Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-02-10T16:04:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 diss_ester.pdf: 3276457 bytes, checksum: 2f3a592de87bbe6d66b7ce2df19a3748 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T16:04:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 diss_ester.pdf: 3276457 bytes, checksum: 2f3a592de87bbe6d66b7ce2df19a3748 (MD5) / Esta dissertação visa a analisar o fenômeno do humor em um espetáculo de comédia no gênero stand-up sob a ótica da Linguística Cognitiva. Vários estudos sobre o discurso humorístico já foram realizados com foco nos aspectos linguísticos (TRAVAGLIA, 1990; POSSENTI, 1998; CARMELINO, 2009; SCHWARZ, 2010), nossa proposta é demonstrar que as teorias cognitivas podem contribuir para explicar o fenômeno do humor de uma forma ainda não abordada pela linguística mais tradicional. Nosso objetivo é investigar quais são os processos cognitivos que ocorrem no momento da punch-line – onde existe a expectativa do riso. O fenômeno do humor, baseado nas teorias linguísticas cognitivas, tem sido foco de estudo de vários pesquisadores (ATTARDO, 1994; RASKIN, 1979; COULSON, 2001; FAUCONNIER, 1984; FELTES, 2009; COSCARELLI, 2009; KRIKMANN, 2006). Nossa hipótese é que podemos compreender o sentido dos discursos da comédia de stand-up através das seguintes teorias: (i) Frame (FAUCONNIER, 1998, 2002, 2003; FILLMORE, 1984; COULSON, 2001; LAKOFF, 2004; KOESTLER, 1964; RITCHIE, 2004; MINSKY, 1974), e (ii) Teoria dos Espaços Mentais e sua extensão: Mesclagem Conceptual (FAUCONNIER, 2003; TURNER, 2003; KÖVECSES, 2006). Lakoff (2004) afirma que segundo a Ciência Cognitiva nós, seres humanos, pensamos através de frames, e para uma pessoa compreender uma verdade, o que foi dito precisa ter alguma relação com o conhecimento enciclopédico registrado em nossas sinapses, em nosso cérebro. Os temas usados nos espetáculos de comédia stand-up, como: racismo, política, casamento, sexo, etc., servem de pano de fundo para que o comediante alcance o efeito do humor da plateia. Geralmente, esses temas envolvem opiniões socialmente controversas, gerando uma oposição de frames, causando uma incongruência entre os frames da narrativa. O discurso humorístico tem como característica a resolução de uma incongruidade e é esperado que o humor surja no exato momento de sua resolução - quando um frame, considerado estável, por ser aceito culturalmente é mesclado por um novo frame, considerado episódico ou emergente. Dessa forma, temos na teoria da mesclagem conceptual base suficiente para, de forma mais pontual, analisarmos o discurso humorístico, por ser este um processo rico em mesclagens. E estas desvelam, sempre novas maneiras de observar a realidade, pois apontam novos sentidos. Para análise, escolhemos como corpus o espetáculo de comédia no gênero stand-up, Kill the Messenger, protagonizado pelo comediante Chris Rock, em sua turnê Mundial de 2008. Até o momento presente, supomos ser a primeira análise de comédia stand-up em pesquisas no Brasil. / This work aims to analyze the phenomenon of humor of a show of stand-up comedy, under the focus of the Cognitive Linguistics. Many studies about the humor discourse have already been made focusing on linguistics aspects (TRAVAGLIA, 1990; POSSENTI, 1998, CARMELINO, 2009; SCHWARZ, 2010). Our proposal is that the cognitive theories could contribute to explain the phenomenon of humor in a way not yet seen by the traditional linguistic. Our goal is to investigate which cognitive process occurs during the punch line – where one finds the laughter expectation. The humor phenomenon – based on the linguistic cognitive theories – have been the object of study of many researchers (ATTARDO, 1994, RASKIN, 1979, 1985; COULSON, 2001; FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2004; FELTES, 2009; COSCARELLI, 2009, KRIKMANN, 2006). Our hypothesis is that we can find the meaning of stand-up comedy discourse through the following theories: (i) Frame (FAUCONNIER, 1998, 2002, 2003; FILLMORE, 1984; COULSON, 2001, LAKOFF, 2004; RITCHIE, 2004; MINSKY, 1974; KOESTLER, 1964), (ii) Mental Spaces Theory and its extension: Conceptual Blending (FAUCONNIER 2003, TURNER, 2003; KÖVECSES, 2006). Lakoff (2004) says that according to the Cognitive Science people think in Frames. Thus, what is said only will make any sense to us if the concepts fits into our frames, registered in our brain’s synapses. The themes used in the stand-up comedy scripts, such as: racism, politics, marriage, sex, and so on, are the background that allows the comedian to work his way through the audience’s laughter. Overall, these themes evolve controversy social opinions, which could launch frame oppositions, causing incongruity between the narrative’s frames. The humor discourse has as characteristic the resolution of one incongruity and it is expected to humor to show up at this exact moment of the incongruity-resolution. The humor will appear at the time when a usual frame, culturally accepted will be shifted by a new one (episodic). That way, we have in the conceptual blending theory suficient data, more precisely, to analize the humor discourse, for its richness of blendings. For these blendings could reveal new ways of seeing the reality because it points new meanings. As a corpus, we have chosen the Chris Rock stand-up comedy show Kill the Messenger of 2008. Until today, we believe this is the first analysis done in stand-up comedy held in Brazil.

Magister Legum - LLM

Alternate reality games (ARG) are a relatively new type of game that distributes game content across several media without explicitly identifying that content as part of a game. While players benefit from this aesthetically immersive experience the type of game has the potential to cause confusion over the status of its dispersed content as real or as part of a game. This thesis offers a case study of the 2012 game. The case is contextualized within the disciplines of media studies and games studies, in a wider digital culture where the ubiquity of technology converges to user experience design. A theoretical framework based on Charles S. Peirce’s semiotic, supplemented by Erving Goffman’s frame analysis and James J. Liszka’s transvaluation theory is used to explain the ARG’s problematic relation to the experience of reality.

Chatelaine, Canada’s longest running women’s magazine (1928-present), has seen various changes in relation to women’s presence in society, specifically women’s health and bodies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the framing methods employed in the presentation of health content in relation to the evolution of feminism throughout this publication’s existence. Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s (1979; 1980) investigation of power, the body, and sexuality; Susan Bordo’s (1993b) feminist theorizing on the cultural meanings of the female body; Erving Goffman’s (1974) Frame Analysis; and further theoretical foundations of frame analysis by scholars in media and communication studies, this thesis examines the ways which health knowledge in Chatelaine aids in the empowerment and modernization of women. The research design of this thesis employs a quantitative media content analysis and qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews to explore the presence and production of health content in this publication between 1928 and 2010. Findings demonstrate Chatelaine’s interaction with the feminist movement in Canada—as feminist initiatives and activism in Canada flourish, Chatelaine covers an increasingly broad and diverse body of health topics. The analyses reveal the sophistication in Chatelaine’s health content, which is evidenced in the employment of various journalistic techniques that aid in the development of an increasingly pervasive media text. In doing so, Chatelaine demonstrates its ability to empower women through current, clear, and concise health knowledge.

This research project deals with dynamic field testing of light-frame wood buildings with wood based shear walls. The primary objective of the investigation is to evaluate the code formula for estimating light wood frame building’s fundamental period, through intensive field testing and numerical modelling. The project also aims to propose an alternative simplified rational approach where applicable. The thesis provides insight to the ambient vibration testing procedures of light-frame wood buildings and explains the protocol adopted for the current research program. Ambient vibration (AV) field tests were conducted on several multi-storey wood and beam-and-post buildings in Canada. Modal parameters of measured buildings, such as natural frequency, mode shapes and equivalent structural damping were obtained from Frequency Domain (FD) analysis of ambient motion records. Experimental and numerical investigations were performed to evaluate the effect of non-structural components, and the connectivity between firewall-separated buildings, on dynamic properties of light-frame wood buildings. The study provides a reliable expression for building period estimate based on field testing and numerical modeling.

Research findings across a variety of samples (e.g., clinical, shelter, hospital) estimate that 31% to 84% of women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) exhibit symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study sought to further investigate the abuse-trauma link by examining the relationship between lifetime trauma exposure, type of abuse (i.e., physical, psychological), and perspective-taking abilities (i.e., here-there, now-then). The role of experiential avoidance in the development of PTSD symptoms was also examined. Results indicated that lifetime trauma exposure (β = .31) and psychological abuse (β = .34) were significant predictors of PTSD symptomatology. Additionally, analyses revealed that experiential avoidance (β = .65) was a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms that partially mediated the relationship between IPV and PTSD symptomatology. Implications of findings are discussed as well as future suggestions for research examining type of IPV and PTSD.

The current study evaluated the effects of discrete trial training versus the effects of relational training on the acquisition and retention of skills in four children with autism. Using a multiple baseline design across subjects, participants were trained on the skills sequencing from longest to shortest, discriminating full versus empty versus half empty, tacting “you” versus “I,” and responding to reasons why people cry. One of the four participants acquired and retained the skill. Many factors effected the results for the other three participants. Participant 2 never met mastery criteria with relational training procedures. Participant 3 learned PEAK programming four times faster than DTT, however, when using PEAK with the original target, 10 days were required to score all points opposed to the four days DTT required. Participant 4 displayed similar performance results using DTT and PEAK. Implications and limitations will be discussed.

Power management is an active area of research in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Efficient power management is necessary because WSNs are battery-operated devices that can be deployed in mission-critical applications. From the communications perspective, one main approach to reduce energy is to maximize throughput so the data can be transmitted in a short amount of time. Frame fragmentation techniques aim to achieve higher throughput by reducing retransmissions. Using experiments on a WSN testbed, we show that frame fragmentation helps to reduce energy consumption. We then study and compare recent frame fragmentation schemes to find the most energy-efficient scheme. Our main contribution is to propose a new frame fragmentation scheme that is optimized to be energy efficient, which is originated from the chosen frame fragmentation scheme. This new energy-efficient frame fragmentation protocol is called (Green-Frag). Green-Frag uses an algorithm that gives sensor nodes the ability to transmit data with optimal transmit power and optimal frame structure based on environmental conditions. Green-Frag takes into consideration the channel conditions, interference patterns and level, as well as the distance between sender and receiver. The thesis discusses various design and implementation considerations for Green-Frag. Also, it shows empirical results of comparing Green-Frag with other frame fragmentation protocols in terms of energy efficiency. Green-Frag performance results shows that it is capable of choosing the best transmit according to the channel conditions. Subsequently, Green-Frag achieves the least energy consumption in all environmental conditions.

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No description available.