Clubfoot is one of the most common pathologies of the foot affecting 1 in 1000 newborn babies according to statistics. The first treatment approach is by using conventional procedures, such as plaster and cast, and, the literature reports a range of failures causing relapse. Patients with severe or relapsed cases or patients that are treated later in life may require unconventional procedures to provide correction. In order to increase the success rate after the correction, it is necessary to: a)perform analyses to improve the current treatments and b) investigate the tissues involved in this pathology in order to have a better understanding of clubfoot to develop future treatments. The Ilizarov fixator has been shown to be a good alternative for complex and relapsed cases. However, there are no numerical nor experimental studies to: a) improve the efficiency of the frame deployment for clubfoot, b) provide guidance on the right adjustment procedures, and c) understand the mechanical behaviour of the frame applied to clubfoot. This makes the adjustments fully dependent on the surgeon's experience instead of systematic guidelines/procedures. This results in configurations that induce stresses in the fixator that are transferred to the tissues and leading to a reduction in the success rate. Furthermore, the literature on the correction of clubfoot in babies and the role of the tissues in babies' feet during the correction is limited. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to analyse the relationship between the adjustments of the connectors and the displacements of the fixator rods, on the one hand, and the stress-strain induced in the rods and fixator, on the other hand. This is achieved by means of a finite element analysis of the stress-strain distributions in the fixator components. The predicted stresses are used for the identification of the components that should be adjusted in the fixator to prevent them from failure. The findings and results in the thesis will enable surgeons to understand better the mechanical behaviour of the Ilizarov frame in clubfoot, and they will facilitate the establishment of a functional range of the fixator in order to improve the current procedures. Another aim is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of one of the most affected bones during the correction of clubfoot in babies, namely the talus. The literature reports a change of shape in the talus during clubfoot correction using conventional procedures. This can result in a change of the stress distribution in the foot tissues during gait in latter stages of life leading to different pathologies. This clearly shows the importance of investigating the mechanical behaviour of the talus. This is the first numerical study to investigate the right adjustment procedures of the frame for clubfoot. It is expected that the findings of this research contribute to the improvement of the current corrective procedures based on the use of the Ilizarov frame and to improve the understanding of clubfoot in babies.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF BRITTNEY E. EBERHARDT, for the Master of Science degree in Behavior Analysis and Therapy, presented on August 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: TEACHING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS TO CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS USING THE PEAK RELATIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Mark R. Dixon Idiomatic expressions are commonly used phrases, which require the listener to interpret the meaning figuratively rather than literally. The purpose of this study was to expand the research in the area of stimulus equivalence to determine whether untaught symmetrical and transitive responding in relation to idiomatic expressions would emerge for two participants with developmental delays. The first phase of the study involved directly training participants to respond with the statement (B stimuli; i.e.: “Go to bed.”) that corresponded with an intraverbal (A stimuli; i.e.: “What do you do at night after you put on your pajamas?”). After participants mastered these relationships, they were directly trained to respond with the idiomatic expression (C stimuli; i.e.: “Hit the hay”) when the experimenter verbally asked, “What is another way to say [A stimuli]?”. The results indicate that both participants achieved mastery criteria during the first phase of the study on A-B relations, however they were unable to demonstrate the derived equivalence A-C relation or C-B relation. After training on the B-C relationship, participants were again able to achieve criteria on the trained relationship and demonstrated some of the derived symmetrical relationships as well as derived transitive relationships. In addition, this study utilized the procedures from the PEAK-E relational training system to aid in replication in research and clinical practice.

Many children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from anxiety, depression, and other disorders. These disorders make it difficult to leave healthy and productive lives and can be experienced across school and social life. The mechanisms underlying anxiety and other disorders can be explained through language and cognition and this is the rational underlying Relational Frame Theory (RFT). RFT suggests that human language and cognition are a direct cause of many human psychological problems as we are able to evaluate words. The cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, and suppression described by RFT have been expanded to include treatment methods within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT is a psychotherapeutic approach that attempts to undermine emotional avoidance explained through RFT and promotes positive behavior change. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of ACT in increasing value-directed behavior in three adults with ASD. The results of this study revealed that brief ACT experiential exercises were effective in increasing value-directed behavior in all participants. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), relational frame theory (RFT), Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

This was a single-case study which evaluated the effects of PEAK-T on two children with Autism. A total of 6 programs were trained between the two participants using a Multiple Baseline Design across skills. This evaluation was conducted using the subtest materials provided in the PEAK-T modules and through full assessments. The assessments were used to identify the appropriate skill level of each participant and they were used to evaluate whether the skills were maintained. The participants had no prior exposure to any of the PEAK-T programs as demonstrated by the participants baseline scores. The results of the study showed that programming of multiple exemplars resulted in acquisition of novel skills in both participants and that the skills were maintained. Both Participants demonstrated mastery of their programs and a total of 4 programs between two participants were added to the participants repertoire.

Les formes du figement dans les terminologies juridiques françaises et russes. Étude comparée.Le but de cette recherche est de décrire la formation des collocations spécialisées vues dans une optique contrastive, au sein de la langue spécialisée juridique française et de la langue russe. L'objet de la recherche est la modélisation des liens syntagmatiques des termes de la langue spécialisée juridique. Nous nous sommes inspirée de la sémantique des cadres, notamment du frame filmorien qui structure notre étude. L'unité d'analyse est une collocation de la langue spécialisée juridique appélée combinaison lexicale spécialisée.L'approche onomasiologique pose la problématique de l'étude des systèmes conceptuels des combinaisons lexicales spécialisées (ou CLS). L'approche sémasiologique s'occupe de la modélisation des CLS au niveau de la langue. Ainsi, les deux approches proposées - l'onomasiologique et la sémasiologique - servent respectivement aux besoins de la construction de deux champs, le notionnel et le sémantique, sur lesquels se fonde la typologie interlinguistique. Nous utilisons une approche comparative pour pouvoir trouver les parallélismes dans la procédure de création et de stabilisation de la signification dans les deux langues spécialisées, française et russe. C'est au cours de la confrontation de deux langues spécialisées que nous analysons les différences de créativité linguistique pour ensuite pouvoir en déduire les principes communs de formation des CLS juridiques. La méthode de traduction nous permet de juger de la stabilisation de la signification de la CLS en question et ensuite du degré de sa terminologisation. La comparaison interlinguistique, plus précisément pour ce qui nous concerne, la méthode de traduction, si elle révèle les propriétés extérieures au système des langues spécialisées française ou russe, sert également aux besoins de la modélisation lexico-sémantique de leurs moyens combinatoires. / General outline of the thesis: The forms of the unchanging nature of the French and Russian terminology. A comparative study.This research aims at describing the setting up of specialized collocations with a contrastive perspective t, within the French and Russian specialized legal language.The aim of this research deals with the modelling of the syntagmatic links regarding the terms of the specialized legal language. We have drawn our inspiration from the ideas of the semantics of the framework, in particular, of the Filmorian frame that structures our study. The analysis unit is a collocation of the specialized legal language, which is called specialized lexical combination.The onomasiological approach sets the problem of the study of the conceptual systems concerning the SLC. The semasiological approach deals with the modelling of the SLC at language level. Thus, the two suggested approaches, the onomasiological and the semasiological ones, both answer the needs of the setting up of the two fields: the notional as well as the semantic ones that, in turn, lay the foundation of the interlinguistic typology. We use a comparative approach to be able to find some kind of parallelism within the process of creation and stabilisation of the two specialized languages: French and Russian. While making a comparison between the two specialized languages, we can analyse the difference of linguistic creativity in order to be able to infer the common principles that govern the formation of the SLC. The method of translation, even if it points out the properties outside the system of the concrete specialized language, either French or Russian, does answer the needs of the lexico-semantic modelling of their perspective means of combination.Key words : jurdical terminology, frame, collocation, specialized lexical combination, onomasiological approach, semasiological approach, conceptual systems, comparative approach, translation

Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the applications of multifunctional compos- ite (MFC) technology to nano-satellite structures and to produce a working concept design, which can be implemented on future Cube-Satellites (CubeSats). MFC tech- nologies can be used to optimise the performance of the satellite structure in terms of mass, volume and the protection it provides. The optimisation of the structure will allow further room for other sub-systems to be expanded and greater payload allowance. An extensive literature view of existing applications of MFC materials has been conducted, along with the analysis of a MFC CubeSat structural design account- ing for the environmental conditions in space and well-known design practices used in the space industry. Numerical analysis data has been supported by empirical analysis that was done where possible on the concept material and structure. The ndings indicate that the MFC technology shows an improvement over the conventional alu- minium structures that are currently being used. Improvements in rigidity, mass and internal volume were observed. Additional functions that the MFC structure o ers include electrical circuitry and connections through the material itself, as well as an increase electromagnetic shielding capability through the use of carbon- bre composite materials. Empirical data collected on the MFC samples also show good support for the numerical analysis results. The main conclusion to be drawn from this work is that multifunctional composite materials can indeed be used for nano-satellite structures and in the same light, can be tailor-made to the speci c mission requirements of the satellite. The technology is in its infancy still and has vast room for improvement and technological development beyond this work and well into the future. Further improvements and additional functions can be added through the inclusion of various other materials.

The main goal of my diploma was global analysis of the flow of material in production of wheel frames for train in company ČKD Kutná Hora a. s., foundry České Budějovice. I mainly aimed at mapping steps that are part of production of frames. The next part of my diploma work was to find the best solvent for flow of material in manufactured. For good result was used method of sighting, time recording and discussion with workers. I found the best posibility result. I resommended transporter of TRANSPORTA CHRUDIM company. I is one of real solvent. During the working on my diploma work I resulted from my own finding obtained by the consultations with executives and by the analyse of the documents which I had available.

As vigas mistas de aço e concreto são elementos estruturais que resultam da associação de um perfil de aço laminado, formado a frio ou soldado, e de uma laje de concreto podendo esta ser moldada in loco, pré-fabricada ou com forma de aço incorporada. A construção de vigas mistas com laje de vigotas pré-moldadas de concreto não é prevista pela norma brasileira de dimensionamento de elementos de aço NBR 8800:2008 e poucos estudos foram realizados até o momento. Geralmente, os estudos realizados sobre vigas mistas são feitos em modelos compostos por perfil de aço e uma faixa de laje denominada largura efetiva. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo teórico e experimental de vigas mistas fazendo parte de um pavimento tipo. O objetivo principal foi o estudo do comportamento das vigas mistas pertencentes a um pavimento tipo quando submetidas a diferentes tipos de carregamentos, distribuídos e concentrados, verificação da formação de fissuras na laje e a importância de considerar uma faixa de laje maciça na região da largura efetiva sobre as vigas. A análise numérica foi realizada utilizando o pacote comercial ANSYS e por meio das expressões de cálculo fornecidas pela norma brasileira de aço e adaptações para consideração da pré-laje de concreto. Os resultados mostraram um bom desempenho das vigas mistas comparadas com a resistência de cálculo de acordo com as expressões fornecidas pela norma para vigas mistas com pré-laje de concreto e a importância da execução de uma faixa maciça na região da largura efetiva. / The composite steel and concrete beams are structural elements witch results of association by a hot rolled, cold formed or welded steel beam and concrete slab which can be made in site, precast or with steel deck. The design of composite beams made with slab made with precast type lattice joist isn\'t anticipated by the brazilian code and a few studies has been made up to now. Usually, the studies about composite beams are made with steel beam and a concrete\'s zone called a slab\'s effective width. In this work a teorical and experimetal studies were presented with a frame\'s composite beams. The aim of this work was investigate the behaviour when differents loads, distributed and concentrated, were apllied, find out if cracks appeared and the importance of design a solid slab on the effective width\'s regions. The theorical analysis made using the code ANSYS v.10.0 and with expressions of brazilian code for composite beams with precast slabs. The results have shown a good agreement with code\'s analitical models and teh importance of design a solid slab on the effective width\'s regions.

Nos tempos atuais, já existe um forte desenvolvimento computacional no que diz respeito a análise de estruturas com características geométricas, de cargas e vinculações previamente definidas. Assim como os processadores, tem-se investido bastante em pré e pós-processadores, os quais são responsáveis pela maior parte do tempo dedicado a um projeto. No entanto, pode-se dizer que a definição automática das características geométricas dos elementos estruturais deixa a desejar. Hoje, esta etapa ainda é feita pelo engenheiro, apenas com uma ajuda indireta da máquina. Este trabalho apresenta uma maneira ótima de fazer o pré-dimensionamento das vigas de um pavimento de concreto armado. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma formulação de minimização do custo de uma seção transversal com a qual, através de um método de aproximações combinadas, obtém-se o mínimo custo do vigamento de um pavimento. As variáveis envolvidas na função que representa o custo são: a altura da viga e as áreas de aço. E as restrições do problema são: a taxa geométrica da armadura, a taxa de armadura de compressão em relação a de tração e a flecha máxima pré-estabelecida pelo usuário. / Nowadays, there is a continuous development in structural computational analysis for known geometrical, loading and boundary conditions. Much effort has been made on the pre and pos-processors, which is the main part of the time spent in designing. The automatic definition of the geometrical characteristics for the structural elements, however is poor yet. Today, this phase is still carried out by the engineer, only with an indirect machine help. This work presents an optimal method to automate the first draft design of the beams reinforced concrete floor. A formulation to achieve the cross-section minimum cost function is proposed and then extended to the whole floor by combined approximation methods. In order to obtain the cost function the following values have been considered: the beam depth and the steel area. As problem constraints, the steel geometric rate, the steel compression with the steel tension rate and the limit displacement have to be prescribed by the user.

Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-02-10T16:04:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 diss_ester.pdf: 3276457 bytes, checksum: 2f3a592de87bbe6d66b7ce2df19a3748 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T16:04:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 diss_ester.pdf: 3276457 bytes, checksum: 2f3a592de87bbe6d66b7ce2df19a3748 (MD5) / Esta dissertação visa a analisar o fenômeno do humor em um espetáculo de comédia no gênero stand-up sob a ótica da Linguística Cognitiva. Vários estudos sobre o discurso humorístico já foram realizados com foco nos aspectos linguísticos (TRAVAGLIA, 1990; POSSENTI, 1998; CARMELINO, 2009; SCHWARZ, 2010), nossa proposta é demonstrar que as teorias cognitivas podem contribuir para explicar o fenômeno do humor de uma forma ainda não abordada pela linguística mais tradicional. Nosso objetivo é investigar quais são os processos cognitivos que ocorrem no momento da punch-line – onde existe a expectativa do riso. O fenômeno do humor, baseado nas teorias linguísticas cognitivas, tem sido foco de estudo de vários pesquisadores (ATTARDO, 1994; RASKIN, 1979; COULSON, 2001; FAUCONNIER, 1984; FELTES, 2009; COSCARELLI, 2009; KRIKMANN, 2006). Nossa hipótese é que podemos compreender o sentido dos discursos da comédia de stand-up através das seguintes teorias: (i) Frame (FAUCONNIER, 1998, 2002, 2003; FILLMORE, 1984; COULSON, 2001; LAKOFF, 2004; KOESTLER, 1964; RITCHIE, 2004; MINSKY, 1974), e (ii) Teoria dos Espaços Mentais e sua extensão: Mesclagem Conceptual (FAUCONNIER, 2003; TURNER, 2003; KÖVECSES, 2006). Lakoff (2004) afirma que segundo a Ciência Cognitiva nós, seres humanos, pensamos através de frames, e para uma pessoa compreender uma verdade, o que foi dito precisa ter alguma relação com o conhecimento enciclopédico registrado em nossas sinapses, em nosso cérebro. Os temas usados nos espetáculos de comédia stand-up, como: racismo, política, casamento, sexo, etc., servem de pano de fundo para que o comediante alcance o efeito do humor da plateia. Geralmente, esses temas envolvem opiniões socialmente controversas, gerando uma oposição de frames, causando uma incongruência entre os frames da narrativa. O discurso humorístico tem como característica a resolução de uma incongruidade e é esperado que o humor surja no exato momento de sua resolução - quando um frame, considerado estável, por ser aceito culturalmente é mesclado por um novo frame, considerado episódico ou emergente. Dessa forma, temos na teoria da mesclagem conceptual base suficiente para, de forma mais pontual, analisarmos o discurso humorístico, por ser este um processo rico em mesclagens. E estas desvelam, sempre novas maneiras de observar a realidade, pois apontam novos sentidos. Para análise, escolhemos como corpus o espetáculo de comédia no gênero stand-up, Kill the Messenger, protagonizado pelo comediante Chris Rock, em sua turnê Mundial de 2008. Até o momento presente, supomos ser a primeira análise de comédia stand-up em pesquisas no Brasil. / This work aims to analyze the phenomenon of humor of a show of stand-up comedy, under the focus of the Cognitive Linguistics. Many studies about the humor discourse have already been made focusing on linguistics aspects (TRAVAGLIA, 1990; POSSENTI, 1998, CARMELINO, 2009; SCHWARZ, 2010). Our proposal is that the cognitive theories could contribute to explain the phenomenon of humor in a way not yet seen by the traditional linguistic. Our goal is to investigate which cognitive process occurs during the punch line – where one finds the laughter expectation. The humor phenomenon – based on the linguistic cognitive theories – have been the object of study of many researchers (ATTARDO, 1994, RASKIN, 1979, 1985; COULSON, 2001; FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2004; FELTES, 2009; COSCARELLI, 2009, KRIKMANN, 2006). Our hypothesis is that we can find the meaning of stand-up comedy discourse through the following theories: (i) Frame (FAUCONNIER, 1998, 2002, 2003; FILLMORE, 1984; COULSON, 2001, LAKOFF, 2004; RITCHIE, 2004; MINSKY, 1974; KOESTLER, 1964), (ii) Mental Spaces Theory and its extension: Conceptual Blending (FAUCONNIER 2003, TURNER, 2003; KÖVECSES, 2006). Lakoff (2004) says that according to the Cognitive Science people think in Frames. Thus, what is said only will make any sense to us if the concepts fits into our frames, registered in our brain’s synapses. The themes used in the stand-up comedy scripts, such as: racism, politics, marriage, sex, and so on, are the background that allows the comedian to work his way through the audience’s laughter. Overall, these themes evolve controversy social opinions, which could launch frame oppositions, causing incongruity between the narrative’s frames. The humor discourse has as characteristic the resolution of one incongruity and it is expected to humor to show up at this exact moment of the incongruity-resolution. The humor will appear at the time when a usual frame, culturally accepted will be shifted by a new one (episodic). That way, we have in the conceptual blending theory suficient data, more precisely, to analize the humor discourse, for its richness of blendings. For these blendings could reveal new ways of seeing the reality because it points new meanings. As a corpus, we have chosen the Chris Rock stand-up comedy show Kill the Messenger of 2008. Until today, we believe this is the first analysis done in stand-up comedy held in Brazil.