Examensarbetet utvecklar en miljö för barn och ungdomar i olika åldersgrupper, där både inne- och uterum är av lika stor vikt. Vidare utvecklar projektet gestaltningen och användningen av en befintlig park i Stockholm.

Responsible Tourism (RT) implies that all parties involved in the tourism sector are responsible for making sure that all activities taking place are of a sustainable nature, and that consideration is given to environmental conservation, economic growth and social integrity. The Kruger National Park (KNP) and the South African National Parks (SANParks) are key role-players in the tourism and conservation sectors in South Africa, and have acknowledged and started to implement Responsible Tourism practices into their strategic model. One major hurdle in reaching their RT goals is a lack of funding, which they are currently addressing by expanding and diversifying their tourism product offerings. As stakeholders play a key role in RT, this study aimed to determine stakeholder perceptions of RT development in the KNP, in order to assist SANParks achieve their RT goals. The philosophical assumption under which this study was undertaken was the pragmatic research paradigm, in which one aims to understand the truth concerning whatever questions are investigated. The methodology was applied through questionnaires that were completed by KNP visitors, and interviews based on SANS 1162:2011 that were conducted with KNP employees. The study found that there is some misalignment between RT aspects that visitors consider as important, and those that are highlighted in SANParks' strategic documentation. It was also noted that despite generally good performance with regard to RT aspects, employees find that insufficient funding and the lack of awareness of stakeholders are two of the challenges faced in achieving RT. In order for SANParks to reach their RT goals, they can consider addressing these gaps, as the core of RT is that of behaviour and actions taken. Emphasis must be on how all those involved in the KNP and SANParks can alter their behaviour to make better places for people to live in, and better places for people to visit. / Environmental Sciences

Thesis on topic Conflicts between recreation and nature protection in Podyjí National Park is focused on impacts of recreation and tourism on nature and landscape in Podyjí National Park and description of the major conflicts in this area. The first part contains literature overview of given issue and characteristic of the area of interest in terms of recreation and nature conservation. Next part deals with problems that are associated with visitor flow in Podyjí National Park. In final part are suggestions for reducing negative impacts of tourism and recreation.

The thesis deals with the detection and the evaluation of current intensity of tourism and visitors in the Podyjí National Park. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether this intensity of tourism exceeds the carrying capacity and how is perceived by the visitors of National Park. In the first part are explained the basic concepts related with management of protected areas, carrying capacity and visitors monitoring and there is introduced the area of interest. In the next step is the analysis of tourism and the impact of recreational activities which are the partial aim of the thesis. In the following chapter is evaluated a survey for the visitor population, which detects the perceptual carrying capacity and there is a comparison of this survey with the survey realized earlier.

The ecology of bighorn sheep in Canyonlands National Park, Utah was investigated between July 1974 and December 1975. Primary objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the distribution and abundance of bighorn sheep in the Park; (2) to examine the effects of human encroachment, and (3) to determine key habitat factors in relation to bighorn sheep movements. Data were collected by ground and aerial surveys. There were between 60 and 100 bighorn sheep in the Island in the Sky District and between 20 and 30 in the Needles District. Bighorn sheep distribution was closely related to the history of livestock grazing and landform characteristics of the canyons. Human activities have restricted bighorn ewe distribution more than ram distribution. Bighorn ewes were observed in canyons which were not used by domestic livestock or where much of the canyon was isolated from domestic livestock. Deer and bighorn sheep demonstrated different landform preferences. Deer occupied large level areas, washes, and river bottoms. Bighorn sheep remained on the more rugged terrain, moving to level areas to feed. In canyons which were completely isolated from deer and livestock, bighorn sheep preferred t he broad level areas and washes. Bighorn ewes did not demonstrate seasonal movements, whereas rams had definite movement patterns. In the southern portion of the Island in the Sky District , rams formed small bands and remained in a series of four canyons throughout the late winter and spring . In June, these rams dispersed individually or in pairs to higher elevations. During October they returned to the canyons below the White Rim to search for ewes. In the eastern portion of the Island in the Sky District, mature rams remained below the White Rim only during the rut, dispersing to higher elevations for the rest of the year. Physical barriers may minimize the impact of tourism upon bighorn sheep. If bighorn sheep were above or unable to see the source of disturbance , the impact was not as great as when bighorn were able to see the source. This may explain the tendency for bighorn ewes to quickly retreat when vehicles approached them on the White Rim Road where few physical barriers are present. Human encroachment also decreases the energy intake and increases the energy output of bighorn sheep. Bighorn sheep appear to be at equilibrium with the current range they inhabit. The National Park Service should monitor the use of the White Rim Road to evaluate effects on the bighorn sheep and restrict hiking below the White Rim to minimize stress on the bighorn sheep within this range. Studies should be initiated to investigate the bighorn sheep expansion of its range within the Park as a result of the cessation of lives tock grazing, and the role tourism plays in limiting it.

B.A. Etcheverry (4) in his book, Land Drainage and Flood Protection, states that inadequate drainage causes: (1) a public health menace, (2) an animal health menace, (3) lower grade plant life, (4) inadequate soil saturation, (5) lower soil temperatures, (6) shallow root penetration and, therefore, plant suffering in late summer months from effects of drought, (7) poor soil texture and workability, (8) increased surface washing and erosion of land surface, and (9) alkali and saline conditions. Other factors such as poorer roads and highways, decreased tax revenues, etc., might be added to this list. The advantages of adequate drainage are absence of these disadvantages. Many public as well as private benefits are realized from land drainage. The present world situation has brought about a great need for increased food production. Jones, in the July 1952 issue of Agricultural Engineering (13), writes: There is greater need for food and fiber production on United States farms today than ever before. U.S. population has increased 20 million in ten years...an appreciable part of our food supplies must go to feed men in the military service...our present exports require the production ofrom approximately 50 million acres...as a result of these heavy demands, the agricultural surpluses we heard so much about a few years ago are now a myth. It appears that over the U.S. some 30-40 million acres of land are now under cultivation on which crop yields could be increased 50 per cent or more by farm drainage work, an increase which can be obtained without increased demands for machinery, labor, seed, or fertilizer. All that would be required would be a limited amount of construction equipment such as small draglines, bulldozers, and graders. In view of the urgent need for increasing our food supply, it would seem that every effort should be made to provide the necessary critical materials to furnish and maintain the small amount of equipment necessary to carry on an expanded program of farm drainage. Conditions are more favorable economically for drainage than ever before. Land values and food values have both increased considerably.

A comprehensive fuel load assessment of all plant communities in Bryce Canyon National Park is provided. Fuel loads by community type are pooled into "fuel type associations" based on similarity in predicted fire behavior, and the fuel type associations are mapped throughout the Park. For each fuel type association, a series of fire behavior simulations is presented describing expected rates of spread and intensities for typical conditions in each month of the fire season and for a worst-case scenario. These fire behavior predictions provide guidelines for writing prescribed burning prescriptions or for quickly assessing the need for possible fire suppression and the amount of effort required to suppress particular fires.

Managing outdoor recreation requires that managers do the following: (1) consider the user experience, environmental and cultural resources, and type and intensity of management actions; (2) specify desired conditions to be maintained, monitor conditions, and take appropriate action if unacceptable impacts occur; (3) adapt to new conditions and information; and (4) exercise good judgment based on their professional experience and the best information available to them. Social science studies of visitors and studies of significant recreation resources like campsites are important sources of information for managers and are commonly used in parks and protected areas to support planning and decision-making. The studies presented here are designed to enhance our understanding of how visitors evaluate the acceptability of impacts to recreation resources and how we can more effectively analyze large campsite resource condition datasets to get meaningful results. A better understanding of impacts to cultural and environmental resources, the people who visit parks, and how they evaluate the acceptability of impacts will enable managers to make more informed decisions. This is an important part of the adaptive management of parks and protected areas.

Few lithic analyses have been conducted or published on collections from Mount Rainier National Park (MORA). This study's lithic debitage analysis, and investigation of hunter-gatherer technological organization through time, contributes to the knowledge base and understanding of how hunter-gatherers used subalpine environments in MORA. The debitage sample is from archaeological excavations between 2005 and 2007 at a Buck Lake Site (45PI438) activity area in the subalpine environmental zone. Two cultural components were examined: the pre-Mount St. Helens Yn tephra component (before 3500 RCYBP) is thought to represent a forager-like mobility strategy and the post-Mount St. Helens Yn tephra component (after 3500 RCYBP) is thought to represent a collector-like strategy. Expectations theoretically grounded in hunter-gatherer mobility, tool design, raw material procurement, site function, and tool function were developed and tested. Results suggest that hunter-gatherers at Buck Lake relied on and maintained small, lightweight, transported bifaces made of nonlocal raw material regardless of expected changes in mobility strategy through time. For both foragers and collectors at Buck Lake, similar lithic raw material availability, terrain, and seasonality constraints and a common resource acquisition goal and overlapping site function resulted in similar hunter-gatherer technological organization strategies. Slight differences between the cultural components include: the use of more local igneous raw material in the forager-like component, the use of a more expedient technology in the collector-like cultural component, and smaller size debitage in the forager-like component. The use of expedient bipolar technology in both cultural components is possible, but only partially supported. Evidence of bipolar technology would suggest that hunter-gatherers were conserving nonlocal CCS by using the bipolar technique on exhausted transported tools or cached cores to produce expedient flakes used for small-game hunting and processing. Further research for the Buck Lake site should include: the sourcing of raw material; conducting experimental lithic reduction on toolstone found at Buck Lake to produce comparative debitage specimens; and increasing the lithic analysis sample size to include debitage recovered from 2008-2009 excavations and other artifact types.

This thesis is about location which is near outer walls of the town of Mikulov on the Svobody street. The work's aim was conversion of the former firehouse from the beginning of the 20th century to the new town library. The part of the study is makeover of the former Capuchin's garden into the town park. Detailed town analysis in previous semesters has preceded the diploma thesis.