This thesis is divided into four sections. The first chapter deals with Mamlūk historiography and its major characteristics, alongside an examination of the life al' Aynī's, who was one of the most prominent historians of the period. Special attention is paid to his professions, masters, students as well as his numerous works. Chapter two, on the other hand, focuses on the copies of 'Iqd al-jumān fi tārīkh ahl al-zamān, mentioning the published volumes that covered most of the Ayyūbid and Mamlūk eras. The rest of this chapter deals with the methodology used in the edition of Volume eleven (431-520/1040-1126) as well as demonstrating its importance and sources. Chapter three presents an edition of the Arabic text of Volume eleven. Chapter four is a separate volume, which initially deals with the life and works of the historian Muḥammad b. 'Abd al-Malik al-Hamadhānī. The rest of chapter examines the historical fragments from his lost historical book, called 'Unwān al-siyar fī maḥāsin ahl al-Badū wa'-l Ḥaḍr, also known as Al-Ma'ārif al-muta'akhkhira: these fragments are to be found in Volume eleven of the 'Iqd al-jumān. At the end of this chapter, the Arabic text is reconstructed and its biographical materials, are reorganised in alphabetical order.

Η παρούσα μελέτη έχει ως στόχο τη διερεύνηση της δυναμικής του αλιευτικού στόλου της Ελλάδας και άλλων κρατών-μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (Ε.Ε.). Το εργαλείο που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τη διερεύνηση είναι το Κοινό Αλιευτικό Μητρώο (Κ.Α.Μ., Community Fleet Register). Το Κ.Α.Μ. είναι μια βάση δεδομένων των εγγεγραμμένων αλιευτικών σκαφών της κάθε χώρας με στοιχεία που αφορούν τα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά τους (μήκος, ισχύς κινητήρα, χωρητικότητα, αλιευτικά εργαλεία) καθώς και άλλες σημαντικές πληροφορίες (έτος κατασκευής, ένταξης στο στόλο, απόσυρσης κ.α.). Επιπλέον, αποτελεί το μοναδικό κοινό και ταυτόχρονα αξιόπιστο εργαλείο αναφοράς μεταξύ των κρατών-μελών της Ε.Ε. Οι επιμέρους στόχοι της μελέτης θα μπορούσαν να συνοψιστούν στους παρακάτω: α) η μεταβολή στο χρόνο των κλάδων της αλιείας (μικρή, μέση, υπερπόντια) και των τεχνικών χαρακτηριστικών των σκαφών που τις απαρτίζουν, β) η διερεύνηση για τη μείωση της αλιευτικής πίεσης μέσω των διαφόρων μεταρρυθμιστικών μέτρων στα οποία έχει προβεί η κοινότητα (MAGP I-IV), γ) η ύπαρξη ή όχι κοινού προτύπου μείωσης στα διάφορα κράτη-μέλη και τέλος δ) η εξέλιξη της δυναμικής του στόλου στις πιο εξαρτώμενες από την αλιεία περιοχές και οι διαφορές που αυτές παρουσιάζουν σε σχέση με το γενικό μοντέλο κάθε κράτους-μέλους στο οποίο ανήκουν. Η μελέτη αυτή είναι σημαντική λόγω της εξέχουσας θέσης που κατέχει η Ελλάδα στον Ευρωπαϊκό αλιευτικό στόλο αλλά και της ιδιομορφίας της. Είναι χαρακτηριστικό ότι το 20% περίπου των σκαφών του κοινοτικού στόλου είναι νηολογημένο στην Ελλάδα, αλλά αντιστοιχεί σε λιγότερο από το 5% της συνολικής χωρητικότητας και το 8% της ισχύος κινητήρα. Επίσης, γίνεται προσπάθεια να αναδειχθούν οι διαφορές μεταξύ χωρών και ιδιαίτερα περιοχών με διαφορετικά επίπεδα εξάρτησης από την αλιεία. Παράλληλα όμως, μπορεί να συμβάλλει στην προσπάθεια του γενικότερου πλάνου διαχείρισης της αλιείας στην Ε.Ε., μέσω των διαφόρων μεταρρυθμιστικών μέτρων για τη μείωση της αλιευτικής πίεσης με στόχο τη σταθεροποίηση και τη διατήρηση των ιχθυαποθεμάτων. / The present study has as a main goal to investigate the fishing fleet dynamics of Greece and the Member States of European Union. The tool that was used to achieve this goal was the Community Fleet Register which is a database that contains all fishing vessels of each Member State. The data for each vessel are classified in those that concern technical characteristics of the vessel (length, engine power, vessel’s gross tonnage, fishing gears) and other types of data (construction year, commission year , decommission year). Furthermore, Community Fleet Register is the only common and accurate tool that can serve as reference database for vessels characteristics among the member states of E.U. the objectives of this study can be summarized into these: a) the change through time of the fishing fleet segments (small scale fishery, industrial fishery, b) the investigation about the reduction of fishing effort through the structural policies of E.U. from the start of Common Fisheries Policy, c) the presence or not of a common reduction profile among the Member States and d) the fleet dynamics of E.U. fisheries most dependent areas with the differences that may be appeared from the general model of each Member State they belong. The importance of this study consists in the leading role of Greece at Community’s. Fishing Fleet and simultaneously it’s significant structure. It is common knowledge that although approximately the 20% E.U.’ s fishing vessels are registered in Greece only 5% of total tonnage and 8% of total engine power are entitled in Greek fishing vessels. At the same time there is an effort to come up with the differences between the Member States with different fisheries dependence level. Ultimately, this study tries to contribute to the efforts of a holistic E.U. fisheries management, throughout the policies for the reduction of fishing effort, aiming to a sustainable and viable fisheries sector.

This thesis discusses concepts of cosmopolitism and peripherality in the Greek and wider European goth scene. The research took place primarily in Greece but extended to Germany, the United Kingdom and online as I followed the movement of Athenian goths who were searching for connectivity, hybridity and their cosmopolitan selves. In living a hybrid cosmopolitan identity, goths regularly challenge national stereotypes and transgress international boundaries. But sometimes the complexities of goth cosmopolitan identity may also contain unpalatable aspects, such as hard-core Greek or German nationalism and views that verge on xenophobia or anarchism that are seemingly at odds with the ‘open' and ‘egalitarian' persona put forward by Athenian goths. It is through performance (particularly dance) that Athenian goths choose to express their beliefs and desires, blending aspects of the contemporary goth scene with twists of ‘traditional' Greek ideas. Often performance, with all its paradoxes and hybrid contradictions, says more than words. Movement is at the centre of goth identity; the movement of ideas on social media, the physical movement of goths to overseas festivals and the exchange of opinions among goths at nightclubs in Athens all contribute to a hybrid cosmopolitan identity of a group of people who reside both on the geographical periphery of Europe and on the periphery of their own society. Goth identity is hybrid and complex with layers of peripherality being channelled toward becoming an ever-developing cosmopolitan subject. This thesis focuses on the core aspects of the goth life-project which aim for individuality, connectivity, movement and inclusivity. Being able to creatively display one's hybrid cosmopolitanism is the very essence of what it is to be goth.

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This thesis presents a first archaeological introduction to the study of Byzantine ports, harbours and other coastal installations in the region of Thessaly. Thessaly not only constitutes an ideal region to gain equal information for the Early- to the Late Byzantine periods, but also to compare independent regional and imperial central building activities. However, in particular Thessaly’s maritime connectivity has never been studied in detail before. As such, a first step into a terra incognita, the thesis is divided into two main sections: In order to conceptualize the study of harbour sites, the thesis first sets up a framework for the definition, understanding and interpretation of the physical features of harbours and their function and purpose. Taking into account influencing environmental conditions, such as natural, economic, social and political components, this helps to determine an accurate hierarchical model and to illustrate the interrelationship between different types and forms of harbour sites. Subsequently, comprehensive archaeological investigations around the island of Skiathos and other harbour sites in Thessaly, executed in 2012 and 2013, are set against this theoretical groundwork. In contrast to the common approach of regional studies, where a first general overview is followed by individual detailed case-studies, the opposite methodology is undertaken in order to achieve a systematic study of the Thessalian harbours and the complexity of their network system. Consequently, the collection of data starts from the analysis of a distinct area of a region and continues with the broader regional picture of primary ports, secondary harbours and staple markets. Functioning as an important junction of the Aegean shipping lanes and being involved in regional as well as supra-regional trade and port networks, focus is therefore primarily dedicated to the island of Skiathos. A joint survey project in cooperation with the Greek Ephorate for Underwater Antiquities (EEA), the 13th Greek Ephorate for Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities and the 7th Greek Ephorate for Byzantine Antiquities was initiated by the author in 2012. A number of sites, including harbour installations and other coastal infrastructures, have been detected, documented and subsequently verified by geophysical prospections, using a Sub-bottom profiler and Side-Scan Sonar, in 2013. These have allowed to draw a clear historical picture of architectural developments, port networks and changes in the socio-economic connectivity of the area. Followed by a close investigation of further harbour sites throughout the entire region of Thessaly during two field seasons between 2012 and 2013, the detailed picture gained from the Skiathos survey project is brought to a wider context. This comparison finally allows an overall picture of the history and architectural developments of harbour structures and associated coastal sites, as well as general conclusions concerning the hierarchy and port network in the region during the Early to Late Byzantine periods. This has allowed a comprehensive understanding of the growth, use and decline of various ports, harbours and staple markets within Thessaly and has important repercussions for our understanding of wider social and economic changes that were occurring during these periods, such as the rise of the church as a powerful economic institution or the increasing activities of private entrepreneurs. In this way the submerged maritime heritage of Thessaly has provided a rich new resource with which to understand the cultural dynamics of the region as it emerged from its peripheral location to comprising major ports within the Roman maritime network and to stand out of the heart of the commercial route ways to and from Constantinople, as well as being part of the emergent networks of the western maritime states at the end of the period, such as Venice.

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