Rapporten utreder om distributionstransformatorer med märkeffekten 50 kVA i Vattenfall Eldistribution AB:s elnät kan avskaffas till förmån för märkeffekten 100 kVA. Transformatorer med märkeffekten 50 kVA förekommer vid nedtransformering av spänningen från 22 kV och 11 kV till hushållens huvudspänning 0,4 kV. 50 kVA-transformatorer skiljer inte särskilt mycket från transformatorer med den högre märkeffekten i fråga om storlek och pris, och de bedöms kunna bytas ut utan större praktiska svårigheter. Fördelen med 100 kVA är att de elektriska belastningsförlusterna blir lägre i och med den högre märkeffekten. Dessutom innebär ett byte vissa elkvalitetsförbättringar. Nackdelarna med 100 kVA är att de elektriska tomgångsförlusterna är högre och att inköpspriset är högre än för 50 kVA. I övrigt kan kostnaderna likställas för de två alternativen. Endast kostnader för aktiva effektförluster berördes i rapporten då de ekonomiska kostnaderna för reaktiva effektförluster kunde försummas för de aktuella transformatorerna. För att nå ett svar på frågan om det kan vara lönsamt att avskaffa 50 kVA-transformatorerna studerades fem verkliga fall i Vattenfalls svenska elnät. Dessutom studerades eventuella elkvalitetsvinster med ett byte. Svaret blev att inte för något av de fem studerade fallen var det lönsamt med ett byte till 100 kVA-transformator. Rörande elkvalitetsaspekten blev svaret att ett byte visserligen innebär en skillnad men att andra faktorer oftast har större betydelse. Rapportens rekommendation blev att behålla 50 kVA-transformatorn i distributionsnätet.

Recently a powerful electron accelerator, 50 MeV race-track microtron, has been taken into clinical use. This gives the opportunity to treat patients with higher x-ray and electron energies than before. Furthermore, treatments can be performed were the entire fractional dose can be delivered in parts of a second. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high energy photons (up to 50 MV) was studied in vitro and in vivo. Oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 50 MV photons and RBE of 50 MeV electrons were investigated in vitro. Single-fraction experiments, in vitro, using V-79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts showed an RBE for 50 MV x-rays of approximately 1.1 at surviving fraction 0.01, with reference to the response to 4 MV x- rays. No significant difference in OER could be demonstrated. Fractionation experiments were carried out to establish the RBE at the clinically relevant dose level, 2 Gy. The RBE calculated for the 2 Gy/fraction experiments was 1.17. The RBEs for 20 MV x-rays and 50 MeV electrons were equal to one. In order to investigate the validity of these results, the jejunal crypt microcolony assay in mice was used to determine the RBE of 50 MV x-rays. The RBE for 50 MV x-rays in this case was estimated to be 1.06 at crypt surviving fraction 0.1. Photonuclear processes are proposed as one possible explanation to the higher RBE for 50 MV x-rays. Several studies of biological response to ionizing radiation of high absorbed dose rates have been performed, often with conflicting results. With the aim of investigating whether a difference in effect between irradiation at high dose rates and at conventional dose rates could be verified, pulsed 50 MeV electrons from a clinical accelerator were used for experiments with ultra high dose rates (mean dose rate: 3.8 x 10^ Gy/s) in comparison to conventional (mean dose rate: 9.6 x 10"^ Gy/s). V-79 cells were irradiated in vitro under both oxic and anoxic conditions. No significant difference in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) or oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) was observed for ultra high dose rates compared to conventional dose rates. A central issue in clinical radiobiological research is the prediction of responses to different radiation qualities. The choice of cell survival and dose response model greatly influences the results. In this context the relationship between theory and model is emphasized. Generally, the interpretations of experimental data are dependent on the model. Cell survival models are systematized with respect to their relations to radiobiological theories of cell kill. The growing knowledge of biological, physical, and chemical mechanisms is reflected in the formulation of new models. This study shows that recent modelling has been more oriented towards the stochastic fluctuations connected to radiation energy deposition. This implies that the traditional cell survival models ought to be complemented by models of stochastic energy deposition processes at the intracellular level. / <p>S. 1-44: sammanfattning, s. 47-130: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Zugl.: München, Universiẗat, Habil.-Schr., 2009.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Lais Quintella Malta Lessa1.pdf: 2945936 bytes, checksum: d3e25073feff799a26416c65c5cabb2c (MD5) Lais Quintella Malta Lessa2.pdf: 2673951 bytes, checksum: 5e8127363a4427999714a6d6021cfb71 (MD5) Lais Quintella Malta Lessa3.pdf: 2562198 bytes, checksum: a033cb82025efa8a63f7c56b684b3543 (MD5) Lais Quintella Malta Lessa4.pdf: 2789595 bytes, checksum: 0ae4ab36c01f425d2f3567ae6677a6a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-03 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Through an interdisciplinary analysis between art and publicity, this study seeks to establish the relationship amid the propaganda spread in the post-war period in the United States and the Pop Art Movement. Focusing the changes that have occurred in the season with these two issues will prove that what happened with the Movement Pop and advertising, may be established as a homogenous relationship, in which symbols, icons and popular myths were portrayed in ways similar to works by artists and advertising of the period studied. This uniformity will be revealed through a semiotic analysis of advertisements and works of the movement, to develop critical values that might widen the scope of professional actuation of communication, and allow the knowledge and approach the subject, in reflection of their creations committed to the social and economic juncture of the season. / Por meio de uma análise interdisciplinar entre arte e publicidade, o presente estudo busca estabelecer a relação em meio à propaganda veiculada no período do pós-guerra nos Estados Unidos e o Movimento Pop Art. Evidenciar as transformações ocorridas na época com essas duas temáticas irá comprovar que o ocorrido com o Movimento Pop e a publicidade, pode ser estabelecido como uma relação homogênea, na qual símbolos, mitos e ícones populares eram retratados de maneiras similares em trabalhos de artistas e publicitários do período estudado. Esta homogeneidade será revelada por meio de uma análise semiótica entre anúncios publicitários e obras do movimento, no sentido de desenvolver criticamente valores que possam ampliar as possibilidades de atuação dos profissionais da comunicação, assim como permitir o conhecimento e a abordagem do tema, na reflexão de suas criações comprometidas com a conjuntura social e econômica da época.

The subject of these graduation thesis is a draft of adaptation the existing indented intersection of roads I/50 and II/416 in Slavkov u Brna. Thesis include design of construction work intersection, which was made on the basis of direction research actual state and consequent capacitance calculation.

This thesis aims to describe the current state of employment of people over 50 in the Czech Republic, indicate the reasons and context of this situation and suggest possible solutions to the related issues. All these matters are explored within the context of the international development. The methods employed in this research are statistical analysis and the secondary analysis of documents. The research has brought evidence that Czech society has been changing enormously. Firstly, it is the ageing. And consequently, it faces the growing percentage of elderly people in the population, causing not only problems in the functioning of social protection systems, but also raising the necessity of changes in labour. Secondly, Czech society is undergoing a digital revolution. The increasing use of the Internet and new technologies transforms completely our way of living. The employment of people over 50 is becoming the economic necessity in our struggle to avoid the total collapse of social security systems, yet at the same time, it is complicated or sometimes even hindered by new demands on older workers by the digitalising economics. The importance of ICT competences and language knowledge grows constantly. However, elderly workers unfortunately lack these competences either entirely or at least...

[pt] Em 2017 o número de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais chegou a um bilhão, e atingirá os 2,1 bilhões em 2050 (ONU, 2017). No Brasil acrescenta-se o fato de estarmos envelhecendo em ritmo acelerado. Entre 1940 e 2017 (IBGE, 2018), passamos a viver 30 anos a mais. Nesse cenário, e sob o olhar do Design, esta tese busca contribuir para a longevidade com qualidade, a partir de serviços de extensão universitária. Para tanto, foram investigados e correlacionados os eixos temáticos: o público 50 mais (faixa etária correspondente à transição entre vida laboral e aposentadoria); empreendedorismo sênior (que inclui empreendedorismo social, autoempreendedorismo e intraempreendedorismo) e extensão universitária (conceito recorrentemente revisto em fóruns de pró-reitores de extensão). O percurso metodológico foi estabelecido a partir de minha atuação no Programa de Educação Continuada PUC-Rio mais de 50 e teve como base o Design de Serviços e métodos participativos, de observação participante e de associação livre de palavras. Este trabalho foi guiado pelo Design Emocional e resultou no Programa de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica Sênior PUC-Rio (PICT Sênior), caracterizado pela participação do 50 mais em grupos de pesquisa da PUC-Rio. Esse serviço, replicável, foi criado com a colaboração de professores pesquisadores de diversos departamentos da universidade, e com o suporte da Coordenação de Iniciação Científica; da Coordenação Central de Extensão, da Vice-Reitoria de Desenvolvimento e da gerencia de Recursos Humanos. O primeiro protótipo, realizado entre outubro de 2017 e setembro de 2018, atendeu seis 50 mais+; o segundo, com previsão de término para janeiro de 2020, atendeu o mesmo número de participantes. O PICT Sênior se revelou um novo caminho para o público 50 mais, oferecendo-lhe papeis de colaboradores e empreendedores da própria vida e confirmando a universidade como espaço para a promoção da longevidade com qualidade. / [en] In 2017 the number of people aged 60 and over has reached one billion, and will reach 2.1 billion by 2050 (UN, 2017). In Brazil we add that we are aging fast. Between 1940 and 2017 (IBGE, 2018), we started to live 30 years more. In this scenario and under the Design view, this thesis seeks to contribute to longevity with quality, from university extension services. To do so, the following thematic axes were investigated and correlated: the 50 public (the age range corresponding to the transition between working life and retirement); senior entrepreneurship (including social entrepreneurship, self-entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship) and university extension (a concept that is re- peatedly revised in extension pro-rector forums). The methodological course was established from my performance in the Continuing Education Program PUC-Rio mais de 50 and was based on the Design of Services and participatory methods, participant observation and free association of words. This work was guided by Emotional Design and resulted in the Programa de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica Sênior da PUC-Rio (PICT Senior), characterized by 50 participation in research groups at the PUC-Rio. This replicable service was created with the collaboration of research professors from various university departments, among others and support of the Coordination of Scientific Initiation; Central Extension Coordination; ViceDean of Development and Human Resources. The first prototype, carried out from October 2017 to September 2018, served six 50, and the second, scheduled to end in January 2020, met the same number of participants. The PICT Senior was a new way for the 50 audience, giving them a role of collaborator and entrepreneur of life itself, confirming the university as a space to promote longevity with quality.

South African industries are challenged with above inflation electricity tariffs which may affect their competitiveness within their relative markets. In order to successfully manage these rising electricity costs and ensuing top market competition, a well organised demand side management (DSM) strategy must be implemented. Energy service companies (ESCos) have been assisting Eskom, South Africa’s leading electricity utility, in managing energy projects around the country. These DSM projects have introduced remarkable electricity and cost savings. However, the need for a sustainable energy management system (EnMS) within these projects does exist. This dissertation illustrates and discusses an EnMS designed to achieve maximum possible energy savings performances. The ISO 9 001 (quality management), ISO 14 001 (environmental management) and ISO 50 001 (energy management) standards were integrated for the development and implementation of this system. It provides a framework for project engineers and industrial clients to apply before, during and after project implementation. The use of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle will be applied throughout the dissertation. The PDCA cycle follows basic steps recommended by the relevant ISO standards. This cycle emphasises the concept of continual improvement. The developed EnMS was successfully implemented on various DSM projects. This selection includes previously maintained and new implemented projects. An analysis between the implementation and post- implementation performances supports the achieved results. The results of the case studies are presented in this dissertation. This dissertation illustrates that the continual improvement of an ISO based EnMS will result in a sustainable increase in electricity savings. An overall increase in project quality can be defined and measured according to the electricity consumptions and electricity cost savings. These electricity cost savings from the selected projects resulted to nearly R18 million during project implementation. A total amount of R52 million was already saved during the maintenance phase of 2014. This cost savings only reflect the results of the eight selected projects for the first eight months in 2014. The EnMS explained in this dissertation indicates that a continually controlled framework can improve the quality of DSM project implementation and sustainability. With the flexibility of changing the system according to impulsive constraints and client demands, the system can be used with various DSM projects. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

South African industries are challenged with above inflation electricity tariffs which may affect their competitiveness within their relative markets. In order to successfully manage these rising electricity costs and ensuing top market competition, a well organised demand side management (DSM) strategy must be implemented. Energy service companies (ESCos) have been assisting Eskom, South Africa’s leading electricity utility, in managing energy projects around the country. These DSM projects have introduced remarkable electricity and cost savings. However, the need for a sustainable energy management system (EnMS) within these projects does exist. This dissertation illustrates and discusses an EnMS designed to achieve maximum possible energy savings performances. The ISO 9 001 (quality management), ISO 14 001 (environmental management) and ISO 50 001 (energy management) standards were integrated for the development and implementation of this system. It provides a framework for project engineers and industrial clients to apply before, during and after project implementation. The use of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle will be applied throughout the dissertation. The PDCA cycle follows basic steps recommended by the relevant ISO standards. This cycle emphasises the concept of continual improvement. The developed EnMS was successfully implemented on various DSM projects. This selection includes previously maintained and new implemented projects. An analysis between the implementation and post- implementation performances supports the achieved results. The results of the case studies are presented in this dissertation. This dissertation illustrates that the continual improvement of an ISO based EnMS will result in a sustainable increase in electricity savings. An overall increase in project quality can be defined and measured according to the electricity consumptions and electricity cost savings. These electricity cost savings from the selected projects resulted to nearly R18 million during project implementation. A total amount of R52 million was already saved during the maintenance phase of 2014. This cost savings only reflect the results of the eight selected projects for the first eight months in 2014. The EnMS explained in this dissertation indicates that a continually controlled framework can improve the quality of DSM project implementation and sustainability. With the flexibility of changing the system according to impulsive constraints and client demands, the system can be used with various DSM projects. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Ce mémoire de maîtrise s'intéresse aux sources médiatiques traditionnelles comme la télévision, les journaux, les livres et le cinéma en contexte touristique. Plus précisément, ce travail vise à comprendre dans quelle mesure les sources médiatiques participent au processus de décision de choix de destination voyage des personnes de 50 ans et plus. Pour ce faire, 16 Québécois de 50 ans et plus sont interrogés en entrevue individuelle. L'industrie touristique considère ces individus comme étant une clientèle de plus en plus importante, et ce, compte tenu de ses caractéristiques particulières. Les résultats de cette recherche sont principalement analysés à la lumière des notions liées aux attributs du récepteur et de l'approche des Uses and Gratifications. Les principales conclusions démontrent qu'il faut parler d'une influence relative des médias traditionnels dans le processus de choix de destination voyage des personnes de 50 ans et plus et dévoilent un fait surprenant, à savoir l'importance du discours des membres de l'entourage pour les voyageurs.