The aim of the work is to design and manufacture a mechanism for setting up and clamping the replaceable head of a 3D FDM printer. The first part of the thesis deals with 3D printing in general, the second part describes the FDM method. Part three is devoted to the selection and construction of a suitable 3D printer, the fourth part to the actual design of the head attachment. In the fifth part, a technical and economic evaluation is carried out.

Droplet-based microfluidic devices have become a preferred versatile platform for various fields in physics, chemistry and biology to manipulate small amounts of liquid samples. In addition to microdroplets, microbubbles are also needed for various pro- cesses in the food, healthcare and cosmetic industries. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft lithography, the mainstay for fabricating microfluidic devices, usually requires the usage of expensive apparatus and a complex manufacturing procedure. In ad- dition, current methods have the limited capabilities for fabrication of microfluidic devices within three dimensional (3D) structures. Novel methods for fabrication of droplet-based microfluidic devices for the generation microdroplets and microbubbles are therefore of great interest in current research. In this thesis, we have developed several simple, rapid and low-cost methods for fabrication of microfluidic devices, especially for generation of microdroplets and mi- crobubbles. We first report an inexpensive full-glass microfluidic devices with as- sembly of glass capillaries, for generating monodisperse multiple emulsions. Different types of devices have been designed and tested and the experimental results demon- strated the robust capability of preparing monodisperse single, double, triple and multi-component emulsions. Second, we propose a similar full-glass device for generation of microbubbles, but with assembly of a much smaller nozzle of a glass capillary. Highly monodisperse microbubbles with diameter range from 3.5 to 60 microns have been successfully produced, at rates up to 40 kHz. A simple scaling law based on the capillary number and liquid-to-gas flow rate ratio, successfully predicts the bubble size. Recently, the emergent 3D printing technology provides an attractive fabrication technique, due to its simplicity and low cost. A handful of studies have already demonstrated droplet production through 3D-printed microfluidic devices. However, two-dimensional (2D) flow structures are still used and the advantage of 3D-printing technique has not been fully exploited. Therefore, we apply 3D printing technology to fabricate 3D-miniaturized fluidic device for droplet generation (single emulsion) and droplet-in-droplet (double emulsion) without the need for surface wettability treat- ment of the channel walls, by utilizing 3D geometry design and fabrication. A scaling law is formulated to predict the drop size generated in the device. Furthermore, magnetically responsive microspheres are also produced with our emulsion templates, demonstrating the potential applications of this 3D emulsion generator in chemical and material engineering. Finally, we design and 3D-print a hybrid ?plug-and-play? microfluidic droplet generator, which involves a 3D-printed channel chamber and commercial tubings and fittings. By combination of 3D-printed part and market-available parts, this device can be easily assembled and disassembled, which provides a great flexibility for different demands. A scaling law has been proposed for prediction of drop size generated in the device. Furthermore, a 3D-printed concentration gradient generator and a droplet merging device based on the droplet generator have been developed to demonstrate the great scalability of 3D-printing technology.

Festival de Innovación Educativa de la UPC. Ponente: Dr. Roberto Fecchio / El primer FIE de la UPC es un espacio de docentes para docentes, en donde se compartirán las estrategias innovadoras de aprendizaje que se han venido aplicando en los últimos meses de educación online. Es una oportunidad para intercambiar conocimiento, seguir aprendiendo y atrevernos a innovar como parte del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

This thesis was created as a bachelor project in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at VUT in Brno. In the theoretical part, the additive technology Rapid Prototyping is introduced together with the most common methods, followed by the assessment of advantages and disadvantages of the new technology and its possible uses in various fields of human activity. In the experimental part of the diploma thesis was assembled and the printing parameters were set. Consequently the comparison models were printed on the 3D home printer and on professional printer Dimension uPrint. The accuracy of the printers is compared. The thesis concludes with the analysis of technical and economical parameters.

Im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg wurden in 2014 die Grundlagen für die Auswertung von 3D-Punktwolken zur automatisierten Nachtragung des Risswerks gelegt. Um die dafür notwendigen 3D-Punktwolken möglichst wirtschaftlich zu erstellen, laufen seit 2015 Untersuchungen und Testmessungen zur Machbarkeit des untertägigen Einsatzes von mobil messenden Laserscannern. Im Folgenden werden verschiedene technische Ansätze sowie die Ergebnisse der Testmessungen und die weiteren geplanten Schritte vorgestellt. / As part of a thesis at the Technical University of Freiberg, a basis for the analysis of 3D point clouds was set for refining the mine map automatically. Since 2015 studies and test measurements have been running to create the necessary 3D point clouds as economically as possible, by using an underground mobile scanning system. Below the different technical approaches will be presented as well as the results of the test measurements and the next planned steps.

Zur Kopforthesentherapie in der Behandlung von Säuglingen mit lagerungsbedingten Schädelasymmetrien gibt es bisher kaum Studien, die den optimalen Behandlungsbeginn unter Berücksichtigung der Ausprägung der Asymmetrie untersuchen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es daher, den Einfluss des Alters und des Schweregrades der Asymmetrie bei Therapiebeginn auf die Therapiedauer und das Therapieergebnis zu analysieren. Hierzu wurden 144 Patienten mit lagerungsbedingtem Plagiozephalus untersucht, die mittels Kopforthese behandelt wurden. Es erfolgte eine Einteilung in drei Altersgruppen (Altersgruppe I: < 24 Wochen mit N = 38 Säuglingen / Altersgruppe II: ≥ 24 bis < 32 Wochen mit N = 79 Säuglingen / Altersgruppe III: ≥ 32 Wochen mit N = 27 Säuglingen) und je zwei Schweregrade (mild-to-moderate: 30°-CVA >3mm bis <12mm / moderate-to-severe: 30°-CVA ≥12mm). Anhand stereophotogrammetrischer Datensätze wurden das Ausmaß und die Reduktion der Asymmetrie in den verschiedenen Untergruppen sowie die Therapiedauer miteinander verglichen. Es zeigte sich, dass es in allen Altersgruppen zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Asymmetrie kam, wobei sich dieser Effekt mit steigendem Alter verringerte. Ein Therapieerfolg (= CVAI <3,5%) wurde bei Patienten mit mild-to-moderate Asymmetrie in Altersgruppe I zu 83%, in Altersgruppe II zu 69% und in Altersgruppe III zu 40% erreicht. Bei Patienten mit einer schwerwiegenderen, moderate-to-severe Asymmetrie ergab sich eine symmetrische Kopfform zu 50% in Altersgruppe I, zu 30% in Altersgruppe II und nur zu 7% in Altersgruppe III. Die durchschnittliche Therapiedauer stieg von 18,6 Wochen in Altersgruppe I, 20,0 Wochen in Altersgruppe II und 25,3 Wochen in Altersgruppe III an. Das Alter bzw. der Schweregrad der Asymmetrie bei Behandlungsbeginn wurden durch die multiple Regressionsgleichung ins Verhältnis gesetzt. Dadurch kann zukünftig die zu erwartende Verbesserung der Asymmetrie durch eine Kopforthesentherapie abgeschätzt werden. Zusammenfassend kann somit festgestellt werden, dass das Alter bei Therapiebeginn sowie der Ausprägungsgrad einer lagerungsbedingten Asymmetrie einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Dauer und Effektivität der Kopforthesentherapie haben. Die Erfolgsrate der Therapie ist maßgeblich von diesen beiden Einflussfaktoren abhängig. Die aufgestellte Regressionsgleichung ermöglicht eine Vorhersage der Reduktion einer lagerungsbedingten Schädelasymmetrie. / Background Only few studies investigating the optimal time point to start head orthosis therapy for deformational plagiocephaly (DP) take into account the severity of skull asymmetry. The present study performs a 3D-analysis of the effects of age and severity of asymmetry on the final outcome. Methods A total of 144 patients with DP treated by molding orthosis were examined and divided into three age groups (I: <24 weeks; II: ≥24 to <32 weeks; III: ≥32 weeks) and two severity levels (mild-to-moderate: 30°-CVA ≥3mm to ≤12mm; moderate-to-severe: 30°-CVA >12mm). The extent of the reduction of asymmetry was analyzed using 3D-stereophotogrammetry. Results Therapy with molding orthosis led to a significant reduction in asymmetry in all defined age groups. Efficacy of reduction decreased with increasing age. Successful treatment (=CVAI <3.5%) of patients with mild-to-moderate asymmetry was achieved in 83%, 69% and 40% (groups I, II and III), respectively, in 50%, 30% and 7% of patients with moderate-to-severe asymmetry. The average duration of treatment increased from 18.6 to 25.3 weeks (age groups I and III). Conclusion Age at the beginning of treatment as well as severity of asymmetry have a definite impact on the duration and effectiveness of molding orthosis therapy.

In this thesis wood is considered as main building material. The main purpose of the thesis was to use as many natural materials as possible and combine them with modern elements to achieve the best possible individual properties. The entire building should be as ecology as possible and use natural resources as much as we can. The first theoretical part of the thesis is about general problems of using different natural materials and using them not only for the local cultural view, but also because of the spiritual view in the concept of Feng Shui. There are present a different ways of contact or radiant heating. This part also includes a brief introduction to the methodology of the software, which were used in the design of this project. The practical part is then focused on the concrete building design and its placement in the given locality in Mistrovice in Orlické hory. It also contains layout design with respect to the world's sides, an ideal combination of wood-building benefits with other natural materials, which meet today's building energy conditions at the same time. Finally, there is an overall budget and thesis including complete energy efficiency of building and the final 3D visualization of the project.

This master's thesis deals with ways and options to automatically generate three-dimensional models from two-dimensional data within web browsers, especially buildings and map objects. As part of this thesis, an application was designed and implemented to simplify the creation of detailed building models and to display additional and adequate real-time data on mobile devices as well.

Der lagerungsbedingte Plagiozephalus (LP) stellt die häufigste Schädeldeformation bei Kleinkindern dar. Ursachen, Risikofaktoren und die Wirksamkeit konservativer Therapieverfahren wurden in einer Vielzahl von Veröffentlichungen dargestellt. Untersuchungen zur Langzeitstabilität des Helmtherapieerfolges und die Auswirkungen eines LP auf das stomatognathe System bei Kleinkindern sind hingegen selten. Die vorliegende kontrollierte, prospektive Längsschnittstudie stellt die erste 3D- Untersuchung dar, die belegt, dass die Kopforthesentherapie bei Patienten mit LP zu besseren Langzeitergebnissen im Vergleich zu anderen Therapieoptionen führt. Auch nach Abschluss der Kopforthesentherapie ist eine weitere Verbesserung der Kopfform zu beobachten. Bei Patienten mit LP besteht zudem grundsätzlich ein höheres Risiko für laterale Kreuzbisse, die bevorzugt auf der kontralateralen Seite in Relation zur abgeflachten Hinterhauptseite auftreten. Gesichtsasymmetrien treten häufiger bei Patienten mit LP auf, bei denen keine Kopforthesentherapie durchgeführt wurde. Folglich stellt die Kopforthesentherapie eine geeignete Therapieoption für Säuglinge mit LP dar, um sowohl die Schädelasymmetrie als auch das Auftreten dentofazialer Asymmetrien zu reduzieren. / The positional plagiocephaly (PP) represents the most common skull deformation in small children. Causes, risk factors and the effectiveness of conservative therapy methods have been presented in a large number of publications. Studies about long-term stability of helmet therapy success and the effects of PP on the stomatognathic system in small children are, however, rare. This controlled, prospective longitudinal study is the first 3D-investigation to show that head orthosis therapy in patients with PP leads to better long-term outcomes compared to other therapy options. A further improvement in the shape of the head can also be observed after completing the head orthosis therapy. Patients with PP also generally have a higher risk of lateral cross bites, which tend to occur on the contralateral side in relation to the flattened occipital side. Facial asymmetries are more common in patients with PP who have not had head orthotic therapy. As a result, head orthosis therapy is a suitable therapy option for infants with PP to reduce both skull asymmetry and the occurrence of dentofacial asymmetries.

Ziel der Untersuchung: Verglichen wurden die räumlichen Abweichungen der Bohrpfade nach virtueller Planung von Schablonen geführten Trepanationen mit Hilfe der Softwaresysteme SicatEndo (SE) und coDiagnostiX (CDX) und der benötigte Arbeitsaufwand. Material und Methode: Basierend auf µCT-Datensätzen von humanen obliterierten Frontzähnen wurden identische Kunststoffzähne und acht Zahnmodelle (4 Ober-, 4 Unterkiefer) hergestellt. Es wurde jeweils ein DVT und ein Oberflächenscan angefertigt. Diese Datensätze (DICOM; STL) wurden in die Softwaresysteme importiert und fusioniert. Anschließend wurden die Bohrpfade für je 16 Probenzähne pro Software geplant. Mit Hilfe der erstellten Schablonen wurden alle Trepanationen an den im Phantomkopf fixierten Modellen von einem Behandler durchgeführt. Nach Erschließung des apikalen Wurzelkanalanteils wurde ein DVT angefertigt und mit dem präoperativen DVT überlagert. Die räumliche drei-dimensionale (3D) Abweichung zwischen virtuell geplantem und tatsächlichem Bohrpfad wurde über die Vektorlänge bestimmt und der Arbeitsaufwand anhand der Planungszeit und der Anzahl der Mausklicks pro Kiefer erfasst. Ergebnisse: Für die Trepanationen mit SE zeigten sich signifikant geringe Abweichungen an der Bohrerspitze vestibulär-oral [CDX 0,54mm ± 0,32mm; SE 0,12mm ± 0,11mm; p < 0.05], 3D [CDX 0,74mm ± 0,26 mm; SE 0,35mm ± 0,17mm; p < 0.05] und hinsichtlich des Winkels [CDX 1,57° ± 0,76°; SE 0,68° ± 0,41°; p < 0.05] als mit CDX. Für CDX war der Planungsaufwand signifikant geringer als für SE hinsichtlich Planungszeit [CDX Ø 10min 50sec; SE Ø 20min 28sec] und hinsichtlich der Anzahl der Klicks pro Kiefer [CDX Ø 107; SE Ø 341]. Zusammenfassung: Beide Planungssysteme ermöglichen ausreichend präzise Schablonen geführte Bohrungen zur Erschließung apikaler Wurzelkanalanteile. / Aim: To compare the accuracy and effort of digital workflow for guided endodontic access procedures using two different software applications in 3D-printed teeth modeled to simulate pulp canal obliteration in vitro. Materials and methods: 32 3D-printed incisors with simulated PCO were fabricated and mounted, four each on maxillary and mandibular study arches. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D surface scans were matched and used to virtually plan and prepare GEA by one operator using two different methods: 1) coDiagnostiX (CDX) with 3D-printed templates, and 2) SicatEndo (SE) with subtractive CAD/CAM-manufactured templates. Postoperative CBCT and virtual planning data were superimposed for analysis. Accuracy was assessed by measuring the discrepancies between planned and prepared cavities at the tip of the bur (three spatial dimensions, 3D vector, angle). Virtual planning effort was defined as the time and number of computer clicks. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed for each sample . Results: SE successfully located root canals for GEA in 16/16 cases (100%) and CDX in 15/16 cases (94%). SE resulted in less mean deviation at the tip of the bur with regard to distance in the labial-oral direction (0.12 mm), 3D vector (0.35 mm), and angle (0.68 degrees) compared with CDX (0.54 mm, 0.74 mm, 1.57 degrees, respectively; P < 0.001). CDX required less mean planning time and effort for each four-tooth arch (10 min 50 s, 107 clicks) than SE (20 min 28 s, 341 clicks; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Both methods enabled rapid drill path planning, a predictable GEA procedure, and the reliable location of root canals in teeth with PCO without perforation.