Asthma is a common complex disease that affects millions of people around the world. Studies indicate the increase in prevalence of asthma worldwide during the past century and report asthma as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Asthma can be considered as an important health condition in the UK that ranks amongst the countries with the highest rate of asthma prevalence, hospital admissions and mortality due to asthma. Asthma is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetics has an important role in development of asthma with the heritability of around 70% in most studies. To date, more than 100 asthma . associated genes have been identified but they account for only a small proportion of the heritability of asthma. The centerpiece of this thesis is the investigation of genetic association of cystatin and cathepsin genes with asthma and associated phenotypes including atopy and IgE levels. Cathepsinsl cystatins, as proteases and the related antiproteases have been suggested to have a role in airway remodeling. The investigation included three phases; initial association study, replication study in two independent samples sets and complementary analyses. Three sample panels were used in the studies; AUS1/UK1, MRC- AlMRC-E and DLM-4264. The results of this work identified CSTL 1 (cystatin like-1) associated with asthma and IgE levels.

L'asthme professionnel (AP) est la maladie respiratoire d'origine professionnelle la plus fréquente dans les pays industrialisés. Il s'agit d'une pathologie complexe dite « multifactorielle » mettant en jeu un grand nombre de facteurs de risques génétiques, constitutionnels, comportementaux et environnementaux. Sur le plan génétique, l'asthme professionnel représente un bon modèle pour l'étude de l'asthme chez l'adulte et les mécanismes d'interactions gène-gène-environnement masquant ou modulant l'effet de la génétique restent encore à élucider. Aucune étude épidémiologique sur l'asthme professionnel n'a examiné le rôle des facteurs génétiques à un stade très précoce de l'exposition aux allergènes et aux irritants aéroportés. Nous avons donc cherché dans un premier temps à évaluer le rôle de certains polymorphismes génétiques en rapport avec l'inflammation et l'allergie, à savoir les IL4RA, IL13, TNFa, IL1A et IL5, sur le déclin de la fonction pulmonaire, l'apparition d'une obstruction ou d'une hyperréactivité bronchiques et l'évolution du monoxyde d'azote exhalé (FeNO) chez 441 apprentis boulangers/pâtissiers et coiffeurs (étude MIBAP). Dans cette première partie nous observons des interactions entre IL13 R130Q/IL4RA S478P et IL13 R130Q//IL4RA Q551R et la diminution du volume expiratoire forcé ou de la capacité vitale forcée. Le génotype GG du TNFA-G308A a été trouvé associé à l'hyperréactivité bronchique dans l'ensemble de la population et chez les sujets non atopiques ; nous avons aussi observé que certaines interactions gène-gène étaient associées à une modification du FeNO au cours des deux années d'apprentissage. Dans un deuxième temps, des déterminants nutritionnels de l'asthme ont été explorés dans une population de jeunes travailleurs engagés dans ces métiers à risque depuis 3 à 10 ans (étude ABCD). Les apports en vitamines, principalement les vitamines A, C, E D, et en acides gras polyinsaturés omégas 3 et 6 ont été étudiés par questionnaire de fréquence, le diagnostic d'asthme professionnel étant réalisé au moyen d'une batterie d'outils (examen clinique, spirométrie et test de réversibilité d'une obstruction bronchique, mesure du FeNO et examen des taux sériques d'IgE spécifiques). Les résultats portant sur 31 cas d'asthme professionnel et 196 témoins montrent une différence en fonction de la filière : chez les boulangers-pâtissiers, aucun facteur nutritionnel n'est objectivé, contrairement au groupe des coiffeuses chez qui les asthmatiques présentent des apports plus élevés des vitamines A et D. Un déficit en B12 semble être un facteur de risque de survenue d'asthme professionnel et ce indépendamment de la filière. En revanche, aucune corrélation n'est trouvée avec les taux sériques de l'homocystéine et la vitamine B9. A travers ces études au sein de ces jeunes populations à risque, il ressort que l'expression de certains facteurs de risque de l'asthme professionnel sont modulables en fonction du type d'exposition. Des comportements alimentaires à l'environnement de travail, l'émergence d'une maladie telle que l'asthme professionnel fait appel à des facteurs multiples dont la plupart peuvent être contrôlés et limités par des mesures de prévention efficaces / Occupational asthma (OA) is the occupational respiratory disease most common in industrialized countries. It is a multifactorial disease involving a large number of risk factors genetic, constitutional, behavioral and environmental. At the genetic level, occupational asthma is a good model for the study of adult asthma and the mechanisms of interaction gene-gene-environment masking or modulating effect of genetic remain to be elucidated. None epidemiological studies on occupational asthma have examined the role of genetic factors in a very early exposure to allergens and airborne irritants. We initially assess the role of genetic polymorphisms related to inflammation and allergy, namely IL4RA, IL13, TNF, IL1A and IL5, on the decline of lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and increasing of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in 441 apprentice bakers / pastry-makers and hairdressers (MIBAP study). In this first part we observed interactions between IL13 and IL13 R130Q R130Q/IL4RA S478P / / IL4RA Q551R and decreased forced expiratory volume or forced vital capacity. The GG genotype of TNFA-G308A was found associated with bronchial hyperreactivity in the general population and in non-atopic subjects, we also observed that some gene-gene interactions were associated with a change in the FeNO after two years of training. In a second time, nutritionals determinants of asthma were investigated in a population of young workers employed in these occupations at risk from 3 to 10 years (ABCD study). Intake of vitamins, especially vitamins A, C, E,D, and polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 3 and 6 were studied by frequency questionnaire, the diagnosis of occupational asthma is achieved through a battery of tools (review clinical spirometry and reversibility of bronchial obstruction, FeNO measurement and examination of serum specific IgE). The results on 31 cases of occupational asthma and 196 controls showed a difference in terms of the sector: among bakers, no nutritional factor is objectified, unlike the hairdresser's asthmatics that have higher intakes vitamins A and D. B12 deficiency appears to be a risk factor for onset of occupational asthma regardless of the sector. In contrast, no correlation was found with serum levels of homocysteine and vitamin B9. Through studies in these young people at risk, it appears that the expression of certain risk factors of occupational asthma is flexible, depending on the type of exposure. The emergence of a disease such as occupational asthma involves multiple factors, most of which can be controlled and limited by effective preventive measures

Introduction : La toux est un symptôme fréquent dans l’asthme, en particulier à l’effort mais peu des choses sont connus quant aux mécanismes impliqués. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’établir le rôle de l’exercice dans la modulation du réflexe de toux (RT) sur un modèle de lapin anesthésié en ventilation spontanée, présentant une inflammation éosinophilique des voies aériennes. Méthode : Nous avons étudié 10 lapins sensibilisés à l’ovalbumine (OVA) et 8 lapins contrôles. La réponse ventilatoire à la stimulation mécanique trachéale (ST) a été analysée pour chaque lapin en conditions de repos et à l’exercice pour quantifier l’incidence et la sensibilité de la toux. Le lavage bronchioloalaveolaire (LBA) et le comptage cellulaire a été réalisé pour vérifier la présence d’une inflammation à éosinophiles chez les lapins sensibilisés à l’OVA. Pour reproduire l’exercice, des contractions musculaires au niveau des pattes arrière ont été induites par stimulation électrique (CME). Résultats : Au total, 494 ST ont été réalisées, 261 en repos et 233 à l’exercice. Le taux d’éosinophiles dans le LBA a été retrouvé significativement plus élevé chez les lapins sensibilisés à l’OVA (vs contrôles, p=0.008). La CME a permis une augmentation similaire de l’ordre de 35% de la ventilation minute chez les lapins sensibilisés à l’OVA et chez les lapins contrôles par rapport au repos. La sensibilité du RT a été retrouvée significativement diminuée à l’exercice par rapport au repos pour les lapins contrôles (p=0.0313) contrairement aux lapins sensibilisés à l’OVA pour lesquels elle reste inchangée. Conclusion : Le phénomène de “down-regulation” du RT à l’exercice décrit chez les lapins contrôles n’a pas été observé chez les lapins sensibilisés à l’OVA. D’autres études sont nécessaires afin d’établir le rôle spécifique de l’inflammation bronchique sur la disparition du phénomène de “down-regulation” de la toux à l’exercice chez les patients asthmatiques / Introduction: Cough is a major symptom of asthma frequently experienced during exercise but little is known about interactions between cough and exercise. The goal of our study was to clarify the potential modulation of the cough reflex (CR) by exercise in a spontaneously breathing anaesthetized animal model of airway eosinophilic inflammation. Materials & methods: Ten ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized rabbits and 8 controls were studied. The ventilatory response to direct (TS) performed both at rest and during exercise was determined to quantify the incidence and the sensitivity of the CR. Broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) and cell counts were performed to assess the level of the airway inflammation following OVA-induced sensitization. Exercise was mimicked by electrically induced hind limb muscular contractions (EMC). Results: Among 494 TS were performed, 261 at rest and 233 at exercise. The OVA sensitized rabbits have a higher level of eosinophil (p=0.008) in BAL. EMC increased minute ventilation by 36% in OVA rabbits vs 35% in control rabbits, compared to rest values. The sensitivity of the CR decreased during exercise compared to baseline in control rabbits (p=0.0313) while it remained unchanged in OVA rabbits. Conclusion: The down-regulation of the CR during exercise in control rabbits was abolished in OVA rabbits. The precise role of airway inflammation in this lack of CR downregulation needs to be further investigated but it might contribute to the exercise-induced cough in asthmatics

Background: It is unclear how far the superior efficacy of omalizumab, established in randomized controlled clinical trials of patients with severe allergic asthma (SAA), translates into routine practice and when compared to matched controls. Methods: New-onset omalizumab-treated (OT) patients with SAA (n = 53) were compared to a matched control group of usual-care (UC) patients (n = 53). Treatment and procedures were naturalistic. Subsequent to a baseline assessment, patients were followed up over at least 6 months with at least two follow-up assessments. Primary clinical outcomes were the number of asthma attacks, persistence of asthma symptoms and degree of control [asthma control test (ACT), Global Initiative for Asthma]. Secondary outcome criteria were quality of life (Euro-Qol 5D) and number of medications. For each outcome we compared within-group effects from baseline to 6-month follow-up as well as between-group effects. Results: OT patients showed significant improvements in number [effect size (ES) = 0.03] and frequency (ES = 0.04) of asthma attacks as well as asthma control (ES = 0.09), whereas controls revealed no significant improvements in these measures. Further improvements in the OT group were found for ‘perceived control always’ (ACT, p = 0.006), no impairment (ACT, p = 0.02), reduction of sickness days (p = 0.002) and number of medications needed (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Substantial beneficial effects of omalizumab, similar to those observed in controlled trials and after marketing studies, were confirmed, particularly with regard to the reduction of asthma attacks, persistence of symptoms, asthma control and reduction of concomitant asthma medications. This study provides a tougher test and generalizable evidence for the effectiveness of omalizumab in routine care.

Η ενδοθηλίνη-1 (ΕΤ-1) εμπλέκεται στην παθογένεση του βρογχικού άσθματος και της χρόνιας αποφρακτικής πνευμονοπάθειας (ΧΑΠ). Η ΕΤ-1 είναι μέλος μίας οικογενείας πεπτιδίων 21 αμινοξέων. Αρχικά σχηματίζεται ένα πεπτίδιο 208 αμινοξέων, η προ-προενδοθηλίνη. Στη συνέχεια, με τη δράση της μετατρεπτάσης της φουρίνης, σχηματίζεται ένα πεπτίδιο 38 αμινοξέων η big-ενδοθηλίνη και στη συνέχεια με τη δράση του μετατρεπτικού ενζύμου ενδοθηλίνης μετατρέπεται σε πεπτίδιο 21 αμινοξέων την ενδοθηλίνη η οποία κυκλοφορεί στο πλάσμα. Η ΕΤ-1 συνδέεται σε δύο τύπους υποδοχέων Α και Β. Οι υποδοχείς τύπου Α επικρατούν στα λεία μυϊκά κύτταρα των αγγείων και των βρόγχων. Οι υποδοχείς τύπου Β επικρατούν κυρίως στα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα και στα λεία μυϊκά κύτταρα των αεραγωγών. Κύριες θέσεις παραγωγής της ΕΤ-1 είναι το βρογχικό επιθήλιο, το ενδοθήλιο των πνευμονικών αρτηριών, τα ενδοθηλιακά και τα λεία μυϊκά κύτταρα των αγγείων. Οι δράσεις της ΕΤ-1 στους βρόγχους αφορούν στη συστολή των λείων μυϊκών ινών των αεραγωγών, στην αναδιαμόρφωση του τοιχώματος των βρόγχων, στην έκκριση βλέννης, στη διέγερση-απελευθέρωση άλλων μεσολαβητών φλεγμονής, σε μεταβολές στην διαπερατότητα των μικροαγγείων των αεραγωγών, στην νευρορρύθμιση και τέλος στην υπεραντιδραστικότητα των αεραγωγών. Στην παρούσα μελέτη εξετάστηκαν τα επίπεδα ΕΤ-1 ορού αρτηριακού αίματος 40 ασθματικών ασθενών στην έξαρση και στην ύφεση της νόσου. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης μας, τα επίπεδα της ΕΤ-1 στην έξαρση της νόσου ήταν αυξημένα σε σχέση με αυτά στην ύφεση. Υπάρχει θετική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στην ΕΤ-1 έξαρσης και ύφεσης ανά ασθενή. Αποδείχθηκε αρνητική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στην ΕΤ-1 έξαρσης και SatO2 έξαρσης καθώς και στην ΕΤ-1 ύφεσης και SatO2 ύφεσης, καθώς και μεταξύ ΕΤ-1 έξαρσης, FEV1 και FVC. Δεν βρέθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ ΕΤ-1 και καπνίσματος. Οι άντρες είχαν υψηλότερα επίπεδα ΕΤ-1 κατά την έξαρση της νόσου και κατά την ύφεση από ό,τι οι γυναίκες. Δεν υπάρχει στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στην χρόνια θεραπεία με κορτικοστεροειδή και στα επίπεδα ΕΤ-1 έξαρσης. Τέλος τα επίπεδα της ΕΤ-1 ύφεσης δεν συσχετίστηκαν με την διάρκεια ούτε τη δοσολογία της θεραπείας έξαρσης με κορτικοστεροειδή. Πιθανώς, η επινόηση ανταγωνιστών υποδοχέων ΕΤ-1, εκλεκτικών ή μη, να έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία στην θεραπεία του βρογχικού άσθματος υπό την έννοια της πρόληψης πνευμονικής υπερτάσεως σε ασθενείς με βαρύ άσθμα. / Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ET-1 is a member of a family of peptides of 21 amino-acids. The initial stage in the synthesis of ET-1 involves the formation of a 208-amino acid peptide, named pre-proendothelin, which is processed, via the activity of furin, to the 38-amino acid prohornon, big-endothelin-1, which is secreted and circulates in plasma. Big-ET-1 is then cleaved between Trp and Val to form ET-1 via an endopeptidase called “ET converting enzyme”. ET-1 binds to two types of receptors A and B. Receptors type A are expressed on vascular smooth muscle cells of vessels and bronchuses. Receptors type B are expressed predominantly on endothelial cells and to a much lesser extend on vascular smooth muscle cells. Main places of ET- 1 production are the bronchial epithelium, the epithelium of pulmonary arteries, the vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. ET-1 induces airway smooth muscle cell contraction, airway wall remodeling, mucus secretion, stimulation of the release of other mediators, changes in airway microvascular permeability neuromodulation and finally airway hyperresponsiveness. In the present study, we examined ET-1 arterial blood levels of 40 asthmatic patients during the exacerbation and the remission of the disease. According to the results of our study, the ET-1 levels during the exacerbation of the disease were increased concerning them, during the remission. ET-1 levels were negatively statistically significantly correlated with SatO2 during the exacerbation and the remission of the disease as well as between ET-1 levels, FEV1 and FVC during the exacerbation of the disease. There were not found statistically significant correlation between ET-1 and smoking. Men had higher ET-1 levels during the exacerbation and the remission of the disease, than women. There were not statistically significant correlation between chronic treatment with corticosteroides and the ET-1 exacerbation levels, as well as between treatment with corticosteroides during the exacerbation and the ET-1 remission levels. Probably, the invention of ET-1 receptor inhibitors (selected or not) has a particularly important meaning concerning treatment of bronchial asthma under the meaning of prevention of pulmonary hypertension in patients with heavy asthma.

The purpose of this study is to conduct an investigation of the lived experiences of asthma and sporting embodiment in non-elite sportspeople of different ages and levels of ability, involved in a range of sports. Asthma is characterised as a breathing disorder and the aim of this research is to add to embodied literature by providing ‘fleshy’ realities of the moving, sweating, sensuous sporting body, which holds meanings, purposes and interests for people who experience sport with asthma. Breathing is not only a physiological process, but it is also cultural and people may deal with their asthma symptoms in ways that reflect cultural attitudes embedded in sport. This qualitative study addresses five exploratory questions: 1) How do sportspeople experience asthma? 2) How do sportspeople negotiate their asthma and sporting identities? 3) How do emotional dimensions play a role in sportspeople’s asthma and sporting experiences? 4) How do perceptions of environment and illness shape one another by examining the relationship between the body, the self and environment? 5) What is the role of trauma in sportspeople with asthma? 6) How do key senses (sound) play a role in sportspeople’s asthma and embodied sporting experiences? Through a symbolic-interactionsist and phenomenological-inspired approach, this research places emphasis on the mind-body-self nexus in relation to sensory experiences with a focus upon the centrality of the ‘visceral’ body in the relationship between self-consciousness and the self. A bodily disruption (e.g., asthmatic attack) is likely to heighten awareness of the body-self and contingency and may amplify how sportspeople listen to their own embodied selves when engaged in sporting action. Therefore, sportspeople may become even more acutely aware of, and attuned to, their breathing in ways that link the physiological, the psychological, the social and the environment. This may lead to a permanent re-ordering/negotiation of identities (e.g., athletic identity - asthma identity) through ‘emotion work’ and ‘somatic (auditory) work’ in which a concern with the body is central. The findings are represented as a typology consisting of Conformers, Contesters and Creators, which may be used as a framework to assist health care and sporting professionals in developing more appropriate and effective rehabilitation regimes for sportspeople, in order to improve the quality of treatment and outcomes.

Contexte - Concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'asthme professionnel (AP), les évidences s'accumulent sur le fait que le processus inflammatoire menant à l'asthme clinique se développe tôt dans le cursus des travailleurs. L'étude ABCD - Asthme en Boulangerie et Coiffure Débutant - poursuit deux objectifs : 1) décrire l'évolution temporelle de l'incidence de l'AP au cours des premières années d'exposition de boulangers/pâtissiers (BP) et coiffeurs - secteurs reconnus à risque d'AP - et 2) identifier les facteurs de risque personnels, professionnels et nutritionnels influençant cette incidence. Méthode - L'étude ABCD repose sur deux facettes intriquées : (i) une cohorte longitudinale rétrospective d'anciens apprentis d'ancienneté croissante permettant l'estimation de l'incidence précoce de l'AP, et (ii) une étude de type cas-témoin nichée dans la cohorte explorant certains facteurs de risque de l'AP. Résultats - 866 sujets participèrent à l'étude qui mit en évidence une incidence cumulée de l'AP élevée lors des 4 premières années d'exposition chez les BP, et dans un moindre degré chez les coiffeurs. Le risque d'AP dépend du statut atopique chez les BP ; il est positivement associé, chez les coiffeurs, à l'intensité de l'exposition et, dans une moindre mesure, à l'indice de masse corporelle et à certains facteurs nutritionnels. Conclusions - Cette étude a permis de produire des données originales sur l'incidence précoce de l'asthme professionnel. Ces données constituent un support pour le développement de campagnes de prévention, notamment pour la détection précoce de la maladie dès les premières années d'exposition. / Context - Regarding the natural history of occupational asthma (OA), there is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process leading to clinical asthma appears early after inception of exposure. The ABCD study (French acronym for early asthma in bakery and hairdressing) aims to answer two objectives: 1) describe the temporal evolution of the OA incidence in the early years of exposure of bakers/pastry-makers (BP) and hairdressers - occupations known at risk of OA - and 2) identify personal, occupational and nutritional risk factors. Method - The ABCD study has two intertwined facets: (i) a retrospective longitudinal cohort of past apprentices of increasing seniority allowing to estimate the early incidence of OA, and (ii) a nested case-control study allowing to explore some risk factors of OA. Results - 866 subjects participated to the study. The ABCD study shows a high cumulative incidence of OA during the first 4 years of exposure among BP, and in a lesser extent, among hairdressers. While the OA risk depends on atopic status for BP, it is positively associated, for hairdressers, with exposure intensity and, to a lesser extent, to body mass index and with a variety of nutritioal factors. Conclusions - This study produced original data on early incidence of OA. These data may provide support for the development of preventive action, in particular for the detection of OA in the early years of exposure.

The study sought to identify reasons for non-compliance among a particular medical aid scheme's members and their dependants registered for the asthma disease risk management (DRM) programme. A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken, using postal questionnaires. The research results indicated that most asthma patients were not compliant with the DRM programme because they lacked knowledge about the programme. Asthma patients' compliance with the DRM programme can be enhanced by health providers' and case managers' positive attitudes, better promotion of the programme, and by involving the patients in managing their illnesses. Asthma patients require education about healthy lifestyles, empowering them to successfully manage their condition, preventing asthma attacks and/or hospital admissions. When asthma is well-managed the patients' quality of life and general wellbeing will improve and the medical aid scheme's costs will be contained. / HEALTH STUDIES / MA (HEALTH STUDIES)

The study sought to identify reasons for non-compliance among a particular medical aid scheme's members and their dependants registered for the asthma disease risk management (DRM) programme. A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken, using postal questionnaires. The research results indicated that most asthma patients were not compliant with the DRM programme because they lacked knowledge about the programme. Asthma patients' compliance with the DRM programme can be enhanced by health providers' and case managers' positive attitudes, better promotion of the programme, and by involving the patients in managing their illnesses. Asthma patients require education about healthy lifestyles, empowering them to successfully manage their condition, preventing asthma attacks and/or hospital admissions. When asthma is well-managed the patients' quality of life and general wellbeing will improve and the medical aid scheme's costs will be contained. / HEALTH STUDIES / MA (HEALTH STUDIES)

Les asthmes en relation avec le travail (ART) incluent l’asthme professionnel (AP), dû à des causes et conditions attribuables à un environnement professionnel particulier, et l’asthme aggravé par le travail (AAT), qui est une forme pré-existante ou coïncidente d’asthme, aggravée par l’environnement professionnel. Le diagnostic des ART constitue un véritable enjeu. Le premier chapitre est une revue de la littérature, mettant en évidence les points discutés et notamment la place éventuelle des marqueurs de l’inflammation. Le deuxième chapitre présente une analyse de données épidémiologiques chez 417 apprentis coiffeurs et boulangers, des filières à risques d’AP. Des modèles mixtes montrent une association entre le degré de sensibilisation à douze allergènes communs et l’hyperréactivité bronchique (HBR) ainsi que les niveaux de FeNO expiré. Ce dernier est plus élevé de 83% (p<0,01) chez les sujets fortement sensibilisés et de 30% chez les sujets faiblement sensibilisés (p<0,01) comparé au groupe des sujets non sensibilisés. Le troisième chapitre relate l’élaboration d’un protocole de recherche (ARPEIGE) visant à acquérir des connaissances cliniques, épidémiologiques et économiques sur les ART, et aux développement et choix des outils et algorithmes décisionnels. L’analyse des questionnaires de repérage montre qu’en visite de routine en médecine du travail, une part non négligeable de salariés déclare des symptômes respiratoires évoquant un asthme actif, dont certains pourraient être en lien avec le travail. Ce protocole met en évidence la difficulté d’effectuer un dépistage des ART par le faible taux de retours des questionnaires approfondis. Malgré l’importance du diagnostic des ART, les stratégies diagnostiques restent discutées. Si les données chez les apprentis ont montré une association entre certains marqueurs de l’inflammation bronchique (FeNO) et des marqueurs d’atopie (tests cutanés), leur place dans le diagnostic clinique de l’asthme reste discutée. Au-delà des stratégies visant au diagnostic individuel, se pose également la question des stratégies diagnostiques utilisables en population professionnelle. Dans l’étude ARPEIGE, un questionnaire de repérage des symptômes fournit des données relatives à la prévalence des symptômes évocateurs d’asthme. Cependant, peu de sujets repérés acceptent de poursuivre les investigations, d’où l’importance de réfléchir à des stratégies qui permettraient un dépistage des ART au-delà de l’étape de repérage. / Work-related asthma (WRA) includes work aggravation of preexisting asthma (WEA) and new-onset asthma induced by occupational exposure (OA). Making an accurate diagnosis of WRA is important, the condition having significant health consequences and substantial socio-economic impacts. The first part is based on a literature review including data on prevalence, risk factors and diagnosis procedures of WRA. The issues in diagnosing WRA are also discussed, as well as the use of airway inflammation markers (FeNO levels and sputum eosinophils). The second part shows an analysis of epidemiological data in 417 apprentices in baking, pastry-cooking and hairdressing, which are populations at risk of OA. Mixed-effect models were applied and showed that the degree of sensitization was related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and FeNO levels. Compared to non-sensitized subjects, FeNO levels were 83% higher (p>0,01) in highly sensitized subjects and 30% higher (p<0,01) in weakly sensitized subjects. The third part describes the protocol of a field study aiming to collect new data on clinical, epidemiological and economical aspects of WRA. It focuses especially on the design of tools and decision algorithms, such as a screening questionnaire, and more advanced questionnaires on control, quality of life, expositions and socio-economic consequences, and a peak-flow journal. Screening results show that a substantial number of workers declare asthma-like respiratory symptoms, some of which being possibly related to work. Despite the importance of WRA diagnosis, diagnostic procedures are still being discussed. Although the apprentice study showed an association between airway inflammation markers (FeNO levels) and atopy markers (prick-tests), their use in the diagnostic procedure is still under discussion. Diagnostic procedures that could be used in populations at work are also subject to think about, in particular in epidemiological study, with the difficulty of differentiating OA from WEA. Thus, in the ARPEIGE study, a screening questionnaire was useful to collect data on asthma-like respiratory symptoms. Nevertheless, few screened workers agreed to go further and fill in the peak flow journal. Similarly, in the literature asthma and COPD screening campaigns using spirometry seemed difficult to implement. There is a lack of strategies that would enable a more accurate screening of WRA.