Using aerial census techniques, I collected data on the population, reproduction and nesting habits of Bald Eagles in Florida Bay, Florida, for three consecutive breeding seasons (Oct - Mar, 1987 - 1990). For analysis I consolidated my data with those collected by Robertson et al. between 1959 and 1986 for a total of 26 seasons. The breeding population of Bald Eagles in Florida Bay has been stable since censuses began in 1959. However, numbers of subadult eagles in Florida Bay have declined sharply since the early 1960’s. Breeding density was apparently limited by territoriality. Nesting success was positively correlated with early commencement of nesting, number of active breeding territories and the history of individual breeding territories. Success was negatively correlated with the amount of rainfall during the breeding season. Most (87%) nesting failures occurred during the incubation stage. Nearly all nests were built in mangrove [Laguricularia racemosa, Avicenia germinans and Rhizophora mangle) trees and of these more than half were dead. The success of a nesting attempt was independent of changes in nests or nest sites.

This thesis explores Recreational Carrying Capacity (RCC). The investigation looks at the theory of RCC, and trends in recreational use and management to make a first estimate of the RCC of Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada. An extensive literature review is used to synthesize the social, ecological and managerial factors called for in RCC theory; and to summarize relevant aspects of park policy and recreation trends. This review serves as a foundation for adapting a RCC model from the literature. The model is then used to estimate the RCC of the developed backcountry areas of Garibaldi Provincial Park. The emphasis of the thesis is on the ecological component of RCC: a bio-climatic zone inventory, a soil capability survey, and a visual impact assessment are all undertaken to build an estimate of the ecological sensitivity of the study area. The model also uses social influences and BC Parks policy to assist in the formulation of the RCC for the study area. The RCC estimates derived are not precise because of weaknesses in the data base. Nevertheless, the estimates do indicate that the most desirable areas for recreation within Garibaldi Park have reached or exceeded the capability of the biophysical resources of those areas to sustain the recreational activities undertaken. As important as the RCC estimation is the identification of biophysical limitations of the study area. These limitations call for careful site selection in the development and management of Garibaldi Park to protect the biophysical resources which attract recreational use. If the model is to be of greater assistance in park planning and management then more precision is required in the investigation. Increased precision requires dividing the broad bio-climatic zones into sub-zones or micro-zones to allow site and route selection for managing the study area. RCC theory and the RCC model used are useful as planning tools because of the comprehensiveness required by the theory and the explicitness of the values used within the model. However, this comprehensiveness demands a large data base which is not available in the case study of Garibaldi Park. This points to the need for further research if RCC theory and the model used are to be of utility to park planning in B.C. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM) is currently in the process of establishing a heritage route and tour through Mamelodi. The route includes a number of sites considered to important in terms of cultural or historical significance. These sites form part or a journey through Pretoria where visitors are to experience accounts and sites of the freedom struggle. Tshwane is branding itself as a city of learning, freedom and trying to give weight to the fact that it is the administrative capital of South Africa. Moretele Park is the current venue for jazz festivals in Mamelodi and forms a part of the heritage route. Festivals are organised by the park authorities in conjunction with a private organising body and various sponsors. The stage is always a temporary structure comprising of scaffolding and cladding. It is usually positioned on an embankment between the Moretele and Pienaars Rivers, facing the park with the mountain as backdrop. The festival remains popular, drawing crowds from all over the country. For the rest of the year, the park is used as a recreational facility or as a destination for school trips. Its facilities include a water slide and swimming pool, braai areas, an unused hall, various ablutions around the park and a for the jazz festivals. There is clearly a need to upgrade some of these facilities, particularly the hall and an opportunity also exists to formalise the facilities for the jazz festivals. Copyright 2006, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Blokland, J 2006,Moretele Park, MArch(Prof) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07102007-094744 / > / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

Most definitions of ecotourism refer to nature travel experiences which promote the conservation of visited ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the demand side of ecotourism within the broader tourism context. To this end, the study compares ecotourists with other tourist types, on the basis of conservation involvement and socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, the study examines recreation specialization among birders, as one subset of ecotourists, and evaluates the substitutability of ecotourism activities. A case study was undertaken at Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand, which, in 1993, attracted over 900,000 visitors. Primary methods included personal interviews (n = 857) to collect visitor data and participant observations to document impacts from ecotourism. Based on activities, motivations, and researcher and respondent descriptions, a tourist typology of five groups was developed: birding ecotourists, general ecotourists, highlights general tourists, highlights travellers, and trekkers. Ecotourists were older and more educated than other tourist types. Ecotourists contributed more to general conservation efforts than other tourist types; however, for foreigners, these contributions occurred primarily in their home countries, not in Thailand. Compared to other tourist types, some environmental, economic, social, and educational impacts of ecotourists were distinct. Using the recreation specialization model, based on economic commitment and centrality-to-lifestyle, birders were divided into three sub-types: advanced-experienced, advanced-active, and novice. Conservation interest and involvement varied only slightly among birder sub-types. Advanced birders were older, more affluent, and more likely to have professional occupations than other sub-types. Motivations varied among birder sub-types. Using the recreation substitutability model, 82.7% of respondents were interested in a one-day nature trek, and 47.5% were willing to trade their current activities for this trek. Substitutability was higher for tourists with wildlife and natural environment motivations, conservation interests, higher education, and of a younger age. The results are incorporated into conceptual frameworks to aid ecotourism management and to characterize linkages between ecotourism and conservation. Implications and recommendations, relevant to the ecotourism industry, environmental and development organizations, national parks, and other government agencies, are discussed. / Graduate

In an understocked game management area surrounding privately managed Kasanka national park in the Central Province of Zambia, local attitudes towards conservation and park-people relations were examined in the context of a community based natural resource management program. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 260 households and a multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Significant socioeconomic factors and attributes of households relevant in explaining positive conservation attitudes were education, employment with the park, and experience with outreach efforts. Outreach though is constrained by the limits on revenue generation of a small park, low communication of program purpose, and poor relations between park management and the chief. Support for conservation is undermined by antagonism between locals and wildlife scouts and crop damage by elephants. However, attitudes should improve with a strategy to address human-elephant conflict and enhance communication of the programs accomplishments and objectives.

Neste trabalho foi feito um diagnóstico da situação do Parque Nacional das Emas(GO)onde se procurou evidenciar as razões pelas quais o parque não corresponde de forma eficaz aos objetivos de conservação e uso público. Foram trabalhadas questões como o uso do solo no entorno, os recursos humanos e financeiros disponíveis, a estrutura de funcionamento das instituições competentes e o zoneamento interno do parque, buscando-se sempre alternativas de manejo. A abordagem da área de estudo foi feita através da identificação de Unidades de Paisagem de diferentes grandezas (UPs). Essas UPs permitiram o enquadramento do Parque em contextos maiores, favorecendo, ao mesmo tempo, a compreensão de sua dinâmica interna. Como recurso metodológico, as UPs possibilitaram a integração de questões do âmbito natural com o político-administrativo.

This study addresses the healthcare needs of employees and their families living in the Kruger National Park (KNP). A quantitative, explorative, descriptive research design was used to interview respondents who comprised of 75 male and female employees with children of various ages. The findings revealed that physical, psychological, environmental, socio-cultural, and behavioural needs of the employees and their families living in the KNP is probably unattainable as healthcare services are poorly distributed throughout the KNP, being mostly concentrated in the main camp of Skukuza. A number of respondents indicated that they required consultations about psychological and socio-cultural stresses in their lives. These services are not available in the KNP. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第23305号 / 地博第286号 / 新制||地||110(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻 / (主査)准教授 佐藤 宏樹, 教授 山越 言, 准教授 安岡 宏和 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

The wide variety of strata, structural features, and landscapes of Capitol Reef National Park result from its complex, yet discoverable history. Our task was to write and design an informative book on this complexity while making it engaging for the public. We approached the design of this book using Stufflebeam's (2007) CIPP model. The CIPP model uses both summative and formative evaluations in the categories of context, input, process, and product. It provides the framework to methodically investigate the value of a product and identify and correct less effective pedagogical and design elements during its development. We demonstrated the use of the CIPP model as we wrote and illustrated pages of our book. Beginning with context, we identified our target audience, decided how we would provide a book that would serve this cohort, and made a plan for what we would accomplish with Exploring the Diverse Geology of Capitol Reef National Park. The input step involved understanding how to make our goals reality, especially concerning the design of the final book. We researched how the brain learns most effectively and incorporated those ideas into our book. We used principles developed by Clark and Mayer (2011) to reduce extraneous cognitive load. Research by James Hartley (1994) guided the instructional design and typography techniques. The process step helped us stay organized and follow our original plans. Finally, the product step enabled us and others to evaluate our product both formatively and summatively to make necessary alterations and plans for possibly future editions.

The paper deals with development of the area Brno – Žebětín, its object is to increase the attractiveness of the area and to provide a range of activities for inhabitants of the city Brno and its surroundings. The project outlines a current state of the region with its advantages and disadvantages. Simultaneously new variants of improvement are included. Possibilities of building a skatepark, inline track, archery club and bouldering are suggested for providing an additional entertainment options. Great emphasis is placed on helping people with disabilities by hiporehabilitation. Other important factors as races at the Masaryk circuit are also considered. The overall impression is underlined by architectural design of an area centre with dominants in the form of an obelisk, visual axis and the Green Boulevard. During the process of creating of the whole concept were weighted needs of inhabitants, preservation of current uses and protection of local nature