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No description available.

This study was performed within a major drinks company in the UK. The overall objective was to develop a formal, structured and measurable safety management system appropriate for the company. The system had to be effective for all sites and operations and be consistent with developing international standards. A comprehensive review of performance measurement, both positive and negative, was carried out. Measurements had to be practical and useful within the operating environment - showing real, understandable change over short periods of time. The study also considered the roles of individuals in relation to safety and pursued the active engagement of employees in the safety program. The success was that the profile of safety management was raised beyond recognition within the company; and was eventually integral to the way that the company managed its business. The system provided a mechanism to allow the company to progress. The study demonstrates what can be done, and what cannot. An interesting by-product of the study is that by changing hard systems, some soft factors have also changed. The study was intended to impact upon the core safety management systems and control measures, but over the period of study some people have changed their attitude and perhaps changed their behaviour. The main constraints to the study were that production came first and that senior management constantly changed. The amount of money available to spend on the improvement of safety standards was limited and also secondary to the requirements of production. Within the company there was almost constant change of personnel and operating structure. This problem was countered in part by the development of consistent, documented safety management systems. It was clear, however, that lasting improvements in safety can only achieved by the involvement of the actual work force.

Adsorption of heavy metal ions (e.g. copper, nickel and lead) onto sphagnum moss peat was investigated. The influence of pH, concentration, temperature, nature of solute, number of solutes simultaneously present, peat dose and reaction time on batch adsorption equilibria and kinetics tests were examined. Batch adsorption of copper and nickel onto peat was pH dependent, the optimum range being 4.0 to 5.0 for copper and 4.0 to 7.0 for nickel. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showed a single relationship between initial metal concentration, metal removal, and initial pH. The latter was found to control efficiency of metal removal. The use of peat in removal of lead from aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments. Investigations included the effect of pH and temperature of adsorption. The adsorption equilibria data followed Langmuir and Freundlich models. Efficiency of lead removal depended very little on the reaction temperatures (12 to 37°C) and initial pH values (4.0 to 6.0). The results suggested that the adsorption process is endothermic for lead-peat adsorption. Kinetic data suggested involvement of a chemical rate-limiting step, and a predictive relationship was derived relating metal removal to peat dose. In comparison with other metals, nickel removal is poor, and possible reasons are discussed. Kinetic results also indicated that pore diffusion is not the only rate determining step in peat metal adsorption. A rate equation is described for the study of the kinetics of adsorption of aqueous divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss peat for a range of conditions. An empirical model was devised for predicting percentage metal ion adsorbed. The model showed a high coefficient of correlation, indicating its reasonableness. The last section describes the results of an examination into the simultaneous adsorption by peat of several metals. Initially copper and nickel from both single- and bi-solute systems were tested. In general, pore diffusion appeared to be the rate-controlling step. The effects of competitive adsorption in batch systems for copper and nickel system was also studied in various ratios of metal concentration. A mathematical model was used successfully and shown to be predictive for various ratio of metal ions concentration in competitive adsorption. The dose effect on the uptake of metals on moss peat was also studied for bi-solute adsorption systems. The best interpretation which could be placed on the data was that the behaviour of nickel was unusual. The results also showed that the kinetics of adsorption were best described by a second-order expression rather than a first-order model. For metal ions which are of different size but are divalent metal ions, we used lead(II) and copper(II) as well as lead(II) and nickel(II) systems. The effects of competitive adsorption in batch systems indicated that copper had a greater effect on lead adsorption than did nickel. However, lead had a greater effect on nickel than copper. A copper, lead and nickel triple-solute system was also tested. The adsorption of any single metal such as copper, lead and nickel was hindered by the presence of the other metals. The competitive effect appears to have affected the three ions in the order nickel > lead > copper with nickel affected most; the adsorption capacity for each solute from the mixed solution was 15.9, 57.4 and 71.5% of that of a single-solute system for copper, lead and nickel, respectively. The kinetic results showed that the heavy metals are adsorbed fairly rapidly, and that there is a relatively good fit between experimental data and the second order model for copper, lead and nickel.

Klimawandelbedingte bzw. potenziell klimawandelbedingte Umweltmigration ist ein sehr komplexes und breites Feld. Es existiert eine Fülle von Studien, die sich in ihrer Herangehensweise unterscheiden, weshalb hier ein Systematisierungsvorschlag aufgezeigt wird. Mittels einer an den Richtlinien der Grounded Theory orientierten Analyse wurden Studien auf zentrale gemeinsame Kategorien hin untersucht und als Modell präsentiert. Dieses stellt jedoch kein abgeschlossenes System dar, sondern dient durch seine Offenheit als Gerüst, das mit Ergebnissen aus weiteren Fallstudien gefestigt werden kann. / (Potentially) climate change-induced migration constitutes a complex and broad field of research. A multitude of studies exists with different approaches to the topic. Within this range of approaches, it is the aim of this research to make a proposal for a systematisation of the topic. By carrying out a Grounded Theory-oriented analysis, we screened case studies for common categories to provide a conceptual model. The result of the investigation is a framework which can be extended by findings of other case studies.

Vietnam has about 2,000 trade villages locating mainly in the north. Duong Lieu village in Hoai Duc, Hanoi, is one of the key areas of agricultural production and food processing. However, this area is affected by serious environmental pollution, particularly caused by solid waste and wastewater. Solid wastes of the starch production process from arrowroot are disposed in large amounts and represent the main reason for environmental pollution in Duong Lieu village. These wastes are present anywhere in this village, for example on the main road, in gardens, event fill in ponds and ditches. The components of the dried arrowroot waste are mainly carbon-rich substances such as starch (5%), cellulose (90%) and N, P, K (0.5%; 0.11%; 0.16%, respectively). The fresh arrowroot waste has humidity of up to 80%. This substrate is suitable for culture of straw mushroom and oyster mushroom. The mushrooms use cellulose as carbon source for their growth. Therefore, waste from arrowroot that can be recycled efficiently by the biological method for culturing mushrooms. This treatment method is suitable to the conditions of Vietnam because it does not only reduce waste residues but also is environmentally friendly. / Việt nam có khoảng 2000 làng nghề và tập trung chủ yếu ở miền Bắc. Dương Liễu là một trong những vùng trọng điểm chế biến nông sản thực phẩm. Song hiện tại khu vực này đang bị ô nhiễm môi trường nghiêm trọng,đặc biệt ô nhiễm rác thải và nước thải. Chất thải rắn của quá trình chế biến tinh bột từ củ dong là rất lớn. Nó có mặt khắp nơi từ trong nhà ra ngoài ngõ thậm chí lấp đầy cống rãnh, ao hồ. Đây chính là nguyên nhân gây nên ô nhiễm môi trường vùng làng nghề. Thành phần của bã dong rất giàu cellulose (90%), tinh bột (5%) và có cả nitơ, photpho, kali tương với 0,5%, 0,11% và 0,16%; độ ẩm của bã dong tươi lên tới 80%. Cơ chất này thích hợp để trồng nấm rơm và nấm sò. Bởi các loại nấm này sử dụng cellulose là nguồn cung cấp cacbon chính để sinh trưởng. Do vậy, bã thải từ củ dong có thể được tái sử dụng hiệu quả bằng phương pháp sinh học như là dùng trồng nấm. Đây là một sự lựa chọn phù hợp với điều kiện Việt Nam, vừa giảm thiểu chất thải dư thừa vừa thân thiện với môi trường.

The Vietnamese science and high education system plays a major role in the country’s social and economical development. Due to a mixed influence of international education systems, the contribution of the Vietnamese research to the international scientific landscape is still modest. Over the past decades, the most scientific programmes focused mostly on rather theoretical sciences and less on applied sciences. The results are reflected by a rather low rate of international publications on experimental science. Together with the country’s efforts on the efficient use of natural resources, there is an urgent demand for strengthening the scientific activity on environmental sciences. The new Journal of Vietnamese Environment was created to respond to the increasing interest in environmental research. The journal was founded as part of an academic network initiated by the Dresden University of Technology in the framework of Vietnamese-German cooperation programs on training and education. With multidisciplinary fields of interest and several types of manuscripts, the journal has a predominant academic character, the submission of manuscripts is open to students, graduates, researchers and staff members of research and academic institutions, as well as to any individual willing to disseminate the knowledge about the management of Vietnamese environment. / Hệ thống khoa học và giáo dục đại học Việt Nam đóng vai trò quan trọng trong sự phát triển kinh tế và xã hội của đất nước. Trong xu hướng giao thoa mạnh mẽ giữa các hệ thống giáo dục quốc tế, đóng góp của các nhà nghiên cứu ở Việt Nam cho cộng đồng khoa học quốc tế còn khiêm tốn. Trong những thập niên qua, hầu hết các hoạt động khoa học tập trung vào khoa học lý thuyết hơn là các lĩnh vực khoa học ứng dụng. Điều này đã được phản ánh qua tỷ lệ khá thấp các ấn phẩm quốc tế về khoa học thực nghiệm. Cùng với những nỗ lực của đất nước để sử dụng hiệu quả các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên, một nhu cầu cấp bách đặt ra là tăng cường các hoạt động nghiên cứu về khoa học môi trường. Tạp chí Môi trường Việt Nam ra đời nhằm hưởng ứng sự quan tâm ngày một gia tăng trong nghiên cứu môi trường. Tạp chí được thành lập như một phần của mạng lưới học thuật được đề xuất bởi Trường Đại học Tổng hợp Kỹ Thuật Dresden trong khuôn khổ chương trình hợp tác Việt Nam - CHLB Đức về đào tạo và giáo dục. Với mối quan tâm đa ngành và đa dạng trong ấn phẩm, tạp chí chủ yếu mang tính học thuật, cơ hội gửi đăng bài viết mở rộng cho cả sinh viên, kỹ sư / cử nhân, nghiên cứu viên và các thành viên của Viện nghiên cứu và giáo dục, các cá nhân có mong muốn phổ biến kiến thức về quản lý môi trường ở Việt Nam.

The present paper summarizes the results of an application initiated within the framework of 35 years celebration of diplomatic relations between Germany and Vietnam. Within this context, the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) and the Academy of Managers for Construction and Cities (AMC) jointly organized in 2010 a series of four thematic workshops. The one-day events have had similar structures and focused on main subjects of interest in the water sectors of both countries. In Vietnam, the workshops took place in Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Nha Trang and Vung Tau. Best practice examples about conceptualization, operation and maintenance of municipal water works provided an insight view into the challenges currently faced by the water service providers. TUD and AMC, together with their German and Vietnamese partners, addressed these issues by organizing the consecutive workshops under the umbrella of Vietnamese Water Supply and Sewerage Association (VWSA) and in coordination with the German Water Partnership (GWP). / Bài báo trình bày tóm tắt các kết quả của một đề xuất trong khuôn khổ kỷ niệm 35 năm quan hệ ngoại giao giữa CHLB Đức và Việt Nam. Theo đó, Trường Đại học Tổng hợp Kỹ Thuật Dresden (TUD) và Học viện Quản lý Xây dựng và Đô thị (AMC) đã phối hợp tổ chức một chuỗi bốn hội thảo chuyên đề trong năm 2010. Mỗi hội thảo thực hiện trong một ngày chương trình giống nhau và tập trung vào các chủ đề chính mà cả hai quốc gia đều quan tâm trong lĩnh vực nước. Phía Việt Nam, các hội thảo được tổ chức ở các thành phố Hà Nội, Hải Phòng, Nha Trang và Vũng Tàu. Nhiều bài thuyết trình về khái niệm hóa, vận hành và bảo dưỡng các công trình cấp nước đô thị đã thảo luận sâu về những thách thức mà các dịch vụ cấp nước đang gặp phải. TUD và AMC, kết hợp với các đối tác CHLB Đức và Việt Nam, đã ghi nhận các vấn đề phát sinh thông qua việc tổ chức nhiều hội thảo liên tục dưới sự bảo trợ của Hiệp hội Cấp thoát nước Việt Nam (VWSA) và Hiệp hội nước CHLB Đức (GWP).