Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Obwohl der Konzern eine hohe praktische Relevanz im europäischen Binnenmarkt aufweist, besteht kein einheitliches europäisches Konzernrecht. Die Arbeit entwickelt einen Regelungsvorschlag für ein europäisches Konzernleitungsrecht und schließt damit diese Lücke. Zunächst werden die rechtlichen Grundlagen des Konzerns dargestellt. Anschließend werden die Akteure des Konzerns und deren Eigeninteressen beschrieben. Die wirtschaftlichen Anreize und Risiken der Konzernierung werden diskutiert. Die ökonomische Analyse des grenzüberschreitenden Konzerns gibt die optimale Konzernstruktur vor, die rechtlich abgesichert werden muss. Das sekundärrechtlich zu gewährleistende Weisungsrecht muss sich nahtlos in die Rechtsordnungen der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten einfügen. Es werden die bestehenden Möglichkeiten einer einheitlichen Konzernleitung und deren Grenzen aufgezeigt. Letztere sind die Haftungsrisiken für die Geschäftsführer der Mutter- und der Tochtergesellschaft und die Rechte der Minderheitsgesellschafter. Als Beispiele dienen die deutsche sowie die französische Rechtsordnung. Anschließend wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit die Grenzen der einheitlichen Leitung durch die Anerkennung des Gruppeninteresses überwunden werden können. Das französische und das deutsche Recht halten unterschiedliche Antworten bereit, so dass die Begriffskonturierung nicht den nationalen Rechtsordnungen überlassen werden sollte, sondern auf der Grundlage von binnenmarktorientierten Effizienzerwägungen autonom bestimmt werden sollte. Diese Überwindung durch die Anerkennung des Gruppeninteresses wird ihrerseits durch das Insolvenzrecht begrenzt. / Although the corporate group is of great practical importance in the European internal market, there is no uniform European corporate group law. The thesis develops a regulatory proposal for a European group management law and thus remedies this absence. First, the legal basis of the corporate group is presented. Then, the actors of the group and their own interests are demonstrated. The economic incentives and risks of integration into a group are discussed. The economic analysis of the cross-border group prescribes the optimal group structure, which must be legally secured. The right to issue instructions, which is to be guaranteed by secondary legislation, must fit smoothly into the legal systems of the individual Member States. The existing possibilities of uniform group management and the limits are highlighted. The latter are the liability risks for the managers of the parent and the subsidiary and the rights of minority shareholders. The German and French systems serve as examples. It is then examined whether and to what extent the limitations of uniform management can be overcome by the recognition of the group interest. French and German law provide different answers, so that the contours of the concept should not be left to the national legal systems but should be determined autonomously based on efficiency considerations oriented towards the internal market. This overcoming by the recognition of the group interest does not apply without limitations in insolvency law.

This thesis deals with design and implementation of a versatile control unit, which is primarily designed for control of solar collectors. It describes the various stages of design. First, the system of solar collectors is introduced. Its input-output parts are analyzed and the requirements are determined for the control unit. The characteristics of temperature sensors are examined, the work deals with continuous variable speed circulators. The following part is dedicated to hardware and software implementation of the objectives of the work. The boards were designed in Eagle design environment, the firmware was written in C programming language. In conclusion, the evaluation of the results of the proposed system and possible ways of its further development are discussed. The versatile control unit can be deployed in practice realistically.

La thèse concerne les composés nominaux à premier membre prépositionnel en grec ancien, en particulier le cas du premier membre ἐν°. Elle est constituée par l’analyse morphologique et sémantique d’un large corpus de données, dont le but est de relever les différents procédés de formation des mots, ainsi que leurs évolutions. Les composés à premier membre prépositionnel se distinguent des autres composés par deux caractéristiques : premièrement, ils ne sont pas constitués par deux lexèmes, étant donné qu’une préposition n’est pas un lexème véritable ; deuxièmement, la structure interne n’est pas toujours reconnaissable.Les questions ayant guidé cette recherche sont donc les suivantes : la nature spéciale de ces composés change-t-elle selon les différentes variétés diachroniques et diaphasiques ? Quelles sont les différentes valeurs du premier membre ἐν° dans les différentes catégories des composés ? On examine, avec une grande attention philologique aux contextes d’emploi, les composés attestés dans trois phases synchroniques successives : en premier lieu, dans la poésie épique archaïque ; en deuxième lieu, dans la prose classique du V-IVe siècle (notamment dans les œuvres de Platon et d’Aristote) ; la troisième partie examine les néo-formations de la période qui va de l’époque de Théophraste jusqu’à celle de Nonnos. Dans une quatrième partie on trouve les composés attestés dans les inscriptions arcadiennes, ainsi que quelques anthroponymes. En conclusion, cette étude montre les changements de la valeur du premier membre ἐν° dans les différentes catégories : ἐν° remplit plusieurs fonctions, qui, pourtant, partagent les signes d’une perte progressive de signification. / This thesis deals with ancient Greek nominal compounds with a prepositional first member (FM), and in particular the case of the FM ἐν°. I analyse a great amount of words from a morphological and semantical point of view. The pool of words is based on a formal criterion; the goal of the analysis is to outline different processes of compound formation, as well as their evolution. As compared to other compounds, those with a prepositional FM present two special characteristics: first, they are not formed by two lexemes, since prepositions/adverbs are not real lexemes; secondly, their internal structure is not often recognizable. The guide-questions of this research are: does the special nature of prepositional FM compounds change over different diachronic and diaphasic varieties? Moreover, which are the values of the FM ἐν° in the different compound categories? Most of the thesis consists in a thorough analysis of compounds attested in three consecutive synchronic phases: first, in archaic epic poetry, then in classical prose of V-IV century (in particular Plato’s and Aristotle’s works); the third part examines all neo-formations appearing in the long period starting from the age of Theophrastus till the age of Nonnus of Panopolis. A brief fourth part presents compounds attested in Arcadian inscriptions, as well as some anthroponyms. In the conclusions, I point out the changes in the value of the FM ἐν° in the different categories: ἐν° takes on several functions, that, however, share the signs of a progressive loss of meaning. / La tesi riguarda i composti nominali a primo membro preposizionale in greco antico, il particolare quelli a primo membro ἐν°. Essa è costituita dall’analisi morfologica e semantica di un vaso corpus di parole; lo scopo dell’analisi è di far emergere i diversi processi di formazione delle parole composto e la loro evoluzione.I composti a primo membro preposizionale si differenziano dagli altri composti per due caratteristiche: in primo luogo, essi non sono costituiti da due lessemi, dato che una preposizione non è un vero e proprio lessema; in secondo luogo, la loro struttura interna non è sempre facilmente riconoscibile.Le domande che guidano la ricerca sono dunque le seguenti: la natura speciale di questi composti cambia a seconda delle varietà diacroniche e diafasiche? Quali sono i valori del primo membro ἐν° nelle diverse categorie di composti?Con attenzione filologica ai contesti d’uso, si esaminano i composti attestati in tre fasi sincroniche successive: in primo luogo, nella poesia epica arcaica; in secondo luogo, nella prosa classica del V-IV secolo a. C. (in particolare, nelle opere di Platone e Aristotele); la terza parte riguarda le neoformazioni apparse nel periodo che va dall’epoca di Teofrasto a quella di Nonno di Panopoli. In una quarta sezione si trovano i composti attestati nelle iscrizioni arcadiche, oltre a qualche antroponimo.In conclusione, la ricerca mostra i mutamenti del valore del primo membro ἐν° nelle diverse categorie: ἐν° assume diverse funzioni, che però condividono i segni di una progressiva perdita di significato.