ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA / Traditional approaches to constructing 3D structural electronics with conductive and dielectric materials include ink-jet printed, silver-bearing ink and fine copper wire meshes. One approach combines stereo-lithographic 3D-printed photo-polymers with direct-printed silver-bearing conductive inks. Results have shown 3D conductive structures with conductivities in the range 2x10⁶ to 1x10⁷ S/m using annealing temperatures ranging from 110°C to 150°C for 10 to 15 minutes. However, the stereo-lithographic approach suffers from the high cost of the printer and structural deformation during annealing. This paper presents a new method for 3d printing high conductivity metal alloys using consumer-grade 3D printer. The design and construction of the necessary modification will be presented in addition to the new 3D design process. The method yields metal structures with expected conductivities exceeding 2.6x10⁶ S/m. The process is performed without an annealing step, so the polymeric structural material is not exposed to high temperatures for any prolonged time. A UHF ISM band antenna is constructed for an RFID application using this method, the antenna performance is measured, and the results are compared simulations in Ansys HFSS. This new method can reduce total cost, and several low melting-point alloys could raise the conductivity.

Föreliggande studie har haft för avsikt att genom enkäter undersöka likheter och skillnader mellan branschaktiva 3D-grafikers arbetsprocesser. Målet har varit att öka insikten i den 3D-grafiska arbetsprocessen för visualisering av interiörmiljöer. Studien är tänkt att identifiera vilka arbetsmoment som är mest tidskrävande och varför. En ökad insikt i denna process kan leda till förbättrad kommunikation och förståelse mellan kund och byrå. Respondenternas beskrivningar av arbetsprocessen liknade varandra och stämmer till stor del även med beskrivningar i litteraturen. De flesta av respondenterna upplevde modellering som det mest tidskrävande tekniska momentet. God kommunikation med kunden ansåg respondenterna vara viktigt för att undvika onödig korrektur, vilket beskrevs som problematiskt och tidskrävande. Respondenterna hade erfarenhet från referensmaterial av varierande kvalitet, vilket kan påverka ett projekts tidsåtgång.

A new three-dimensional finite solid element (3D FE) model for dowel-type wood connections was developed using the concept of a beam on a nonlinear wood foundation, which addresses the intricate wood crushing behaviour under the connector in a dowel type connection. In order to implement the concept of wood foundation with solid elements, a 3D FE wood foundation model was defined within a prescribed foundation zone surrounding the dowel. Based on anisotropic plasticity material theory, the material model for the foundation zone was developed using effective foundation material constants that were defined from dowel-embedment test data. New 3D FE single nail connection models were developed that incorporated the wood foundation model. The 3D wood foundation model was justified and validated using dowel-embedment test data with a range of dowel diameters, from a 2.5-mm nail to a 25.4-mm bolt. The connection models provided successful results in simulating the characteristics of load-slip behaviour that were experimentally observed. Based on the success of the single nail connection models, several applications of the 3D FE connection models were investigated including statistical wood material models, bolted connection models and a multiple nail connection model. Throughout the application studies, discussion of the benefits and limitations of the new model approach using the 3D FE wood foundation are presented. Also, future areas of study are proposed in order to improve the 3D FE dowel-type wood connections models.

Three-dimensional biomolecule patterned hydrogels provide cellular microenvironments that mimic in vivo conditions. We are particularly interested in the fabrication of materials to spatially control stem cell differentiation towards the creation of tissue analogues. To this end, we have designed a 3D protein patterning system where differentiation factors were immobilized within distinct volumes through two-photon chemistry, which provides 3D control since the excitation volume is limited to the focal point of the laser. Agarose hydrogels were modified with 6-bromo-7-hydroxy-coumarin (Bhc) protected amines or thiols, which upon two-photon excitation are deprotected in defined volumes yielding reactive amines or thiols. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was immobilized onto agarose-thiol-Bhc through either disulfide bond formation with agarose thiols or the physical interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and the albumin binding domain (ABD). The use of biological binding pairs also provides mild immobilization conditions, minimizing the risk for bioactivity loss. Similarly, two differentiation factors for retinal stem progenitor cells were simultaneously immobilized: 1) ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF); and 2) N-terminal sonic hedgehog (SHH). Maleimide modified binding proteins, such as maleimide-streptavidin; react with exposed thiols, yielding 3D patterns of covalently immobilized streptavidin in agarose hydrogels. Growth factors are then introduced as fusion proteins with binding domains, such as biotin-CNTF, for complexation and thus 3D immobilization. By combining multiple binding systems with two-photon patterning, we were able to simultaneously 3D immobilize proteins towards the creation biomimetic hydrogels.

Three-dimensional biomolecule patterned hydrogels provide cellular microenvironments that mimic in vivo conditions. We are particularly interested in the fabrication of materials to spatially control stem cell differentiation towards the creation of tissue analogues. To this end, we have designed a 3D protein patterning system where differentiation factors were immobilized within distinct volumes through two-photon chemistry, which provides 3D control since the excitation volume is limited to the focal point of the laser. Agarose hydrogels were modified with 6-bromo-7-hydroxy-coumarin (Bhc) protected amines or thiols, which upon two-photon excitation are deprotected in defined volumes yielding reactive amines or thiols. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was immobilized onto agarose-thiol-Bhc through either disulfide bond formation with agarose thiols or the physical interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and the albumin binding domain (ABD). The use of biological binding pairs also provides mild immobilization conditions, minimizing the risk for bioactivity loss. Similarly, two differentiation factors for retinal stem progenitor cells were simultaneously immobilized: 1) ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF); and 2) N-terminal sonic hedgehog (SHH). Maleimide modified binding proteins, such as maleimide-streptavidin; react with exposed thiols, yielding 3D patterns of covalently immobilized streptavidin in agarose hydrogels. Growth factors are then introduced as fusion proteins with binding domains, such as biotin-CNTF, for complexation and thus 3D immobilization. By combining multiple binding systems with two-photon patterning, we were able to simultaneously 3D immobilize proteins towards the creation biomimetic hydrogels.

The 2006 Clean Water Act requires each municipality to come up with science-based plans to protect the quality and quantity of their drinking water. A literature review concerning applicable processes in Lake Ontario along with previous modelling of the lake is presented. The three dimensional Estuary, Lake and Coastal Oceans Model (ELCOM) is used to model Lake Ontario on a 2×2km grid scale. The model is forced using meteorological data from the 2006 summer season, inflows and outflows. The lake-wide model is evaluated using field data from thermistor chains and ADCPs as well as historical water level data. Simulated and observed temperature profiles compared well. However, modelled temperature profiles were slightly cooler than observed. Current results were more variable than temperature profile results but compared better to observed data in the offshore regions. Simulating Lake Ontario water levels proved to be problematic because an accurate water balance is difficult to force with a large drainage basin. A 300×300m nearshore model of the eastern portion of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River is also presented. The open boundary is forced using temperature data which is (A) varied with depth, (B) constant with depth and (C) spatially varied over the length of the open boundary and varied with depth. Both spatially varied and non-varied water level data forcing the open boundary is also compared. Spatially varied temperature and water level data is computed from the coarse grid lake-wide model. Lake-wide coarse grid model error appears to propagate through the open boundary negatively affecting nearshore modelled current when coupling the models. It was concluded that lake-wide model results should not be used to force the open boundary for the nearshore model. Nearshore model results using constant temperature with depth forcing files and non-spatially varied water level data agree well with observed temperature profiles, but further analysis is required for better confidence in the model's ability to properly reproduce currents at a 300×300m grid scale. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-10-07 10:08:44.145

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2013 a decision was made that all projects at the Swedish Transport Administration shoulduse BIM (Building Information Modeling) to some extent from 2015. BIM is an approachthat allows for streamlining of projects by the use of a 3D-model created in an early stage ofthe project. The 3D-model can carry information about the facility throughout its life cyclefrom planning to management. The use of a 3D-model can help the project to detect errors inearly stages of the project when it is easy and cheap to fix the error instead of finding theerror in the construction phase when it is costly and time consuming to fix it. 3D-models alsolead to improved communication both within the project groups and with the public. To takeadvantage of the improvements that BIM offers it has to be implemented in the SwedishTransport Administrations current processes and practices, including the investment process.This report aims to identify the parts of the investment process that is in need forsupplementation to reach the full potential of BIM and what these supplements consist of.If the Swedish Transport Administration implements BIM successfully in their processes, thisreport shows that The Swedish Transport Administration, among other things will haveimproved time management and produce facilities with higher quality at a lower price.

A new three-dimensional finite solid element (3D FE) model for dowel-type wood connections was developed using the concept of a beam on a nonlinear wood foundation, which addresses the intricate wood crushing behaviour under the connector in a dowel type connection. In order to implement the concept of wood foundation with solid elements, a 3D FE wood foundation model was defined within a prescribed foundation zone surrounding the dowel. Based on anisotropic plasticity material theory, the material model for the foundation zone was developed using effective foundation material constants that were defined from dowel-embedment test data. New 3D FE single nail connection models were developed that incorporated the wood foundation model. The 3D wood foundation model was justified and validated using dowel-embedment test data with a range of dowel diameters, from a 2.5-mm nail to a 25.4-mm bolt. The connection models provided successful results in simulating the characteristics of load-slip behaviour that were experimentally observed. Based on the success of the single nail connection models, several applications of the 3D FE connection models were investigated including statistical wood material models, bolted connection models and a multiple nail connection model. Throughout the application studies, discussion of the benefits and limitations of the new model approach using the 3D FE wood foundation are presented. Also, future areas of study are proposed in order to improve the 3D FE dowel-type wood connections models.

[Truncated abstract] The aim of visual recognition is to identify objects in a scene and estimate their pose. Object recognition from 2D images is sensitive to illumination, pose, clutter and occlusions. Object recognition from range data on the other hand does not suffer from these limitations. An important paradigm of recognition is model-based whereby 3D models of objects are constructed offline and saved in a database, using a suitable representation. During online recognition, a similar representation of a scene is matched with the database for recognizing objects present in the scene . . . The tensor representation is extended to automatic and pose invariant 3D face recognition. As the face is a non-rigid object, expressions can significantly change its 3D shape. Therefore, the last part of this thesis investigates representations and matching techniques for automatic 3D face recognition which are robust to facial expressions. A number of novelties are proposed in this area along with their extensive experimental validation using the largest available 3D face database. These novelties include a region-based matching algorithm for 3D face recognition, a 2D and 3D multimodal hybrid face recognition algorithm, fully automatic 3D nose ridge detection, fully automatic normalization of 3D and 2D faces, a low cost rejection classifier based on a novel Spherical Face Representation, and finally, automatic segmentation of the expression insensitive regions of a face.