FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / A dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo de estudo a analise dos reflexos dos fluxos de veiculos no Parque Nacional de Jericoacoara , situado no litoral oeste do Estado do Ceara. Este contempla os desdobramentos socioambientais ocasionados pelo intenso fluxo de visitantes, moradores e prestadores de serviÃos veiculados que trafegam no parque em diraÃao a vila de Jericoacoara, principal destino turistico da localidade, pois , para se ter acesso a esta e a outras areas do entorno, à preciso atravessar o Parque. As prÃticas marÃtmas modernas agregradas a atividade turistica tornaram-se mote para a busca de novos espaÃos. Nutrida pela atividade de lazer (sol e mar) e prÃticas nÃuticas (kite, windsurf e surf), a vila de Jericoacoara se tornou em pouco tempo um dos locais mais procurados pelos turistas nacionais e internacionais. Com efeito essas praticas, as dinamicas da atividade turistica e da comunidade conduziram a criaÃao de equipamentos publicos e privados, que , por conseguencia, acarretaram o extrapolamento dos limites da Vila. Outros reflexos deste intenso fluxo incidiram negativamente na formaÃao de trilhas desordenadas que contribuiram sobremaneira para o soterramento de casas e migraÃao do campo de dunas. Para analise destes fatos constatados na pesquisa, trabalhou-se o teÃrico empirico com visitas in loco, reunioes com as comunidades da regiao, orgaos gestores da UC, do municipio e agentes que fazem o turismo acontecer. Outro dado relevante que contribuiu para a composiÃÃo deste trabalho foi a participaÃÃo como membro da equipe do Projeto Zoneamento Geoambiental e Socioeconomico - Plano de uso publico das trilhas de acesso do parque nacional de Jericoacoara, instrumento ulilizado para o reordenamento do fluxo de veÃculos e mitigaÃÃo os impacitos causados poir estes. O Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recurso Renovaveis (IBAMA) procurou atenuar os efeitos do fluxo turistico no parque nacional com a tomada de medidas educativas e restritivas. Com base no projeto de zoneamento realizado em parceria com a Universidade Federal do Cearà UFC e Agencia Espanhola de Cooperativa Internacional - AECI, foram delimitadas trÃs trilhas fixas de acesso ao parque, alÃm de se colocar guaritas nos principais portÃes de acesso, a fim de quantificar e informar os turistas sobre a conduta dentro do parque. O resultado da pesquisa constatou que o maior impeto neste momento sÃo os fluxos de veÃculos que atendem comercialmente a vila. Por fim a analise procura delimitar atà que ponto o acesso realizado pelo Parque Nacional à viÃvel e quais as soluÃÃes possÃveis para mitigar a problemÃtica. / The dissertaÃÃo has as objective of it analyzes it to study of the consequences of the flows of vehicles in the National Park of Jericoacoara, situated in the coastal west of the State of the Ceara. This contemplates the socioambientais unfoldings caused by the intense flow of visitors, inhabitants and rendering of propagated services that pass through in the park in diraÃao the village of Jericoacoara, main tourist destination of the locality, therefore, to have access to this and other areas of entorno, is necessary to cross the Park. Practical marÃtmas modern agregradas the tourist activity had become mote for the search of new spaces. Nourished for the activity of leisure (sun and sea) and practical nautical (kite, windsurf and surf), the village of Jericoacoara if became more in little time one of the places looked by the national and international tourists. With effect these you practise, the dynamic of the tourist activity and of the community they had lead the public equipment creation and private, that, for conseguencia, had caused the extrapolamento of the limits of the Village. Other consequences of this intense flow had happened negative in the formation of disordered tracks that excessively contribuiram for the burial of houses and migration of the dune field. For it analyzes of these facts evidenced in the research, worked the empirical theoretician with visits in I lease, meetings with the communities of the region, managing agencies of the UC, the city and agents who make the tourism to happen. Another excellent data that contributed for the composition of this work were the participation as member of the team of the Project Zoning Geoambiental and Socioeconomico - Plan of use I publish of the tracks of access of the national park of Jericoacoara, instrument ulilizado for the reordenamento of the flow of vehicles and mitigaÃÃo the caused impacitos to poir these. The Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Recurso Renovaveis (IBAMA) looked for to attenuate the effect of the tourist flow in the national park with the taking of educative and restrictive measures. On the basis of the project of zoning carried through in partnership with the Federal University of Cearà UFC and Spanish Agency of International Cooperative - AECI, had been delimited three fixed tracks of access to the park, beyond if placing sentry boxes in the main gates of access, in order to inside quantify and to inform the tourists on the behavior of the park. The result of the research evidenced that the biggest impetus at this moment is the flows of vehicles that take care of the village commercially. Finally it analyzes it search to delimit until point the access carried through for the National Park is viable and which the possible solutions to mitigate the problematic one.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:57:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Angela Maria final.pdf: 3462286 bytes, checksum: f673e5df86eacfce6ec42d67e881c5bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-07 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This work describes the relationship society nature based study of the reality of people in the interior and surroundings, as well as the expropriated of the Parque Nacional da Amazônia in Itaituba - PA. The analysis focuses on the study of the uses and land ownership, from the territorial formation of residents. For the development of such an approach, was taken as the geographical reference preservationist ideals of protected areas, especially the question of national parks, as well as the understanding of territoriality and conflict arising from the creation of the park. We tried to also understand the implications imposed by the agrarian and environmental, with a view to considering the reality of the Parque Nacional da Amazônia in social relations existing in their circuits and scales relations to identify and characterize the impacts and consequences of its implementation. / O presente trabalho aborda a relação sociedade - natureza com base no estudo da realidade dos moradores do interior e entorno, como também dos expropriados do Parque Nacional da Amazônia em Itaituba PA. A análise centra-se no estudo das formas de uso e propriedade da terra, a partir da formação territorial dos moradores. Para o desenvolvimento de tal abordagem, tomou-se como referência geográfica o ideário preservacionista das áreas protegidas, principalmente da questão dos parques nacionais, bem como a compreensão das territorialidades e conflitos oriundos da criação do referido parque. Buscou-se, ainda, perceber as implicações impostas pela questão agrária e ambiental, tendo em vista a análise da realidade do Parque Nacional da Amazônia nas relações sociais existentes em seus circuitos e escalas de relações para identificar e caracterizar os impactos e reflexos de sua implantação.

Esta pesquisa analisa o modo de vida dos moradores locais no interior de uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral, o Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR). Quando o Parque foi criado já residiam vários grupos humanos na região, entre eles o Bairro Ribeirão dos Camargo, que constitui o local de estudo. O Bairro está composto por aproximadamente 50 famílias. Com a implantação da área protegida, mais da metade das famílias foram incluídas nos limites do Parque, dividindo espacialmente os moradores do Bairro em dois grupos; os de dentro e os de fora do PETAR. As principais atividades econômicas dos habitantes do Bairro, até finais da década de 1980, eram a agricultura de coivara, a caça, a pesca, a criação de suínos, de aves de curral e o extrativismo, como reserva monetária em caso de escassez ou de emergência. Também usavam a floresta como fonte de lenha, plantas medicinais e alimentícias, material para artesanato, materiais para construção e reparação das vivendas e demais infraestrutura, e elaboração de cabos de ferramentas simples para uso na lavoura. Com o estabelecimento do PETAR, e a consequente instauração da legislação ambiental, as principais atividades geradoras de renda dos moradores locais foram criminalizadas, repercutindo na reprodução e manutenção de seu modo de vida. Diante da desproteção do Estado dos direitos de acesso à terra dos agricultores familiares locais, eles se organizaram e desenvolveram uma série de estratégias para permanecer no território que eles acreditam como próprio. Apresentando ante a Fundação Florestal, em 2014, a proposta de criação de uma Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, fundamentados na Lei N° 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000, melhor conhecida como Lei do SNUC, que possibilitaria os moradores do Bairro Ribeirão dos Camargo permanecerem na área. Contudo, vários dos antigos residentes abandonaram o local devido às restrições de uso agrícola do solo e do extrativismo. O Bairro sofre de uma contínua emigração, principalmente dos jovens, que logo depois de completar o colegial, não encontram uma ocupação lícita que gere uma renda que lhes permita permanecer na área. No caso do cenário atual não mudar, a descaracterização do agricultor familiar do Bairro é inevitável. O agricultor irá desaparecer, vai passar de mateiro, agricultor familiar, artesão, criador de suínos para guarda noturno, motorista, cozinheiro, servente. Com ele se perderá a agrobiodiversidade local e um cúmulo de conhecimentos da relação ser humano-natureza que poderiam ser valiosos para aprimorar a conservação da biodiversidade no PETAR. / This research analyses the livelihood of local residents in a state park, PETAR (Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira in portuguese). When the Park was created several human groups habited the region, among them, the study area the community called Bairro Ribeirão dos Camargo. The community is composed of approximately 50 families. With the establishment of the protected area, more than half of the families were included on the boundaries of the Park, the neighborhood residents were spatially divided in two groups; on the inside and the outside of the PETAR. The main economic activities of the inhabitants of the community were slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting, fishing, raising pigs and chicken, and extractivism as monetary reserve in case of scarcity or emergency. They also made use of the forest as a source of firewood, medicinal and food plants, material for crafts, materials for construction and repair of houses, other infrastructure and simple farm tools for agriculture. With the establishment of PETAR, and the consequent fulfillment of environmental legislation, the main income-generating activities of local residents were criminalized, with consequences on the reproduction of their livelihood. Face the State\' unprotecting of the local farmers\' rights to access to land, they organized and developed a series of strategies to remain in the territory that they believe own. They presented at Forest Foundation, at 2014, the proposal for the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve -RDS- (Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável in portuguese), based on the SNUC law, a RDS would allow the residents of the Bairro Ribeirão dos Camargo remain in the area. However, many of the former residents have left the site due to restrictions on agricultural use of soil and extractivism. The community suffers a continuing emigration, especially of young people, who soon after completing high school are not finding a lawful occupation to generate an income that allows them to remain in the area. If the current scenario does not change the disappearance of community\' family farmer is inevitable. The small farmer will disappear. He will move from family farmer, craftsman and pigs farmer to night guard, driver, cook, and servant. With family farmer\' disappearance will be lost a local agro-biodiversity and an accumulation of knowledge of the relationship man-nature that could be valuable to improve biodiversity conservation in PETAR.

A criação de parques tecnológicos tem sido bastante acionada para incentivar o processo inovador no Brasil. Verifica-se um grande aumento no número de iniciativas de parques tecnológicos, fato que reflete as políticas de incentivo específico aos parques e a importância que a inovação possui como parte do processo de desenvolvimento econômico. Considerados como ambientes propícios às atividades das empresas inovadoras, os parques tecnológicos tem como objetivo reunir elementos específicos que gerem uma sinergia capaz de formar redes de cooperação para a inovação. As relações entre empresas, universidades e centros de pesquisa recebem, portanto, importância destacada uma vez que podem engendrar inovações e transferência de tecnologia. Desta forma, os parques tecnológicos podem constituir meios inovadores que, de acordo com Aydalot (1986), correspondem as condições externas à empresa que impulsionam a adoção da inovação e que podem desempenhar um papel determinante no processo de incubação de inovações. No Brasil, o estado de São Paulo constitui o ente federativo com o maior número de iniciativas de parques tecnológicos e também é o único a possuir uma política específica para o seu fomento, o Sistema Paulista de Parques Tecnológicos - SPTec. Partindo da análise dos parques tecnológicos do estado de São Paulo em operação e com credenciamento definitivo no SPTec, esta tese busca compreender a forma de atuação dos parques no fomento da inovação, como estruturas de apoio e como estruturas capazes de suscitar inovação, podendo compor meios inovadores. / The creation of science parks has been quite adopted to encourage the innovative process in Brazil. There is a large increase in the number of science parks initiatives, a fact that reflects the specific incentive policies to parks and the importance that innovation has as part of the economic development process. Considered environments capable of developing innovative activities in companies, science parks aim to bring together specific elements that create a synergy able to forming collaborative networks for innovation. Relations between companies, universities and research centers receive so prominent importance since they can engender innovation and technology transfer. Thus, science parks can provide innovative environments that, according to Aydalot (1986), correspond to the external conditions that drive enterprise adoption of innovation and that can play a decisive role in the incubation of innovation process. In Brazil, the state of São Paulo is the federal entity with the largest number of initiatives science parks and is also the only one to have a specific policy for promoting them, the Paulista System Technology Parks - SPTec. Based on the analysis of science parks in the state of São Paulo in operation and final accreditation in SPTec, this thesis seeks to understand the modus operandi of the parks in fostering innovation as support structures as structures capable of giving rise to innovation. In this movement, science parks can compose innovative environments.

Background : The recorded history of veld burning in the Kruger National Park (KNP) started with the appointment of Colonel James Stevenson-Hamilton as warden of the Park (then the Sabie Game Reserve) in July 1912 and can be divided into five periods: From 1912 to 1926, a haphazard, and indecisive burning policy was practiced, mainly due to the perception that fire was unfavourable for the environment and because the means to combat veld fires were very meagre. From 1926 to 1948, in which period it was realized that fire was not only unavoidable over a large area such as the KNP, but also actually desirable, necessary and beneficial when applied with circumspection. During this period the capability to successfully introduce and apply a definite fire policy did not exist. From 1948 to 1956, prescribed burning was not practiced, but a network of graded firebreaks was being established (to create burning blocks), and wild fires were actively combated. From 1957 to 1993, during which period a definite prescribed burning policy was practiced, amended several times, but basically consisting of a triennial rotational system where blocks were burned by management. All fires of non-management ignition sources were combated. From 1993 to the present, when a policy of allowing lightning-ignited fires to burn freely was introduced, and fires of human origin were suppressed. The shift away from a rigid prescribed burning programme was because of the concern that the dominance of grass species characteristic of over utilised veld was a result of too frequent burning (Potgieter, 2001). Lightning fires probably played just as an important role in shaping African savanna in pre-industrial times as anthropogenic fires caused by preindustrial man. The role of post-industrial man as far as its influence on the creation of savanna is concerned is probably negligible, but significantly important in the role of maintaining savanna, although probably not more so than that of lighting fires. Fires caused by postindustrial man becomes suspect as far as the creation of savanna is concerned, because instead of the mere burning of the veld for the pure reasons of survival as practiced by pre-industrial man, a measure of commercialism crept in (Potgieter, 2001). Fire management of the KNP in pre-industrial times can be regarded in the same light as that of post-industrial times. Although the motive for burning the veld in the KNP was beyond reproach, the underlying reasoning was not. Managers’ thinking was geared towards preventing so called “devastating fires”, laying to waste large areas of the Park, not realising that this was in actual fact nature going about its business in this ecosystem. They therefore devised a system of firebreak roads, which was gradually extended to the extent that we now have more than 4000 km roads that must be maintained. This was all in the cause of preventing or managing lightning and arson fires. Given the above, a revision of the veld fire policy was extremely necessary. The mission statement hammered out during the revising process in 1993 underscored and supported the proposal put forward in 1992, that lightning fires should be recognised as a legitimate and completely natural phenomenon in the Lowveld ecosystem. This had to be weighed against the prevailing practice of combating all fires caused by lightning and non-management anthropogenic sources of fire. The essence of this policy would therefore be to allow lightning-fires to burn to their full extent i.e. if vegetation conditions (available biomass) are such that large areas will burn, then such burns will be permitted to proceed to their full extent with the provision that no more than 50% of the management unit will be allowed to burn out (no matter what the ignition source) in a specific fire season (Potgieter, 2001).

Creating engaging applications can be difficult and challenging. In a constantly evolvingworld of technology, more and more daily activities provides us with reward. Moreand more people play games, at home, on the buss, on the train. More and more peopleexperience the spark of joy as they are rewarded and motivated to perform better, toprogress. This thesis presents the design and development of an application prototype used in awildlife park to enhance and promote engagement using elements of gamification. Gamificationis a term that has risen in popularity the last couple of years. With the use ofsimple game elements one can transform otherwise mundane applications into somethingengaging.Here we discuss and present the different aspects of designing an application usinggamification, as well as an evaluation of engagement and usability following conventionaland established means of user testing and engagement measuring. It is concluded that gamification elements can indeed be used to achieve high engagement.

Repeat photography, the process of retaking an existing photograph from the same vantage point, can give insight into long-term land cover dynamics. I advance the use of repeat photography to quantify landscape change in two ways: first, I demonstrate that rigorous field and post-processing methods can lead to highly accurate co-registration of images; second, I show that oblique photographs can provide land cover composition information similar to conventional satellite (Landsat) imagery for dominant land cover types, and that oblique photographs are better at resolving narrow or steep landscape features. I then present a novel approach to evaluate long-term biodiversity change using repeat photography: I measure land cover composition in 46 historical and modern photograph pairs in the Willmore Wilderness Park, Alberta, Canada, and use that land cover information as input into species-habitat models to predict the probability of occurrence of 15 songbird species. I show that coniferous forest cover increased over the past century, leading to a homogenization of the landscape which increased the probability of occurrence of forest-adapted species but negatively impacted non-forest-adapted species. / Graduate / 2019-04-18

Tourism has become an essential attribute of modern society that has an effect on the world and its citizens. On the other hand, tourism can also be blamed for an increase in environmental and social stress. Hence the need for a more sustainable tourism industry was advocated; thus the birth of alternative forms of tourism such as urban ecotourism, responsible tourism and community-based tourism. Urban ecotourism has been identified as a method of sustainable tourism that is expected to subsidise to both conservation and development in urban areas. This requires input and cooperation from various stakeholders. One of the most important stakeholders in this process is the local community. Thus, when there is collaboration with host communities in urban ecotourism projects, these projects convert to become community development. These projects such as urban parks are vital assets within the local community as they assist in addressing a broader range of environmental and societal issues. However, these instrumental resources are often ignored, resulting in a loss of potential benefits.

Ce travail de thèse traite du problème de surveillance en ligne de défaillances électriques dans les entrainements électriques à base de machines synchrones à aimants permanents (MSAP) par une méthode de suivi paramétrique. Les défauts de court-circuit entre spires au stator sont souvent critiques et doivent être détectés au plus tôt avec un bon taux de confiance afin d’informer un système superviseur de la présence d’une défaillance pour limiter les risques encourues par l’environnement matériel et humain situé autour de la machine en défaut. La méthode que nous proposons de mettre en œuvre pour la détection des courts-circuits statoriques est basée des techniques d’identifications récursives. Nous proposons d’identifier en ligne les paramètres d’un modèle diphasé électrique de l’actionneur synchrone et d’analyser les variations des paramètres identifiées lors de l’apparition d’un défaut. Pour assurer les performances des méthodes d’identification, il est souvent nécessaire de disposer d’un signal d’excitation additionnel pour assurer les bonnes performances des algorithmes. Ces signaux peuvent cependant perturber le fonctionnement normal de la machine et entrainer des pertes additionnelles. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une approche par identification faisant appel à un modèle diphasé spécifique appelé « le repère de Park à courants orientés ». Ce repère permet, tout en réduisant la complexité du problème d’identification, d’obtenir des propriétés d’auto-excitation intéressantes et donc d’éviter l’utilisation d’une excitation additionnelle. Des simulations sont menées à l’aide d’un modèle fin de la machine permettant de reproduire des situations de défaillances de manière virtuelle et d’éprouver l’efficacité des algorithmes dans ces situations dégradées. Cette machine, pouvant fonctionner en générateur ou en moteur, est intégrée dans un environnement complet, incluant le cas échéant une alimentation, une charge mécanique et éventuellement une commande, ce qui permet également de tester les algorithmes pour des fonctionnements en boucle ouverte et en boucle fermée. Les résultats présentés permettent de valider les techniques proposées et montrent qu’elles permettent d’extraire automatiquement, à partir des variations des paramètres identifiés, un indicateur de défaut. Des résultats expérimentaux sont également présentés en fonctionnement générateur sur une machine spécialement re-bobinée pour permettre la réalisation de défaut statoriques. Les algorithmes sont implantés sur une cible de calcul numérique afin de démontrer la faisabilité temps réelle de la détection / This work deals with the on-line monitoring of electrical faults in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) by parameter monitoring method. The inter-turns short-circuits faults in stator are often critical and have to be detected as early as possible with a high confidence rate to inform the supervisor system of the fault presence in order to limit the risk for the material and human environment. The proposed method is focus on the detection of short-circuits in stator and based on recursive identification technique. The on-line parameter identification uses an electrical diphase model of the PMSM and the analysis of the estimated parameter variations is performed to detect the presence of stator faults. In a general way, to ensure the performance of identification algorithms, it is necessary to have additional excitation signals. Consequently, those signals could disturb the normal operation of the drive. To overcome this problem, a specific diphase model in currents oriented Park reference frame is introduced for identification process. By reducing the complexity of identification problem, this reference frame provides an interesting auto-excitation property that leads to avoid the utilisation of additional excitation signals. The simulations are performed using an accurate model of PMSM that allows reproducing the failure situation and prove the efficiency of algorithms in degraded situations. This machine, operating as generator or motor, is integrated in a complete environment, included a power supply, mechanical load and control process. The detection scheme is then tested in open and closed loop operation. The results obtained from the simulation process underline the ability of the proposed technique to detect a stator fault occurrence and show that a fault indicator can be extracted automatically from the variation of estimated parameters. Experimental results are also achieved. A PMSM, with a specific winding including additional connexion points for stator short-circuit realisation is used. The algorithms are implemented in a numerical calculator in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the real-time faults detection for a generator operation mode

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Despite the vast research on drugs, gang violence and gangsterism in South Africa and specifically in the Western Cape, little is known about the experiences of school-going adolescents who reside in the areas ravaged by these gangs. The general image that emerges from the literature is negative and apathetic about the plight of adolescents residing in gang infested communities as they are usually seen and referred to as part of the problem. Previous studies and literature have therefore omitted the actual experiences of non-gang related adolescents as a result of the existence of gangs and gangsterism in their communities. This research explored these experiences in detail focusing specifically on school-going adolescents between the ages of 16 to 18 and mostly targeting Grade 11 in Hanover Park- Western Cape. The population of the study was therefore all adolescents within the area of Hanover Park with the specific sample of study targeting mainly the school-going non-gang affiliated adolescents of Hanover Park, preferably those doing Grade 11 and registered at a Hanover Park school. The researcher also explored and looked at the experiences of the school-going adolescents through use of focus groups with at least eighteen (18) learners from each of the two selected high schools in Hanover Park. These 18 participants from each school were divided into three different groups implying that the researcher ran three separate focus groups at each of the schools. This was also be supported by the use of qualitative semi- structured interviews that were conducted with at least 6 participants from the focus group sessions with 1 participant being selected from each group. This ultimately gave perspective on the unexplored views and experiences of school-going learners in Hanover Park that are assumed to be non-gang affiliated but experience the pressures and existence of gangs in their communities