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Gated Communities är en utbredd boendeform i USA och i många övriga länder. Fenomenet med inhägnade bostadsområden börjar nu även närma sig Sverige. Denna uppsats undersöker om livsstilsboendet Victoria Park, beläget i Malmö, kan klassas som ett Gated Community.Undersökningen är utav en kvalitativ metod. Sammanlagt har fyra intervjuer genomförts med personer bosatta på Victoria Park. En observation av området är också utförd. Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga vilka faktorer som utmärker om Victoria Park, som i media utmålats som ett inhägnat reservat, kan klassas som ett Gated Community. Svaret fann vi genom litteraturstudier kring vad som karaktäriserar Gated Communities samt vad denna boendeform egentligen innebär. Då trygghet är primärt för Gated Communities har vi undersökt hur trygghet uppfattas på Victoria Park. Det finns inga synliga murar runt Victoria Park men området och vegetationens utformning samt bevakningen grannar emellan utgör symboliska hinder, som signalerar att Victoria Park är ett privat område och därmed slutet för allmänheten. Anläggningen kan dock beträdas men endast under särskilda villkor. Victoria Park, i likhet med ett Gated Community, lockar en viss typ av människor som lever likasinnat och passar in i den mall som råder. Denna typ av boende skulle ha svårt att fungera om människor var alltför olika och värderade olika saker i livet, då man lever väldigt nära inpå varandra. På Victoria Park råder stark sammanhållning och ”vi mot dem”-känsla och frågan är om inte dessa faktorer inhägnar ett område mer än fysiska murar? Gemenskap, sammanhållning och att alltid ha någon nära är ledord på Victoria Park vilket är definitionen på trygghet för människorna som bor där.

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Research was conducted in three areas of water quality assessment. Long term ecological monitoring data from Shenandoah National Park (SNP) were analyzed and a protocol for data analysis was presented. Streams in SNP were found to be comparable to the best that can be found in the Blue Ridge ecoregion. Land use in SNP (mostly for recreational purposes) does not appear to be causing impairment to the macroinvertebrate assemblages. Streams in the SNP were found to recover quickly from disturbance. The Macroinvertebrate Aggregated Index for Streams (MAIS) was found to have an overall classification efficiency (CE) of 86% in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion, and an overall CE of 91% in the Central Appalachians ecoregion. Refinement of the MAIS for use in the Blue Ridge ecoregion resulted in an increase of the overall CE to 78%. The CE for reference sites in the Blue Ridge was 75%, and the CE for degraded sites was 87%. An intensive study of a stream (Peak Creek) with suspected heavy metal impairment showed that capping of an industrial waste site has resulted in improvements to the macroinvertebrate assemblages. The source of the impairment was not linked solely to heavy metals, but was found to be a mixture of pollution sources and environmental stress. / Ph. D.

The Northern Rocky Mountains, home to the highest concentration of glaciers in the American West, are undergoing increased rates of climate warming, resulting in previously unseen ecological and hydrological outcomes. Globally, many glacier basins have experienced glacial recession to the threshold point of surpassing peak basin runoff, resulting in substantial decreases in local hydrological yield. Such findings call for models that do not alone examine glacial runoff but a complete examination of changes in the water budget. Alpine catchments are increasingly vulnerable to evapotranspirative losses due to climatic warming, and the rates of vegetation succession are often unable to keep up with the rate of warming. Basin scale analyses of glacial recession on streamflow are then confounded by ecohydrologic dynamics created by primary succession and the associated increase in evapotranspiration. In this study, I present a conceptual framework for modelling basin runoff in landscapes responding to paraglacial adjustment. The study goal was achieved by calibrating and running the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model in Swiftcurrent basin and investigating change across the basin water balance through baseflow analysis. The research findings indicate catchment scale changes in the timing and magnitude of the flow regime in the deglaciating Swiftcurrent basin, by employing HBV and empirical baseflow analysis. While most components of the water balance appear consistent across the study period, late summer baseflow values suggest the basin hydrology is undergoing changes, possibly a result of melt occurring earlier in the season. Ultimately, I advocate for an adaptable and accessible approach to understanding paraglacial basins by constructing an estimation of basin-scale water budgets. / Master of Science / Large scale trends in climate change are impacting a variety of ecosystems, especially alpine environments. Glacial recession has been well documented and studied in mountain chains across the globe, including the Rocky Mountains. Recession of these massive bodies of ice, which can be viewed as reservoirs of water in droughts or low flow months, has severe implications for society, the economy, and sensitive mountain environments. Furthermore, the new terrain exposed from beneath the melting glacier is dynamic and will undergo many adjustments geomorphically, in soil development, and ecologically as plants move up the glacier foreland. Ecological systems experiencing warming, deglaciation, and vegetation succession are not well understood and are complex environments due to the multiple inputs, interactions, and feedbacks. As such, this research examines how hydrologic conditions across a forty year period are changing in response to the complex feedbacks between glaciers, newly exposed terrain, and associated runoff. Through modeling and analysis, this study offers a method for understanding the water balance of Swiftcurrent basin in Glacier National Park, which can be used in other catchments experiencing similar changes.

The automobile is undeniably an icon of our modern era. Decades of accommodating the automobile have dramatically transformed the shape and the quality of our physical environment. The typical suburban retail parking lot is one symptom of our automobile dependence. Frequently the proposed solutions to sprawl development tend to minimize the economic and marketing appeal of a large surface parking lot. For many communities, the anticipated economic benefit and convenience of a suburban retail development overcomes any reservations about the appearance and effect of the associated sea of asphalt. A more achievable design goal might be a pedestrian-oriented parking lot. Is that feasible? What present and future advantages might be gained? What would it be like? This thesis studies the typical commercial surface parking lot through observation and analysis, leading to the design of an infrastructural system of elements to develop pedestrian-oriented parking lots. / Master of Architecture

The problem of petrified wood theft was examined in the Petrified Forest National Park. This study accomplished the following 2 objectives: 1. Perform a complete inventory throughout five high use areas at the Petrified Forest National Park 2. Quantify the petrified wood loss within the five high use areas at the Petrified Forest National Park over a one year time period. Line intersect sampling was used to sample three size classes of petrified wood along with fixed area quadrat samples which sampled two size classes. Line intersect sampling units were established in August 1993 and revisited during August 1994. Line Intersect sampling results suggest that petrified wood displacement within the park does occur but not to the extent that Scher (1990) reports. Quadrat sampling results are not conclusive with regard to petrified wood displacement due to constraints on the sample design. / Master of Science