ix, 111 p. / This dissertation contains the results obtained from a study of two subjects in mathematical general relativity. The first part of this dissertation is about the existence of Killing symmetries in spacetimes containing a compact Cauchy horizon. We prove the existence of a nontrivial Killing symmetry in a large class of analytic cosmological spacetimes with a compact Cauchy horizon for any spacetime dimension. In doing so, we also remove the restrictive analyticity condition and obtain a generalization to the smooth case. The second part of the dissertation presents our results on the global stability problem for a class of cosmological models. We investigate the power law inflating cosmological models in the presence of electromagnetic fields. A stability result for such cosmological spacetimes is proved. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material. / Committee in charge: James Brau, Chair; James Isenberg, Advisor; Paul Csonka, Member; John Toner, Member; Peng Lu, Outside Member

CARVALHO, Daniel Alencar de. Dialética do descompasso: os tempos de Monteiro Lobato na composição da nação brasileira (1914-1927). 2016. 225f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-08T13:16:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dacarvalho.pdf: 4644280 bytes, checksum: 1b6693e5dd9ca7f341712990b99ea860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-08T15:09:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dacarvalho.pdf: 4644280 bytes, checksum: 1b6693e5dd9ca7f341712990b99ea860 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T15:09:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dacarvalho.pdf: 4644280 bytes, checksum: 1b6693e5dd9ca7f341712990b99ea860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This research analyses Monteiro Lobato’s times in the composition of the Brazilian nation, between the years 1914-1927. The writer understood socioeconomic cultural inequalities inherent to the increasing inclusion of the country in the capitalist economy, integrating the most remote corners of the country to the frenzy of the offer, the demand and the competition, through temporal concepts, highlighting the different cadences of the transformation of the Brazilian society. According to this view, the past is something anachronistic, backward and obsolete; the future is “tomorrow”, the modern and the progress. There was a tension between the space of experience related to the caboclos from blackland, “dead cities” and the misery in the backlands and the horizon of expectation represented by the sequence of technological developments, the North American advance and Henry Ford’s principles of prosperity according to Reinhart Koselleck’ s categories. So, I investigate the elaborate projects in order to cadence the time of the nation and finally build the imagined community called Brazil as a nation where the “jecas” would be integrated to the progress through new conditions of work. Monteiro Lobato, through the fictional universe of the Yellow Woodpecker Farm, (re)connected past/future or traditional/modern, removing unethical aspects of these concepts and finding their synthesis. Monteiro Lobato’s complete works constitute the sources of this dissertation as his short stories, novel, journalistic texts, stories and texts about art critic. / Esta pesquisa analisa os tempos de Monteiro Lobato na composição da nação brasileira, entre 1914-1927. O escritor entendia desigualdades socioeconômicas e culturais intrínsecas à crescente inclusão do país na economia capitalista, integrando os rincões mais remotos ao frenesi da oferta, da demanda e da concorrência, a partir de conceitos temporais, evidenciando os diversos ritmos de transformação da sociedade brasileira. Nesta visão, o passado é algo anacrônico, atrasado e ultrapassado; o futuro é o “amanhã”, o moderno e o progresso. Havia uma tensão entre o espaço de experiência, ou seja, os caboclos do interior, as “cidades mortas” e a miséria dos sertões e o horizonte de expectativa, a sucessão de desenvolvimentos tecnológicos, o adiantamento norte-americano e os princípios da prosperidade de Henry Ford, conforme as categorias de Reinhart Koselleck. Desta maneira, investigo os projetos elaborados no intuito de cadenciar os tempos da nação e, enfim, construir a comunidade imaginada Brasil, isto é, nação onde os “jecas” seriam integrados ao progresso através de novas condições de trabalho. O universo ficcional do Sítio do Picapau Amarelo também foi espaço onde Monteiro Lobato (re)aproximou passado/futuro ou tradicional/moderno, retirando o caráter antitético destes conceitos e encontrando sua síntese. As obras completas de Monteiro Lobato, sobretudo, incluindo contos, romance, jornalismo e crítica, textos esparsos e correspondência, constituem as fontes da dissertação.

O corpus desta dissertação tem por objetivo a análise das obras A Maior flor do Mundo de José Saramago, O Gato e o Escuro de Mia Couto e O Mistério do Coelho Pensante de Clarice Lispector para o público infantil. A análise empreendida tem como referencial teórico a Estética da Recepção de Hans Robert Jauss e a Teoria do Efeito Estético de Wolfgang Iser, correntes que figuram o leitor como elemento atuante no ato da leitura, convidando-o a mergulhar nas entrelinhas dos textos e preencher lacunas ou hiatos, deixados pelos autores que mobilizam o leitor a formular o que não foi dito através da imaginação. A linguagem das obras mencionadas age como instrumento de percepção do leitor e símbolo da infância, pois, tornar-se-ão prazerosa, fantástica e maravilhosa sem a função disciplinadora e moralista que, anteriormente, inibia a criança de se expressar com liberdade. Ao trabalhar com conceitos como recepção, efeito, horizonte de expectativas e leitor implícito, busca-se explicar como se dá a leitura e a sua inserção no contexto das práticas culturais de produção de sentido. As obras estudadas contribuem para a formação de leitores críticos e reflexivos ao questionarem a linguagem literária diante das experiências da vida. As ilustrações das obras não se apresentam somente como simples complementação dos textos verbais, mas também, adquirem significados e expressões estéticas / The corpus of this essay is mainly to study accurately the following literary compositions: A Maior Flor do Mundo by José Saramago, O Gato e o Escuro by Mia Couto and O Mistério do Coelho Pensante by Clarice Lispector for childish readers. The undertaken analyses has as a theoretical reference Estética da Recepção by Hans Robert Jauss and Teoria do Efeito Estético by Wolfgang Iser, tendencies wich take the reader as an active active element in the act of reading, letting him/her go deeply into the text and fill in the blanks left by the authors who make the reader formulate what was not said through his/her imagination. The language of the mentioned books works as the readers instrument of perception and childhood symbol, so that they will be so amazing, fantastic and wonderful without having the function of controlling and moralizing , which made children not to express themselves with freedom in the past. When concepts as reception, effect horizon of expectations and implicit reader are worked, we try to explain how the reading involves children and its introduction in the cultural context of sense production. The analysed literary compositions contribute to make analytical and thoughtful readers object life experiences. The book illustrations do not appear as only verbal text complement, but also getting expression and esthetic meanings

O corpus desta dissertação tem por objetivo a análise das obras A Maior flor do Mundo de José Saramago, O Gato e o Escuro de Mia Couto e O Mistério do Coelho Pensante de Clarice Lispector para o público infantil. A análise empreendida tem como referencial teórico a Estética da Recepção de Hans Robert Jauss e a Teoria do Efeito Estético de Wolfgang Iser, correntes que figuram o leitor como elemento atuante no ato da leitura, convidando-o a mergulhar nas entrelinhas dos textos e preencher lacunas ou hiatos, deixados pelos autores que mobilizam o leitor a formular o que não foi dito através da imaginação. A linguagem das obras mencionadas age como instrumento de percepção do leitor e símbolo da infância, pois, tornar-se-ão prazerosa, fantástica e maravilhosa sem a função disciplinadora e moralista que, anteriormente, inibia a criança de se expressar com liberdade. Ao trabalhar com conceitos como recepção, efeito, horizonte de expectativas e leitor implícito, busca-se explicar como se dá a leitura e a sua inserção no contexto das práticas culturais de produção de sentido. As obras estudadas contribuem para a formação de leitores críticos e reflexivos ao questionarem a linguagem literária diante das experiências da vida. As ilustrações das obras não se apresentam somente como simples complementação dos textos verbais, mas também, adquirem significados e expressões estéticas / The corpus of this essay is mainly to study accurately the following literary compositions: A Maior Flor do Mundo by José Saramago, O Gato e o Escuro by Mia Couto and O Mistério do Coelho Pensante by Clarice Lispector for childish readers. The undertaken analyses has as a theoretical reference Estética da Recepção by Hans Robert Jauss and Teoria do Efeito Estético by Wolfgang Iser, tendencies wich take the reader as an active active element in the act of reading, letting him/her go deeply into the text and fill in the blanks left by the authors who make the reader formulate what was not said through his/her imagination. The language of the mentioned books works as the readers instrument of perception and childhood symbol, so that they will be so amazing, fantastic and wonderful without having the function of controlling and moralizing , which made children not to express themselves with freedom in the past. When concepts as reception, effect horizon of expectations and implicit reader are worked, we try to explain how the reading involves children and its introduction in the cultural context of sense production. The analysed literary compositions contribute to make analytical and thoughtful readers object life experiences. The book illustrations do not appear as only verbal text complement, but also getting expression and esthetic meanings

Funerary Practices at Puerto Supe during the Middle HorizonThe article presents a summary of the investigation related to a group of 21 funeral contexts, dated to the Middle Horizon and recovered during the Archaeological Rescue Project at Puerto Supe-Sitio 1, during March 1991. The Project was in charge of Mercedes Cárdenas. / El artículo presenta un resumen del estudio de un conjunto de 21 contextos funerarios, en su mayoría del Horizonte Medio, procedentes del Proyecto de Rescate Arqueológico en Puerto Supe-Sitio 1, realizado durante marzo de 1991. La dirección del Proyecto estuvo a cargo de Mercedes Cárdenas M.

Funerary Contexts at the Ancón Necropolis from Final Middle Horizon. Analytical Perspectives and InvestigationThis note deals with the potential analytical strength of a series of funerary contexts from Ancón, attributed to Middle Horizon 4 and excavated during 1946 and 1949 by different teams of Peruvian archaeologists. This suggested analysis is based on an appropiate methodology of the reconstruction of contexts parting from extant documentation and associated objects. / En el presente trabajo se expone brevemente las potencialidades de análisis de una muestra de contextos funerarios provenientes del sitio de Ancón, asignados a la Época 4 del Horizonte Medio y excavados entre 1946 y 1949 por diversos equipos de arqueólogos peruanos. Dicho análisis supone el empleo de una metodología apropiada de reconstrucción de los contextos mismos, a partir de los registros (gráficos y escritos) y de los materiales arqueológicos que hasta hoy se han preservado.

The Department of Arequipa is commonly seen as forming the southern frontier of the Wari Empire. This chapter questions theevidence for Wari conquest and control over the region by noting the paucity of evidence for either an extractive economy or state administrative facilities. I argue that down-the-line reactions to Huari urbanization and colonization are better explanations for the widespread social changes and Wari stylistic influence that occurred in Arequipa. Wari state incursions into the Nazca Valley destabilized the region at the beginning of the Middle Horizon, and fostered the growth of elites in coastal Arequipa who legitimated their tenuous status positions through violence, long-distant exchange, and adherence to a hybrid Wari/Nasca/Acarí ideology. After social stratification was well-established on the coast, these local elites turned towards the sierra in order to create a regional economy in the second half of the Middle Horizon. The social changes and Wari stylistic influence that resulted in highland Arequipa from this economy reflected links with coastal Arequipa rather than contact with Wari or its colonies. / El departamento de Arequipa es generalmente conocido como la frontera sur del Imperio wari. Este capítulo cuestiona la evidencia sobre la conquista y el control Wari en la región por falta de evidencia de economía extractiva o centros administrativos del Estado. Sostengo que las reacciones a la urbanización y colonización Huari son mejores explicaciones para los extensos cambios sociales y la influencia del estilo Wari que ocurrió en Arequipa. La invasión al valle de Nazca por parte del Estado wari desestabilizo laregión a comienzos del Horizonte Medio, y estimularon el crecimiento de las elites de la costa de Arequipa que legitimaron susposiciones de situación precaria a través de violencia, comercio a larga distancia, y adhesión a una ideología Wari/Nasca/Acari hibrida. Después de la estratificación social estar bien establecida en la costa, las elites locales se dirigieron hacia a sierra para crear una economía regional durante la segunda mitad del Horizonte Medio. Los cambios sociales y la influencia del estilo Wari que ocurrieron por la economía mencionada anteriormente resultaron en la sierra de Arequipa por estos enlaces que reflejaban la economía con la costa de Arequipa, en vez de contacto con los wari o sus colonias.

Apart from the materials and archaeological contexts excavated at Hacha in the Acarí Valley, until now evidence for the Initial Period along the southern coast of Perú were limited to some isolated findings that lacked well-defined contexts, e.g. from sites like Erizo in the Ica Valley, Mastodonte in the pampa of Villacurí (Ica) and Disco Verde on the Paracas Peninsula. There were no reported findings from the Río Grande of Nasca region. Only very recently, with the development of the Nasca-Palpa Archaeological Project, were sites and evidence for the Initial Period in the Palpa Valleys encountered. These provide new insights into and new perspectives on the process of cultural development for this part of the south coast. In this paper we present and discuss the numerous finds and findings of the Initial Period that have been recovered in the excavations at Pernil Alto, which include architectural structures, ceramics and other associated materials. The analysis of these findings indicates that already in this moment in time the conditions for the stable and permanent development of the populations settling in the Río Grande drainage were given. Twenty radiocarbon dates confirm the chronological position of the contexts excavated in Pernil Alto. / Con excepción de los materiales y contextos arqueológicos excavados en el sitio de Hacha, en el valle de Acarí, las evidencias disponibles sobre el Periodo Inicial en toda la costa sur del Perú se limitan a algunos hallazgos aislados y sin contextos definidos procedentes de yacimientos como Erizo, en el valle de Ica, Mastodonte, en la pampa de Villacurí (Ica), y Disco Verde, en la península de Paracas. Los datos y materiales de la cuenca de Río Grande están ausentes hasta el momento. Solo de manera reciente, con el desarrollo del Proyecto Arqueológico Nasca-Palpa, se han registrado nuevos sitios y evidencias sobre el Periodo Inicial en los valles de Palpa, los que proporcionan una nueva perspectiva sobre el proceso de desarrollo cultural que tuvo esta parte de la costa sur. De este modo, en el presente artículo se exponen y discuten los numerosos vestigios del Periodo Inicial recuperados en las excavaciones en el sitio de Pernil Alto, los que comprenden estructuras arquitectónicas, cerámica y otros materiales asociados. El análisis de estos elementos señala que, ya en ese tiempo, se habían dado las condiciones para el desarrollo estable y permanente de las poblaciones asentadas en la cuenca de Río Grande. Veinte fechados radiocarbónicos confirman, ampliamente, la posición cronológica de los contextos excavados en este complejo.

This work introduces the site of Catalina Huanca and presents the results of research conducted on its Monticulos 6 and 7 between 2006-2008. Archaeological intervention has permitted the identication of the scope of local politicalprocesses that developed there in prehistory. Around 550 AD, Lima society began the planned construction of this extensive public center in the middle Rimac Valley, representing an enormous investment of work and organization. An analysis of the architectural sequence of Monticulo 7 has illustrated that during the course of 150 years, the settlement’s buldings were continually renovated, reproducing original architectural schematics and therefore the same ideological principles that sustained local power. Later, towards 700-750 AD, the site’s buldings were buried and abandoned following a number of human sacrices, above which was recorded a thick strata of silt. After 750 AD, one of the mounds of the settlement (Monticulo 6) was reutilized as a cemetery for a population whose material culture was found to be associated with the Huari phenomenon. / Se presenta una introducción del sitio Catalina Huanca así como los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en los Montículos 6 y 7 durante los años 2006-2008. Tales intervenciones nos han permitido identicar el desarrollo de procesos políticos locales. Así, alrededor del año 550 d.C., la sociedad Lima inicia la construcción planicada de un extenso centro público en el valle medio del Rímac, el cual implicó una enorme inversión de trabajo y organización. El análisis de la secuencia arquitectónica del Montículo 7 nos indica que durante un trascurso de 150 años, los edicios del asentamiento fueron renovados continuamente, reproduciendo las plantas arquitectónicas originales y por lo tanto los mismos principios que sustentaban la ideología del poder local. Luego, hacia los años 700-750 d.C. los edicios son sepultados y abandonados tras eventos de sacricios humanos, después de lo cual se registran gruesos estratos de limo.A partir del 750 d.C. uno de los montículos del asentamiento (Montículo 6) es reutilizado como cementerio de una población cuya cultura material se encuentra asociada al fenómeno wari.

Rethinking the Middle Horizon: A Case Study at Conchopata, Ayacucho, PerúKnowledge about the past is socially created, in historical contexts that influence how we understand and interpret archaeological information. Consequently, as time change we must be prepared to modify our thinking about prehispanic cultures. The Middle Horizon cultural period and the archaeological site of Conchopata, in Peru's Ayacucho valley, seemed very well understood but recent excavations have revealed unexpected new possibilities.Archaeologists believed that a new religious ideology spread from Tiwanaku initiated the Middle Horizon at Conchopata. But newly defined «D»-shaped temple buildings, associated with the art called «Tiwanaku» have no parallels in Tiwanaku´s Lake Titicaca homeland.Conchopata was considered haphazard in form, occupied primarily by specialists in the production of pottery. But new research shows that much of Conchopata's architectural core was planned and enclosed by perimeter walls, and a palace may have been located in the city's architectural core. Numerous new offerings of giant pottery have been excavated, suggesting that these ceremonial ceramics may have been brewing and serving sets for feast organized by ancient kings. Several forms of burials have been identified ranging from interments to Bedrock Cavity Interment and Mortuary Building Interments, and one grave might have been a royal tomb. Finally a suite of radiocarbon dates confirm much thinking about Middle Horizon chronology, but they suggest that Tiwanaku iconography did not arrive at Conchopata until the middle of the phase, when a long tradition of polychrome ceramic painting already existed. Apparently Conchopata was more than the recipient of new religion and art from the Altiplano. We must be prepared to abandon old ideas about Conchopata and the Middle Horizon as more convincing understandings emerge. / El conocimiento del pasado se crea socialmente, en contextos históricos que influyen en la forma en que se entiende e interpreta la información arqueológica. En consecuencia, a medida que los tiempos cambian, los arqueólogos deben estar preparados para modificar su forma de pensar acerca de las culturas prehispánicas. Tanto el periodo cultural denominado Horizonte Medio como el sitio arqueólogico de Conchopata, en el valle de Ayacucho, Perú, parecían bien comprendidos hasta el momento; sin embargo, excavaciones recientes han revelado nuevas e inesperadas posibilidades.Los arqueólogos creían que una nueva ideología religiosa proveniente de Tiwanaku dio comienzo al Horizonte Medio en Conchopata, pero los recientemente definidos templos en forma de «D», que se encuentran asociados con el arte denominado «Tiwanaku», no tienen paralelo en el área de origen de Tiwanaku en el lago Titicaca.Conchopata era considerado como un centro de forma irregular y habitado primariamente por especialistas en la elaboracion de cerámica, pero las nuevas investigaciones demuestran que gran parte de su núcleo arquitectónico fue bien planificado y circundado por muros perimetrales y que podría haber existido un palacio en él. Se han excavado numerosas ofrendas de cerámica gigante, lo que sugiere que esta cerámica ceremonial podría haber sido usada para preparar y servir bebidas en fiestas organizadas por los antiguos reyes. Varias formas de contextos funerarios han sido identificados, desde estructuras simples, en cavidades en la roca madre, hasta construcciones mortuorias especiales. Finalmente, un conjunto de fechados radiocarbónicos confirma algunas ideas acerca del Horizonte Medio, pero sugieren también que la iconografía Tiwanaku no llegó a Conchopata hasta mediados de su ocupación, cuando una larga tradición de cerámica polícroma ya existía en la zona. Aparentemente, Conchopata fue mucho más que un simple receptor de una nueva religión y arte procedentes del altiplano. Por ello, los arqueólogos deben estar preparados para dejar de lado viejas ideas acerca de este complejo y del Horizonte Medio, a medida que emergen interpretaciones más convincentes.