Background: Continuity of care (CC) is associated with increased rates of engagement with drug treatment, and drug treatment is associated with reductions in crime. However, performance rates of CC reflecting the prison-to-community transition for substance misusing prisoners (SMP) are low and, although guidance is extensive, non-clinical quantitative research describing this key process point within the UK criminal justice healthcare pathway is limited. Objectives: From a systems perspective, utilising a bespoke prison-to-community CC counting mechanism, this study aimed to: establish whether CC is associated with improved rates of drug treatment engagement, reduced waiting times and rates of return-to-prison (RTP); evaluate the impact on those measures post the introduction of the reconfigured single service delivery model ‘InsideOut’. Also, given this study’s pilot introduction of the statutory drugs data collection system into the local prison, describe a ‘first look’ pre-incarceration client treatment outcomes profile (TOP). Design: Observational, encompassing a quasi-experimental (before and after) analysis of impact. Participants: Adult, male substance misusing prisoners (N = 808) transitioning from the prison system to a local community drug partnership between April 1st 2008 and March 31st 2012. Results: ‘System’ level prison-to-community CC was associated with increased rates of and reduced waiting times to drug treatment. The introduction of the InsideOut service was associated with a stepped change in performance. Compared to individuals engaged with community recovery, SMPs reported a significant deterioration in all outcome domains prior to incarceration. Conclusions: Whilst the increased rates of prison-to-community continuity of care reported here were supported by the UK Department of Health’s statutory reporting mechanism, the decreased rates of return-to-prison contradicted UK Home Office reoffending outputs. Analysis of the national administrative statutory health and crime datasets is suggested to address this and other issues associated with study power, confounding and validity.

This project explores the contemporary history of segregation in Scottish prisons, focusing on measures of ‘special handling’ particularly the network of small units that was operative between the 1950s and the 1990s. Scotland has a complicated, troubling, idiosyncratic and, to a lesser degree, inspiring tradition of special handling measures, involving generic punishment blocks, anachronistic isolation units, highly innovative specialist units, ‘safe’ and ‘silent’ cells, and more collective segregation spaces such as vulnerable prisoners wings. Such sites have provoked considerable attention across public and political arenas; they have been sources of shame, pride, criticism and confusion; in specific penal moments, they have been experienced by prisoners (and officers) as warzones, sanctuaries, coffins and creative spaces; and, in terms of efficacy, they have both exacerbated and ameliorated the behavioural difficulties of the prisoners contained within them. The objectives of this research are (1) to chronologically map the evolution of key segregation sites, attending to the external pressures that have informed the policies, procedures and rules governing their protean use, (2) to explore the impact of particular environmental factors on the initial design, operation and, subsequently, the closure of these sites, and (3) to reflect on the relationship between space and the ways individuals have understood, coped with, and in various ways ‘acted-out’ their segregated confinement. Deciding who, how and why to segregate prisoners raises questions of a conceptual, operational, political, and moral nature. But deciding where to segregate prisoners situates such questions within the physical constraints and potentialities of space. By adopting a spatial-temporal approach, this research straddles disciplines, utilising the methods of penal history, prison sociology, and – though in a more approximate manner – the steadily burgeoning sub-discipline of carceral geography. Additionally, by marshalling a number of personal testimonies, this history attempts to capture the emotional resonances of segregation – how it feels to actually live and work in ‘prisons within prisons’.

The expansion of prison privatisation presents distinctive traits. One of them is its peculiar temporal expansion in a comparative point of view. This research focuses on the intrastate temporal expansion and more specifically in the case of England and Wales. What is researched is the reason behind the delay in the emergence of prison privatisation, in other words the asynchrony between the introduction of general and prison privatisation policies. This Thesis rejects explanatory frameworks based on historical analogies, pragmatic concerns or economic arguments and puts the explanation in a discourse of political interaction. In this framework, previous approaches related to the concept of globalisation, commodification of citizenry and political culture do not provide either suitable analytical tools in explaining the asynchrony in question. This research, instead, aims to bring forward the class struggle as catalytic agent in criminal justice system developments using a Structural Marxist concept of the State and its transformations. In the Capitalist Mode of Production the State acquires a unifying role among the contradicting classes by promoting the supposed general interest of the society, in order to allow the continuation of class domination and labour exploitation. This is feasible through the constantly unfolding hegemonic strategy which organizes the cohesion of the power bloc and disorganizes the dominated classes. Hegemonic strategy substantiates in the State Apparatuses which is not just a tool for policy making but rather a point where contradicting class powers condense; policy formation as such reflects the vector of class power in the apparatuses. Hegemonic strategy is set in motion by the State Personnel which is relatively independent knot in the transmission of domination between the power bloc and the dominated classes. State transformations are indications of this strategy since they inscribe in the structure of the State the vector of the class struggle. Hegemonic strategy took interesting contours after the mid-‘60s. The capital over-accumulation crisis on the one hand and on the other Authoritarian Statism promoted extensive State transformations as in the case of privatisations. Massive reactions, however, caused by the labour movement, required their containment and consequently a smoothly operating criminal justice system. The entrenchment of prison officers, therefore, from the wider changes in the labour status became crucial and a state transformation in itself, although by absence. This explains the delay of prison privatisation which appears indeed at the end of a long socially unstable period.

This diploma work deals with a product and service comparison of office suites accessible through a web browser. The author will also compare the advantages and disadvantages of using the desktop and on-line versions. The main benefit of this work is the introduction of cloud-based services and the research results, which could be used by managers of IT departments. This work should help on deciding the right solution in the sphere of cooperation and facilitation of work. Last but not least is the comparison of financial solutions.

Aims: To explore female secure forensic mental health (FMH) patients’ therapeutic relationship (TR) quality; the impact of witnessed, or perpetrated, violence upon psychological wellbeing and TRs; and perceived beneficial support following exposure to violence within the units. Background: Female FMH patients possess unique vulnerabilities, psychological and offending profiles; have commonly experienced early childhood trauma, attracted Borderline Personality Disorder diagnoses, and by definition appear highly likely to witness or perpetrate violence. In other settings, strong TRs are consistently associated with positive outcomes, their significance is highlighted within FMH literature yet it is unknown how female FMH patients experience TRs with their clinical teams, or how witnessing or perpetrating violence affects these relationships. Methodology: Qualitative methodology was employed within an interpretivist paradigm. 8 females were recruited through purposive homogenous sampling, across low and medium secure units. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data was analysed by means of thematic analysis. Results: Twenty themes, and accompanying subthemes, were extracted from participants' data. TRs are experienced as challenging, complex, multi-faceted; and impact upon wellbeing and recovery. Violence is perceived as ‘normal’, however incidents have a profoundly negative psychological impact, and affect journeys of recovery. Managing exposure to violence involves the need for patients to take care of themselves. Staff were perceived as trying their best but often getting it wrong, participants expressed the need for pro-active staff involvement. Participants perceived the damage caused to TRs by incidents, as predominantly due to negative changes in staff behaviours. Conclusions: TRs serve a variety of important functions for female secure FMH patients. Witnessing or perpetrating violence negatively impacts upon TRs, wellbeing and recovery. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research, psychodynamic and systemic theories. Implications are discussed regarding: the development and maintenance of TRs, improving psychological containment, FMH workforce development, and the broader management of violence.

The aim of this diploma thesis called "Cloud services utilization at Czech universities" is to compare services of Office 365 and G Suite and to evaluate their use at public universities in the Czech Republic which is examined on the basis of qualitative research. The thesis contains six parts. The first chapter characterizes the concept of cloud, its advantages, disadvantages and its models: delivery models and deployment models. The second and third parts describe the history and pricing plans of Office 365 and G Suite. Selected services for education plans are described and then compared from the schools' point of view within the fourth chapter. The fifth part focuses on the experience of cloud services (Microsoft or Google) at selected universities in the Czech Republic with the aim of identifying impulses, barriers, experiences, ideas and recommendations which could serve other colleges and which are summarized in the final part.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / El proyecto de análisis de jurisprudencia, del Departamento de Ciencias Penales, nace a partir de la necesidad de dar una debida actualización y complementación al Repertorio de Legislación y Jurisprudencia del Código Penal y sus Leyes Complementarias, en tanto éste constituye una importante herramienta para la interpretación y aplicación de las leyes, siendo de gran utilidad para el ejercicio de la profesión legal y el análisis crítico de las normas. Así, lo que se busca con la revisión de jurisprudencia es una correcta actualización de las discusiones legales que se dan en nuestros tribunales de justicia con el fin de contribuir al debate legal y enriquecer las controversias que ocurren en sede judicial. Con ello, se tiene una visión amplia del devenir jurídico en el siglo XXI, considerando aquellas controversias de importancia en cuanto a la trascendencia de la sanción, el efecto de las modificaciones legales sufridas por un gran número de artículos del Código Penal, así como la aplicación práctica de una serie de normas

Background: Ex-armed forces personnel constitute 3.5% of the prison population in England and Wales but we know little about why some former service personnel end up in prison. Furthermore, understanding what the mental health needs of this group are and how to meet them will inform service delivery and offending prevention strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the mental health needs, and explore the pathways to offending, of ex-armed forces personnel in prison. Methods: A mixed methods design was used. A researcher administered questionnaire collected demographic information; details of pre-service; military experience; circumstances post-armed forces; and a detailed assessment of mental health of 105 male ex-armed forces personnel in prison. Their healthcare and offending records were accessed to record any formal mental health diagnoses and details of previous offending. Two studies made up the qualitative arm of the study: study 1 used semi-structured interviews (n = 20) to explore the pathways to offending of ex-armed forces personnel in prison from their perspective and study 2 employed semi-structured interviews with prisoners (n = 10) and a focus group with professionals (n = 5) to explore the service needs and treatment barriers of former service personnel in prison. Results: Of 105 participants, 40 (38%) screened positively for a current common mental health (CCMH) problem (i.e. depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and a high prevalence of alcohol misuse was assessed (n = 59, 56%). Over half of the sample were serving their first custodial sentence (n = 58, 55%). Violent offences were the most common index offence (n = 34, 32%) and the majority of the sample had previous convictions recorded (n = 70, 71%). Participants considered their pathways to offending as complex and incorporating pre-service, military service and post-service factors. Perceived influences on offending included mental health and substance misuse problems, impulsivity and problem solving difficulties. Prison was considered an opportunity to access help and staff having military awareness was thought to encourage help-seeking. However, stigma and previous negative experiences were perceived to make asking for help difficult and the variability in support across the prison estate was considered a barrier to support by all. Discussion: The findings of this study add to the literature and our knowledge of ex-armed forces personnel in prison. The study found that the mental health needs of the group are largely similar to the general prison population but that potential nuances exist regarding alcohol misuse and PTSD. The pathways to offending of the group are complex and are influenced by a number of factors in veterans' lives. Based on the findings of the study implications and directions for future work are discussed.

Användning av molntjänster har gjort forensiska undersökningar mer komplicerade. Däremot finns det goda förutsättningar om molnleverantörerna skapar tjänster för att få ut all information. Det skulle göra det enklare och mer tillförlitligt. Informationen som ska tas ut från molntjänsterna är svår att få ut på ett korrekt sätt. Undersökningen görs inte på en skrivskyddad kopia, utan i en miljö som riskerar att förändras. Det är då möjligt att ändringar görs under tiden datan hämtas ut, vilket inte alltid syns. Det går heller inte att jämföra skillnaderna genom att ta hashsummor på filerna som görs vid forensiska undersökningar av datorer. Därför är det viktigt att dokumentera hur informationen har tagits ut, helst genom att filma datorskärmen under tiden informationen tas ut. Informationen finns sparad på flera platser då molntjänsterna Office 365 och Google Apps används, både i molnet och på den eller de datorer som har använts för att ansluta till molntjänsten. Webbläsare sparar mycket information om vad som har gjorts. Därför är det viktigt att det går att ta reda på vilka datorer som har använts för att ansluta sig till molntjänsten, vilket idag inte möjligt. Om det är möjligt att undersöka de datorer som använts kan bevis som inte finns kvar i molnet hittas. Det bästa ur forensisk synvinkel skulle vara om leverantörerna av molntjänster erbjöd en tjänst som hämtar ut all data som rör en användare, inklusive alla relevanta loggar. Då skulle det ske på ett mycket säkrare sätt, då det inte skulle gå att ändra informationen under tiden den hämtas ut. / The usage of cloud services has made forensics investigations more complicated. But there are good foundations if the cloud service providers would create services to retrieve all the information. It would make the process easier and more reliable. The most difficult part to do correctly is to download the information from the cloud services. The investigation is done in a volatile environment and not on a secured copy. It is possible that changes are made during the time the data is retrieved, which is not always visible. It is not possible to compare the differences in files with hash values, in the same way as forensic investigations of computers. That is why it is very important to document how the information is retrieved, preferably by recording the computer screen during the time the information is retrieved. The information is saved on multiple locations when the cloud services Office 365 and Google Apps are used, both in the cloud and on the computer that is being used to access the cloud. The web browser saves a lot of information of what has been done. That is why it is important to find out which computer has been used to connect to the cloud service, which is not possible today. If it would be possible to examine all the computer that have been used, evidence that is no longer in the cloud could be found, The best through a forensic angle would be if the cloud service providers offered to retrieve all data which involves a user, including all relevant logs. Then it would be possible to retrieve the data with a secure method, because it would not be possible to change the information during the retrieval.

[pt] A partir do olhar epistemológico daquelas que representam a desordem e o regresso no mundo moderno/ciscolonial que vivemos – as pessoas LGBTTQIA+ pretas faveladas–, proponho analisar os pedidos do peticionante na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 635 (ADPF das Favelas), que trata da violência policial no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, me embaso no pensamento crítico e caótico que surge da potência científica e revolucionária de pessoas LGBTTQIA+ negras e que se consolida a partir da influência do feminismo decolonial, do transfeminismo, dos estudos queer e cuir e das teorias descolonias. Apresento, em seguida, o Grupo Conexão G de Cidadania LGBT para Moradores de Favelas enquanto exemplo institucionalizado de proposta metodológica e de existência teórico-política contrahegemônica, que carrega no teu corpo e em tuas corpas a potência trans-formadora dos referenciais escolhidos. Logo após, fiel a estes referenciais e às propostas de centralização diaspórica negra da Amefricanidade, apresento e analiso em pretuguês os pedidos do PSB na ADPF das Favelas, demonstrando como eles se coincidem ou não com a experiência e as necessidades de pessoas LGBTTQIA+ faveladas. Por fim, ao observar uma quase generalizada invisibilização da vivência destas pessoas, até mesmo por parte dos movimentos progressistas e/ou político-identitários, proponho procurarmos por propostas desordeiras de gênero e sexualidade, que reúnam forças capazes de efetivamente acabar com o mundo na forma em que está configurado, nos levando a um novo, no qual o direito como conhecemos já não sustenta condições de existência. / [en] From the epistemological view of those who represent the mayhem and the regress in the modern/ciscolonial world we live in - black LGBTTQIA+ people from the Favelas -, I propose to analyze the requests of the petitioner in the Petition of Noncompliance with Fundamental Precept 635 (ADPF of Favelas), which deals with police violence in the state of Rio de Janeiro. To do so, I draw on the critical and chaotic thinking that arises from the scientific and revolutionary potency of black LGBTTQIA+ people influenced by decolonial feminism, transfeminism, queer and cuir studies, and decolonial theories. Subsequently, I present the Conexão G LGBT Citizenship Group for Favela Residents as an institutionalized example of a methodological and an existential counter-hegemonic theoretical-political proposal, which carries its body(ies) the trans-formative power of the chosen referential. Soon after, faithful to these referential and to Amefricanity s proposals for black diasporic centering, I present and analyze in Pretuguês the PSB s claims in the ADPF of Favelas, demonstrating how they do or do not coincide with the experience and needs of black LGBTTQIA+ people from Favelas. Finally, by observing an almost generalized invisibilization of the experience of these people, even by progressive and/or identity-political movements, I propose that we search for disruptive proposals of gender and sexuality that gather forces capable of effectively ending the world in the way it is configured, leading us to a new one, in which the law as we know it no longer sustains conditions of existence. / [es] Desde la mirada epistemologica de aquellas que representan el desorden y el regreso en el mundo moderno/ciscolonial que vivimos - las personas LGBTTQIA+ negras faveladas -, propongo analizar las solicitudes del peticionario en el Argumento de Descumplimiento de Precepto Fundamental 635 (ADPF das Favelas), que trata de la violencia policial en el estado de Río de Janeiro. Para ello, me baso en el pensamiento crítico y caótico que surge de la potencia científica y revolucionaria de las personas negras LGBTTQIA+, y que se consolida a partir de la influencia del feminismo decolonial, el transfeminismo, los estudios queer y cuir, y las teorías decoloniales. A continuación, presento el Grupo Conexão G de Ciudadanía LGBT para los habitantes de las favelas como un ejemplo institucionalizado de propuesta teórico-política contrahegemónica, tanto metodológica como de existencia, que lleva en su cuerpo y en sus cuerpas el poder trans-formativo de las referencias elegidas. A continuación, fiel a estos referentes y a las propuestas de centralización de la diáspora negra de Amefricanidad, presento y analizo en pretugues las reivindicaciones del PSB en el ADPF das Favelas, demostrando cómo coinciden o no con la experiencia y las necesidades de las personas LGBTTQIA+ de las favelas. Finalmente, al observar una invisibilización casi generalizada de la experiencia de estas personas, incluso por parte de los movimientos progresistas y/o identitarios, propongo que busquemos propuestas disruptivas de género y sexualidad, que reúnan fuerzas capaces de acabar efectivamente con el mundo tal y como está configurado, conduciéndonos a uno nuevo, en el que el derecho tal y como lo conocemos ya no sostenga las condiciones de existencia.