Thesis--Jāmiʻat Muʼtah. / Text in Arabic; commentary in English. Title on v. 2: al-Taʻrīf bi-al-muṣṭalaḥ al-sharīf. Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. 309-335) and indexes.

Thesis--Jāmiʻat Muʼtah. / Text in Arabic; commentary in English. Title on v. 2: al-Taʻrīf bi-al-muṣṭalaḥ al-sharīf. Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. 309-335) and indexes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1902. / Bibliography: p. 60-70.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1930. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xii-xiv; "Collections": p. ix-x).

Specialist degree in education, Eastern Illinois University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 65).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of North Texas, May, 2007. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a tipografia pintada no centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A escolha da área de pesquisa busca mensurar a importância da pintura manual como técnica de produção de elementos tipográficos na paisagem urbana de um bairro central de uma grande cidade, bem como a situação atual do ofício dos pintores de letras, principais responsáveis pela sua produção. Foi realizado um levantamento fotográfico extensivo por toda área, assim como uma série de entrevistas com os pintores. Uma revisão bibliográfica buscou identificar onde outros trabalhos dessa natureza são contextualizados à luz da teoria do design, principalmente através da investigação do vernacular como categoria analítica. Foram buscadas referências históricas relacionadas ao ofício da pintura de letras, a fim de comparações com o discurso dos pintores atuais, do qual foram apropriados elementos que, juntamente com a teoria do design e da tipografia, foram utilizados para a construção de um sistema de análise, que incluiu entre suas diretrizes a produção de dados quantitativos que permitam identificar os recursos mais recorrentes que constituem a linguagem gráfica pesquisada. / This research aims to analyze the hand painted typography in uptown Rio de Janeiro city. One of the aims in choosing this area for analysis was to measure the importance of hand painting as a technique for producing typographic elements in the urban landscape of a central neighborhood of a big city. Another aim was to analyze the current state of the letter painters craft, who are mainly responsible for producing these elements. An extensive photographic survey sought out to identify where other works of this nature were contextualized in design theory, mainly through the investigation of the vernacular as analytical category. Historic references related to the craft of letter painting were collected for the purpose of comparison with what the current painters have to say. From these speeches, elements were taken andconsidered alongside design and typography theories, and used to build an analysis system. Among the guidelines of this analysis system is the production of quantitative data that enable to identify the most recurrent resources that comprise the graphic language investigated.

En dépit de certaines idées reçues qui ont poussé longtemps la critique à étiqueter les Goncourt non seulement comme des représentants mineurs du réalisme et du naturalisme, mais aussi comme des écrivains renfermés trop dans leurs tics, ce travail propose de considérer à nouveaux frais l’œuvre des deux frères, à partir d’une interaction narrateur-lecteur et en se concentrant surtout sur ces deux figures de la communication littéraire. Tout au long de cette étude on va montrer que le lecteur est plongé d’emblée au cœur d’une dimension dialogique réelle, soit dans les œuvres romanesques, soit dans les récits intimes, soit dans les premières études historiques d’Edmond et Jules de Goncourt. Les dialogues et les conversations se succèdent dans la narration goncourtienne et le lecteur perçoit une polyphonie, un plurilinguisme de voix, qui lui permettront de participer à l’acte de l’écriture, à l’impliquer dans le texte dès son début. À travers diverses analyses des sténographies de dialogues et de conversations on va supposer qu’un véritable principe de «démocratisation littéraire » se fonde et trouve sa liberté dans l’émancipation du patronage narratif. / Although some ideas prompted for a long time critics to label Goncourt brothers not only as minor representatives of realism and naturalism, but also as writers retired in their hobbyhorses, this work proposes to consider Goncourt’s work beginning from the interaction narrator – reader focusing mainly on this two figures of literary communication. In this study it is possible to notice that the reader is suddenly plunged in a real dialogic dimension, in fiction works, in intimist stories and in Edmond and Jules Goncourt’s first historical studies too. Dialogues and conversations follow one another in the Goncourt’s narration and the reader perceives a polyphony, a multilingualism of voices, that permit him to take part in the act of writing and to involve in the text since the beginning. Through different analysis of the shortland of dialogues and conversations we suppose that a principle of « literary democratization » is based on and find its freedom in the emancipation of the narrative patronage.

This paper analyzes two documents from the Jesuit mission to Japan, both written by Luís Fróis (1532-1597). They discuss the same topic: the conversion to Christianity of a young nobleman from Bungo (Kyushu) in 1577. One is an epistle and the other deals with historic issues. The comparison reveals the peculiarities of each genre, in line with the norms of the Society of Jesus. The paper concludes that epistles were considered to strengthen spiritual and identity links, as a result of which they were widely disseminated during the 16th century. / Este artículo analiza dos documentos del corpus jesuita sobre la misión japonesa. Ambos son de Luís Fróis (1532-1597) y versan sobre el mismo episodio: la conversión al cristianismo de un joven cortesano de Bungo (Kyushu) en 1577. Una de las fuentes pertenece al género epistolar y la otra, al histórico. La comparación entre ambas revela la especificidad de cada género según las normativas de la Compañía de Jesús. Concluimos que las epístolas cumplían con los objetivos básicos del género histórico y resultaban propicias para afianzar lazos espirituales e identitarios, lo cual legitimó su sistemática publicación durante el siglo XVI.

VD-ordet i noterade företags årsredovisningar har utvecklats till en av de delar som läses allra mest och som ofta anses ha en stor betydelse för företagets intressenter. Vad syftet med VD-ordet är och hur processen går till är dock tidigare studier oeniga om, likväl hur texten uppfattas hos intressenter. Genom att inta VD:s och investerares perspektiv kan luckan som tidigare forskning lämnat fyllas och därigenom öka förståelsen kring VD-ordet. Syftet med studien är att utifrån VD:s perspektiv bidra med kunskap kring innehållet i och processen bakom VD-ordet, samt tillföra en förståelse om hur dessa delar uppfattas av investerare. För att uppnå syftet har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med sex respondenter på noterade företag samt med fem privata investerare. Studien konkluderar att VD upprättar VD-ordet med syftet att bidra till en helhetsbild av företaget i årsredovisningen genom att sätta siffrorna i sammanhang samt vägleda om framtiden. Det är även en viktig del för att förmedla en positiv bild av företaget. VD-ordets upprättande kan även vara hänförligt till ett legitimitetsperspektiv, eftersom företagen genom VD-orden bemöter de krav som samhället ställer. Vidare är det sällan VD som skriver VD-ordet själv, utan det är en intern medarbetare eller extern byrå som skriver det utifrån VD:s tankar. Investerarna uppfattar VD-ordet som en vägledning till företagets räkenskaper som även möjliggör att skapa en helhetskänsla för företaget samt dess möjligheter att skapa framtida värde. Att VD sällan skriver VD-ordet själv är något som majoriteten av investerarna anser sänker VDordets trovärdighet och vikten de lägger vid texten. / The CEO-letter in listed companies’ annual reports has developed into one of the parts that is most frequently read and which often is considered to have a big impact on companies’ stakeholders. What the purpose is with the CEOletter and how the creating process goes to establish it is something which previous studies is ambiguous about, as well as how investors perceive the text. By examining the CEO and investor perspective this study intends to fill the gap from the previous studies, and thereby enhance the comprehension about the CEO-letter. Thus, the purpose of this study is from a CEO perspective contribute with knowledge about the content and the process of the CEO-letter, as well as bring an understanding about how investors perceive these parts. In order to achieve the purpose, qualitative interviews have been made with six respondents from public companies as well as with five private investors. An important conclusion is that CEO’s publish the CEO-letter with the purpose to contribute to a complete image of the company in the annual report by explaining the numbers and guide about the future. It is moreover an important part to mediate a positive image of the company. The publishing of the CEO-letter can furthermore be attributable to legitimacy reasons, because the companies respond through the CEO-letter to the demands which the society has. It is rarely the CEO himself that writes the CEO-letter, it is rather an internal coworker or an external bureau who writes the text, based on the CEO’s thoughts. The investors perceive the CEO-letter as guidance towards the numbers which also enable them to create an overall feeling about the company and their possibilities to create future value. The fact that the CEO rarely writes the letter is something which the majority of the investors consider to be something that lowers the trustworthiness of the CEO-letter and thereby also the extent which they put on the text.