No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Poly Brominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are known flame retardants with highly persistent and lipophilic in nature. The continued usage of PBDE in various products amplifies the human burden of PBDEs. It is therefore, important to study the potential toxicological and/or biological effects of PBDE exposure in human. In this study we investigated the mode of action of PBDE induced toxicity in human liver by exposing human hepatocarcinoma cells in a time (24-72h) and dose (0-100μM) dependent manner. The highest test dose caused an inhibition in cell viability up to 50% after 72h, whereas lower doses (<50μM) showed slight increase in cell viability. Likewise, higher doses caused significant accumulation of intracellular ROS over time. Further, increase in caspase-3 enzyme levels and DNA fragmentation showed that, lower brominated PBDEs induce liver toxicity through accumulation of toxic metabolites and reactive oxygen species over time leading to caspase-mediated apoptotic cell death.

In conducting this study I want to give more clarity about the New Companies Act and how it compares to the Current Companies Act. According to the study and the results, the New Companies Act gives more protection to, specifically the shareholders and the creditors. The New Companies Act is much wider in some instances and gives more clarity. On the other hand the are still a lot of aspects that needs to be addressed. In this study I took a look at Sections 38, 226 and 85 of the Current Companies Act and then I compared it to Sections 44, 45, and 48 of the New Companies Act. With all the changes that have been brought to the New Companies Act it now, puts South African Law in line with the International standards of Company Law. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / En Chile, en especial desde la ratificación de la Convención de los Derechos del Niño, y de su incorporación a nuestro ordenamiento como instrumento jurídicamente vinculante, se han realizado múltiples esfuerzos a fin de brindar a la infancia la protección que realmente necesita. Entre las reformas planteadas a nuestro sistema jurídico está la nueva Ley de Tribunales de Familia N° 19.968, en virtud de la cual la tramitación respecto a las medidas de protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes sufrió una importante modificación en especial en atención a sus plazos, principios rectores y forma de tramitación. Los móviles determinantes para la realización del presente estudio fueron la observación de casos sobre medidas de protección tramitados en la ciudad de Punta Arenas y el contacto directo con menores internados en un hogar de menores de la misma ciudad, a raíz de medidas de protección tramitadas a su favor, en virtud de lo cual surgieron una serie de dudas e inquietudes relativas a la tramitación de este tipo de causas y a las razones que determinaron la sentencia en cada uno de los casos. Para ello, se escogieron cuarenta causas sobre medidas de protección, tramitadas ante el tribunal de familia de la ciudad de Punta Arenas, durante un determinado período de tiempo, para lo cual se contó con el apoyo de profesionales de la Corporación de Asistencia Judicial también partícipes en la tramitación de dichas causas, a fin de acceder a los autos virtuales de las mismas, siempre resguardando la confidencialidad y reserva que ameritan este tipo de antecedentes, teniendo en mente el objetivo final de brindar mayores luces respecto a la tramitación de estas causas, a las principales causas que las originan, a las medidas más frecuentemente adoptadas y a las medidas que finalmente resolvió adoptar el tribunal de familia a través de su sentencia definitiva. Algunas conclusiones de este estudio dicen relación con un favorable aspecto detectado de la tramitación del tribunal de familia, en cuanto a que la medida de internación del menor en un centro residencial, principal foco de este trabajo, fue dictada siempre como última instancia en pro del resguardo de los derechos del menor, después de repetidos intentos por parte del tribunal y de las entidades de protección al menor responsables, de involucrar a los padres en el mejor cuidado de sus hijos y en el fortalecimiento de sus habilidades parentales, y después de constatar que estos esfuerzos no han dado reales frutos que redunden en el beneficio del menor involucrado. Otras conclusiones dijeron relación con el haber constatado en la mayoría de los casos el cumplimiento de los plazos estipulados por la Ley de Tribunales de Familia, así como el resguardo de los principios rectores de esta nueva ley, especialmente el interés superior del menor y el derecho del mismo a ser oído

This dissertation critically analyses the business rescue regime, with a specific focus on those attributes of the regime which detrimentally affect creditors. The main aspects which will be critically analysed include, the moratorium, the effect of business rescue on suretyships and the costs of business rescue. Examples will be used to illustrate the ways in which the business rescue regime is disproportionately slanted in favour of debtor companies as opposed to their creditors. Proposals as to how the regime can be developed to balance the competing interests of debtor companies and their creditors will also be made. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Corporate Law))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Mercantile Law / LLM (Corporate Law) / Unrestricted

This is a research analysis on whether the Companies Act 71 of 2008 (the Act) balances the competing rights and interests of stakeholders affected by an affected transaction and fundamental transaction, and the remedial procedures triggered by these transactions. The new regime relating to fundamental transactions and affected transactions in the Act has, in practice, presented a number of legal questions, the answers to which are not readily apparent from the Act itself.1 These innovative provisions have also brought with them some fear and anxiety for a number of small and medium sized private companies as the administrative duties associated with the regulation of these transactions are fairly onerous and costly.2 The Companies Act 71 of 2008 aims:  “to provide for the incorporation, registration, organisation and management of companies, the capitalisation of profit companies, and the registration of offices of foreign companies carrying on business within the Republic;  to define the relationships between companies and their respective shareholders or members and directors;  to provide for equitable and efficient amalgamations, mergers and takeovers of companies;  to provide for efficient rescue of financially distressed companies; to provide appropriate legal redress for investors and third parties with respect to companies;  to establish a Companies and Intellectual Property Commission and a Takeover Regulation Panel to administer the requirements of the Act with respect to companies, to establish a Companies Tribunal to facilitate alternative dispute resolution and to review decisions of the Commission;  to establish a Financial Reporting Standards Council to advise on requirements for financial record-keeping and reporting by companies;  to repeal the Companies Act, 1973 (Act No. 61 of 1973), and make amendments to the Close Corporations Act, 1984 (Act No. 69 of 1984), as necessary to provide for a consistent and harmonious regime of business incorporation and regulation; and  to provide for matters connected therewith.” 3 The Act aims for a more flexible approach that has a balance between accountability and transparency, with less regulatory burden. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Corporate Law))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Mercantile Law / LLM (Corporate Law) / Unrestricted

Recently, the South African Legislature partially codified the common law duties of directors with the Companies Act, 71 of 2008 (hereafter referred to as „the 2008 Companies Act‟) which came into effect on 1st May 2011. Chapter 2 of the 2008 Companies Act is dedicated to the formation, administration and dissolution of companies. „Part F‟ thereof elaborately provides for governance of companies, and section 76 contained therein requires directors and other company office bearers to meet the standards of directors‟ conduct as prescribed therein. All of these duties are in accordance with the principles of common law as indicated in section 77 subsection (2) (a) where non-compliance will attract legislated liabilities as provided for in section 77 of the 2008 Companies Act. While the standards of directors‟ conduct remains within the bounds of common law, what impact will this codification have on South Africa‟s corporate law? And what are the realities of its enforcement? / Dissertation LLM--University of Pretoria, 2012. / hb2014 / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Magister Legum - LLM / Before the 1990s, corporate governance was a very rarely used term within the business world.1 Corporations over time have become more influential, larger and more complex within the global economy; therefore to ensure that they are operating on an economic and ethical basis, corporate governance has become more defined.2 Corporate governance can be defined as the procedures and methods that are used in order to ensure the functioning, direction and structure of a corporation.3 Not only can its key elements be described as procedures and methods but also a system of principles, policies, procedures, and clearly defined responsibilities and accountabilities. Corporate governance has roots in ethical behavior and business principles, with the goal of creating long-term value and sustainability for all stakeholders, thus including directors.4 This practice of good corporate governance by directors is used to promote equity and deters fraud and other deceptive practices.

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No description available.