Οι μεταλλαγμένοι μύες weaver αποτελούν ένα μοναδικό γενετικό μοντέλο της νόσου Πάρκινσον. Πρόκειται για μια νευροβιολογική μετάλλαξη η οποία συμβολίζεται ως wv και περιγράφηκε για πρώτη φορά από τον Lane (1964). Πρόκειται για μετάλλαξη με λάθος νόημα στο γονίδιο Girk 2 που βρίσκεται στο χρωμόσωμα 16 του ποντικού σε μια περιοχή ανάλογη με την περιοχή του 21 χρωμοσώματος του ανθρώπου που ευθύνεται για το σύνδρομο Down και οδηγεί σε τροποποίηση της λειτουργίας ενός διαύλου καλίου. Επειδή ο εγκέφαλος των θηλαστικών είναι από τους πιο ευαίσθητους ιστούς πολλές μελέτες έχουν γίνει για τις επιδράσεις των φαρμάκων (νευροστεροειδών), στην παθογένεια και στην αντιμετώπιση των νευροεκφυλιστικών νόσων. Ο παράγοντας BNN 50 είναι ένα νευροστεροειδές που έχει συνώνυμο το BNN 20. Παράγεται από το ανδρογόνο νευροστεροειδές δεϋδροεπιανδροστερόνη (DHEA) με εποξείδωση της 17-κετομάδας του με χρήση trimethylsulfonium methylide (τριμεθυλοσούλφωνο-μεθυλίδιο). Έχει το πλεονέκτημα ότι δεν μεταβολίζεται σε οιστρογόνα ενδογενώς, όπως το DHEA, κι επομένως ενδέχεται να είναι καταλληλότερο για φαρμακευτική χρήση. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να διερευνηθεί η επίδραση στο οξειδωτικό στρες του νευροστεροειδούς BNN 50 σε εγκεφάλους μυών κατά την 21 ημέρα με ταυτόχρονο προσδιορισμό των επιπέδων υπεροξείδωσης λιπιδίων και πρωτεϊνών στις ακόλουθες περιοχές: α) CE (παρεγκεφαλίδα), β) HIP (ιππόκαμπος), γ) CX (εγκεφαλικός φλοιός). Για το σκοπό αυτό τα πειραματόζωα χωρίστηκαν στις ακόλουθες 4 ομάδες: 1) φυσιολογικοί μύες (control) χωρίς BNN 50, με saline 2) control με BNN 50, 3) weaver χωρίς BNN 50 με saline και 4) weaver με ΒΝΝ 50. Οι μύες (control-weaver) δέχονταν BNN 50 (100 mg/kg σωματικού βάρους) ημερησίως από την πρώτη μέρα της ζωής (με ενδοπεριτοναϊκή ένεση) και για διάστημα 18 ημερών. Μετά την τελευταία ένεση, οι μύες θανατώθηκαν και οι εγκεφαλικοί ιστοί απομονώθηκαν σε ειδικό αντιοξειδωτικό ρυθμιστικό διάλυμα. Για τον προσδιορισμό του βαθμού λιπιδικής υπεροξείδωσης στα ομογενοποιήματα των ιστών χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως δείκτης η MDA (μηλονική δυαλδεύδη), σε ελεύθερη μορφή και συνδεδεμένη με πρωτεΐνες (FrMDA και PrMDA, αντιστοίχως). Επίσης, ποσοτικοποιήθηκαν και τα υδροϋπεροξείδια των λιπιδίων και των πρωτεϊνών (LOOH και PrOOH, αντιστοίχως). Όσον αφορά τα αποτελέσματα βρέθηκε ότι: (1) το νευροστεροειδές BNN 50 δρα αντιοξειδωτικά στις δυο από τις τρεις περιοχές εγκεφάλου που μελετήθηκαν (ιππόκαμπος και παρεγκεφαλίδα), και (2) οι μύες weaver στους οποίους είχε χορηγηθεί το φάρμακο είχαν χαμηλότερες τιμές σε τρεις από τους τέσσερις δείκτες ελέγχου για λιπιδική και πρωτεϊνική υπεροξείδωση εκτός από τα πρωτεϊνικά υπεροξείδια. Συνεπώς η αντιοξειδωτική δράση των νευροστεροειδών ενδέχεται να συντελέσει στην ανάπτυξη νέων μεθόδων θεραπείας για την αντιμετώπιση των νευροεκφυλιστικών νόσων. / The mutant mouse weaver constitutes a unique genetic model of Parkinson's disease. It is a neurobiological mutation denoted wv and first described by Lane (1964). This mutation in the wrong sense Girk 2 gene located on chromosome 16 of the mouse in a region similar to the region of human chromosome 21 that is responsible for the syndrome Down and leads to modulation of the function of a potassium channel. Because the brain of mammals is among the most sensitive tissues many studies have been done on the effects of drugs (neurosteroids) in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The agent BNN 50 is a neuroactive steroids having synonymous BNN 20. Produced by neuroactive steroids androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) by epoxidation of 17- keto group of using trimethylsulfonium methylide (trimethylsulfonium - methylide). It has the advantage that it is metabolized to endogenous estrogens, such as DHEA, and therefore may be suitable for pharmaceutical use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oxidative stress neurosteroid BNN 50 in brains muscle at day 21 with simultaneous determination of the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein in the following areas: a) CE (cerebellum), b) HIP (hippocampus) c) CX (cerebral cortex). For this purpose, the animals were divided in the following four groups: 1) normal muscles (control) without BNN 50, with saline 2) control with BNN 50, 3) weaver without BNN 50 with saline and 4) weaver with BNN 50. Muscles accept BNN 50 (100 mg / kg body weight) per day from the first day of life (by intraperitoneal injection) and for 18 days. After the last injection, the mice were sacrificed and brain tissues were isolated in a special antioxidant buffer. For determining the degree of lipid peroxidation in tissue homogenates was used as the index of MDA (dyaldefdi malonate), in free form and bound protein (FrMDA and PrMDA, respectively). Also quantitated and hydroperoxides of lipids and proteins (LOOH and PrOOH, respectively). Regarding the results found that: (1) the neuroactive steroids BNN 50 acts antioxidants in two of the three brain regions studied (hippocampus and cerebellum), and (2) the weaver mice dosed with the drug were lower in three of four indicators for monitoring lipid peroxidation and protein than the protein peroxides. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of neurosteroids may contribute to the development of new therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Many studies have been done of Fakhr al-Dinal-Razi and his system of thought, taking into account his contributions from theology, philosophy, and exegesis. However, works specifically devoted to his exegetical thought have been few. In fact, none of these has dealt with al-Razi's exegetical methodology in the light of his basic assumptions regarding the Qur'an. In view of this fact, the present thesis aims at elucidating Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's methodology in interpreting the Qur'an in his magnum opus, known by the title al-Tafsir al-Kabir or Mafatih&dotbelow; al-Ghayb. In order to achieve this purpose, we will focus on his interpretation of the third chapter of the Qur'an, printed in volumes 7, 8, and 9 of the standard edition of his work. / In overall terms, al-Razi contributed greatly to the dissemination of a rational approach to the study of the Qur'an. Yet, he could not avoid the debate over theological issues, which were common in his time. In many parts of his al-Tafsir al-Kabir, therefore, he defends Ash'arite thought against the views of Mu'tazilites, Z&dotbelow;ahirites, and the H&dotbelow;ashwiyyah, among others. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This thesis discusses the shadow play in mediaeval Arabo-Islamic societies, and the most outstanding playwright in that genre, Ibn Daniyal (d.710/1310). Despite the lack of other extant plays, it is shown that the shadow play had a long and dynamic tradition in mediaeval Islam, as attested to by various written sources that refer to it through two 'frames' of perception: as allegory and as theatre. These two frames indicate that there is a close link between the intrinsic development of this theatrical genre and the coinage of allegorical expressions geared to the understanding of the cosmological order. The principal features of the shadow theatre are analyzed in the light of theatrical semiotics, focusing on Ibn Daniyal's trilogy Kitab Tayf al-khayal. It is argued that Ibn Daniyal's dramaturgy, emphasizing a collective social experience, relies strongly on the peculiarities of the genre in the process of foregrounding the playwright's ideological concerns. Ibn Daniyal's possible worlds, seeking to harmonize the contending ideologies of Mamluk society, are familiar yet saliently delimited, as the theatrical frame through which they are induced is consciously highlighted.

Zweite Studienarbeit Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie Zürich, 2006.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Philosophy, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Freiburg (Breisgau), Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Sumergirse en la profundidad histórica de una obra poética es el desafío de esta investigación. Surgió por una inquietud de descubrir las relaciones que podían existir entre el desvelamiento de un mundo interior, centrado en la expresión lírica del amor ante un espacio público, en el que la lectura obtenía una amplia receptividad social. El personaje escogido fue Propercio y su obra Elegías la fuente principal, donde la temática amorosa aparece como el núcleo central, y propone paralelamente la posibilidad de reconstruir otros parajes históricos desprendidos del eje de este relato. Preguntarse por la existencia de estos textos -los cuales son obras artísticas-, nos sitúa en la problemática de lograr responder por los motivos de su inspiración, su construcción, su entorno, sus interpretaciones y su trascendencia, y nos enfrenta a la difícil posición de tantear posibilidades de afirmación. La primera incógnita que nos supuso la lectura de las Elegías, fue su fuerte motivación amorosa, que expresaba un alto grado de idealización hacia la mujer. Incontables veces había leído en los amantes y defensores de la Edad Media, que el amor había nacido con las novelas de caballería: el amor cortes era un descubrimiento feudal y que desde ese hecho literario comenzaba este sentimiento en Occidente. Me pareció observar en la elegía un arte mucho más sofisticado y un reflejo de una concepción trabajada de lo que llamaban Eros. ¿qué había de realidad en los lamentos de Propercio?, ¿y cuál era el sustento ideológico en que descansaba este sentimiento del mundo pagano? Las Elegías de Propercio son consideradas tan refinadas, con una descripción tan cotidiana y común a los sentimientos dramáticos del amor, que mi primera lectura fue plenamente emotiva. Desde este lugar pensamos que sería interesante proponerse reconstruir algunos fragmentos de ese mundo en el cual la elegía surgió como obra literaria, dentro de un círculo de selectos personajes. La idea era captar la realidad del pasado imperial bajo el prisma de este autor, que los libros nos sugieren como esplendoroso, dado el encandilamiento sistemático del cual se ha hecho el siglo de Augusto. Esto significaba lo mismo que representa la imagen de un puzzle desecho, sin un modelo de referencia y con las piezas en desorden.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jose_nf_me_fran.pdf: 8739864 bytes, checksum: b3f24e69c48de437f36c3febdc92011f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A construção da imagem de Augusto é algo muito estudado pela historiografia atual. Obras como a Eneida de Virgílio e muitos escritos de Horácio, de escritores contemporâneos a Otávio Augusto, são usadas como referências desta propaganda política, militar, social e ideológica do Principado Romano. Notam-se, a partir de obras como estas, as construções em torno da imagem de Augusto e o uso desta, para legitimar o novo sistema político que surgia em Roma. Ainda, durante este processo de legitimação e propaganda, foi-nos possível perceber como se dá a utilização de imagens de grandes personagens públicos romanos, tais como Júlio César e Marco Antônio, e como é construída a representação de Augusto, como Princeps, em torno de semelhanças e diferenças destes personagens. Sendo assim, nosso objetivo nesta presente pesquisa é analisar como se criaram representações em torno da imagem de Augusto, a partir da oposição das figuras de Júlio César e Marco Antônio. Para tanto, selecionamos obras de períodos e gêneros narrativos distintos, a fim de, com isso, conseguirmos um entendimento mais amplo acerca do período analisado. Trata-se das obras de Veléio Patérculo, História Romana, duas biografias de Plutarco, César e Antônio, presentes na obra Vidas Paralelas, e duas biografias – O Divino Júlio César e O Divino Augusto – de Suetônio, presentes em sua obra A Vida dos Doze Césares / The formation of Augustus’ image is something much studied by the historiography nowadays. Works like the Aeneid by Virgil and many Horace’s writings, from contemporary writers in time of Octavius Augustus are used as references from these political, military, social and ideological of the Roman Principality. It is noticed, from works like these, formations around the image of Augustus and the usage of it to legitimate the new political as starting in Rome. Yet, during this process of legitimacy and spreading, it was possible to realize how the usage of images of great Roman political people works, such as Julius Caesar and MarK Antony, how the representation of Augustus is formed like Princeps, around the resemblance and difference of these characters. Thus, our aim in this present research is to analyze how representations around the image of Augustus were formed from the opposition of images of Juius Caesar and Mark Antony. Because of that, we selected works from periods and distinct narrative genres so we could understand better about the analyzed period. It is about Velleius Paterculus’ works. Roman History, two Plutarcus biographies, Caesar and Antony, present in the work Parallel Lives and two biographies – The Divine Julius Caesar and the Divine Augustus – by Suetonius, presented in his work The Twelve Caesars

1950-talet var en tid med ekonomisk tillväxt och låg arbetslöshet. Det var en tid då hemmafruideologin var som starkast och kärnfamiljen var det ideala. Under denna tid, mellan 1950 och 1960 gjordes det sammanlagt 314 filmer i Sverige. 11 filmer av dessa har i denna uppsats analyserats med syftet att ta reda på hur familjen skildrades i de svenska 50-tals filmerna. Detta har gjorts utifrån frågeställnigar som: Hur gestaltades famlijen i svensk film på 50-talet? Hur så strukturen ut och hur var relationen mellan förälder och barn? Resultatet visar på att det är kärnfamiljen som gestaltas där mannen är familjeförsörjare och kvinnan är hemmafru. Filmerna har ett fokus på mannen och skildrar till stor del hans tid på arbetet och med olika dilemman. Kvinnan skildras mest i bild då mannen är hemma. Barnen i filmerna är inte ofta i bild och det sker nästa ingen skildring om föräldrarnas relation till barnen. Det som förs fram är att det finns en saknad efter fadern som allt för sällan är hemma. De färmsta problematiken som skildras i filmerna är relationen mellan föräldrarna. De har problem inom äktenskapet, mannen är otrogen eller sätter familjens situation på spel. Han har ett tomrum inom sig som han försöker fylla. Hon däremot har en dröm och en längtan efter det idylliska familjelivet och hon väntar på att allt ska vända sig och bli till det bättre. Överlag slutar alla filmer lyckligt. De inser hur viktigt det är att hålla ihop och att man aldrig ska ge upp.

Orientador: Flavio Ribeiro de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T09:12:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RochaJunior_RooseveltAraujoda_D.pdf: 2813810 bytes, checksum: cf6093712c864c346e60471a7a164df5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta Tese apresenta uma tradução para o português do livro Peri Mousikes, de Plutarco, acompanhada de notas. Além da tradução, apresenta-se também uma introdução e comentários ao texto. Na introdução, aborda-se o conteúdo do tratado (história da música grega e teoria musical); a questão da autoria; o problema da transmissão do texto; e, também, na introdução, apresenta-se uma breve iniciação à teoria musical grega e aos instrumentos musicais. Na parte dedicada aos comentários, trata-se de questões importantes presentes no tratado que pedem maiores esclarecimentos. Nessa parte, além disso, são relacionados temas que se encontram dispersos no texto de Plutarco, tentando assim oferecer uma costura mais coerente das idéias e assuntos discutidos / Abstract: This PhD dissertation presents a translation to the Portuguese of the book Peri Mousikes, by Plutarch, with notes. With the translation, it presents also an introduction and commentaries to the text. In the introduction, it deals with the treatise content (history of Greek music and musical theory); the authorship question; the text transmission problem; and, also, in the introduction, it presents a brief initiation to the Greek musical theory and to the study of the musical instruments. In the part dedicated to the commentaries, it deals with important questions present in the treatise which ask for more explanations. In this part, besides, some arguments, which are dispersed in Plutarch's text, are put in relation, trying in this way to offer a reading more coherent of the ideas and themes discussed. / Doutorado / Mestre em Linguística