related with business or other superiors charged with official papers), “myself” and external customers (citizens) as the proper evaluators; (C) The feedback messages from different evaluators should be given certain limitation in weight. Second, in the part of qualitative interview, 5 of 8 (63%) interviewees thought 360°feedback model is feasible in public sector, and can compensate the shortcomings of current top-down performance system. They also offered many precious opinions and suggestions in themes such as: how to overcome the possible obstacles, and if we should limit the weights of scores from different evaluators. Ultimately, according to the research findings above, this study presents many helpful suggestions from the aspects of policy, organization and practice. If the officials of TCG would like improve the performance through administrative reform, they can adopt the spirit and essence of 360°feedback model, and learn the successful foreign experiences both from public and private sectors, then develop a performance assessment model that can compensate or even replace the current one. Key words: Human Resource Management, Performance Management, Performance Assessment, Traditional Performance Assessment Model, 360°Feedback Model.