A presente dissertação objetiva compreender a influência do processo de adequação entre o espaço concebido originalmente a partir de um projeto e o espaço vivido temporalmente a partir das apropriações nas dinâmicas cotidianas do espaço percebido. Para tal, optou-se por analisar a história de consolidação do espaço físico e social do Conjunto Habitacional Guajuviras como o estudo de caso deste trabalho. Este conjunto popular foi projetado e implantado em Canoas/RS entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980 a partir do Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH) e da Companhia Habitacional (COHAB) local e passou por um processo conturbado de apropriação e ocupação irregular. Hoje o Bairro Guajuviras vivencia uma série de contradições físicas e sociais em função das transformações e adaptações que originaram regiões distintas dentro de um mesmo lugar. Juntas estas diferentes parcelas e seus respectivos cotidianos configuram um mosaico de espaços conhecido popularmente como “Guaju” que é abordado aqui em função de três momentos complementares. Primeiramente, analisa-se a história do conjunto destacando a origem das diferentes regiões. Em seguida, objetiva-se mapear o processo de adequação considerando as adaptações físicas de cada região. E, por ultimo, pretende-se apreender os percursos cotidianos enfatizando as diferentes fronteiras a serem atravessadas pelos moradores de cada região. Após cada um dos momentos, o objeto de estudo é aprofundado em função de uma reconstrução do espaço que é ao mesmo tempo histórica, física e social. / This dissertation aims to understand the influence of the adequacy process between the space originally designed from a project and the space temporally lived from the appropriations in the everyday dynamics of the perceived space. To this end, it was decided to analyze the consolidation history of physical and social space Housing Guajuviras set as the case study of this work. This popular housing was designed and implemented in Canoas/RS between the 1970s and 1980s from the National Housing Bank (BNH) and the Housing Company (COHAB) site and went through a troubled process of appropriation and illegal occupation. Today Guajuviras district experience a series of physical and social contradictions due to the changes and adaptations that led to different regions within the same place. Together these different plots and their everyday configure a space mosaic popularly known as "Guaju" which is addressed here in terms of three complementary moments. First, it analyzes the history of the housing highlighting the origin of the different regions. Then the objective is to map the adequacy process considering the physical adaptations of each region. And lastly, it is intended to grasp the daily routes emphasizing the different borders to be crossed by the residents of each region. After each of the moments, the object of study is deepened due to a reconstruction of the space that is historical, physical and social.

No presente estudo buscou-se desenvolver uma metodologia simplificada para avaliar o impacto ambiental do processo de fabricação de placas de revestimentos cerâmicos – via úmida. Para dar subsídios ao desenvolvimento do modelo de avaliação ambiental e para obter um maior conhecimento do processo produtivo, foram elaboradas planilhas que correlacionavam as etapas do sistema produtivo com os tipos e volumes de resíduos nele gerados. Relacionaram-se a estas planilhas, as normas técnicas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), as quais determinam as metodologias de amostragem, caracterizações, monitoramento, tratamento dos resíduos sólidos e efluentes líquidos e gasosos; as Legislações Federal e Estadual pertinentes, as quais dispõem sobre o controle da poluição ambiental. O modelo de avaliação do impacto ambiental aqui proposto, foi desenvolvido partindo-se da Matriz de Interação de Leopold e da Matriz de Risco, na qual identificou-se os efeitos poluidores (críticos, significativos, reduzidos e marginais) das etapas deste processo produtivo. A validação destes resultados foi obtida pela realização de ensaios analíticos nas matérias-primas utilizadas e nos resíduos gerados no processo produtivo. Os resultados das análises químicas reforçam que a toxicidade positiva nos efluentes líquidos está relacionada com a composição química dos insumos utilizados na decoração. Os resíduos sólidos que mais comprometem o meio ambiente são aqueles provenientes dos setores de preparação e aplicação de tintas e vidrados. Também realizou-se um estudo de caracterização das matérias-primas naturais e no produto, utilizando as técnicas de fluorescência de raio X, análise termodiferencial e termogravimétrica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e difração de raio X, buscando compreender as interações dos componentes da massa do corpo cerâmico, durante a etapa de queima, e sua influência na qualidade do produto final. Essas informações são úteis, tanto do ponto de vista da caracterização cristaloquímica das matérias-primas que compõem o corpo cerâmico, identificando sua evolução quando submetidos a processos de queima, quanto do ponto de vista ambiental, servindo de base para estudos futuros que promovam o estabelecimento de especificações de controle de massa, e melhor aproveitamento dos recursos minerais, evitando eventuais desperdícios durante o processo. Com a consolidação de todos os dados foi possível indicar, em cada etapa do processo produtivo, as não conformidades existentes com relação às especificações legais, bem como sugestões para sua adequação ambiental. / Present study developed a simplified methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of the wet process of production of ceramic tiles. In order to subsidize the development of the model of environmental evaluation and to achieve a better understanding of the productive process, there were elaborated matrixes in which was correlated the stages of the productive system with the respective types and volumes of residues generated. To these matrixes there were related the technical norms of the Brazilian Association of Norms and Techniques (ABNT), which determines the sampling methodologies, characterizations, monitoring and treatment of the solid residues and liquid and gaseous effluents; and the pertinent Federal and State Legislations which dispose on the control of the environmental pollution. The evaluation of the environmental impact model here proposed was developed from the Interaction Matrix of Leopold and from the Risk Matrix proposed by Moura, in which identified the pollutant effects (critical, significant, reduced, marginal) of the stages of this productive process. The validation of these results was obtained through the accomplishment of analytic assays in the used raw materials and in the residues generated in the productive process. The results of the chemical analyses reinforce that the positive toxicity in the liquid effluent is related with the chemical composition of the synthetic raw material used in the decoration. It was concluded that the solid residues that more damage cause to the environment are those coming from the enamel and dying preparation and application sections. Concomitantly, it was performed a study of characterization of the natural raw materials and of the product, using different techniques as fluorescence X ray, differential thermal analysis with thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction, in order to understand the interactions of the components of the mass of the ceramic body, during the stage of burning and its influence in the quality of the final product. Also, under the environmental point of view, the set of information may be used as base for future works to define technical specifications of mass control, subsidizing orientations for a better use of the mineral resources avoiding eventual wastes during the process. With the consolidation of all data it was possible to indicate, in each stage of the productive process, the existent non-conformities, as well as suggestions for its environmental adaptation.

O presente estudo descritivo-comparativo refere-se à tradução juramentada de documentos realizada no par de línguas português e italiano. Sendo o ato tradutório um processo complexo, implica em várias etapas a serem cumpridas, desde o recebimento da informação transmitida pela língua de partida, a análise imediata do tradutor de seu conteúdo e objetivo, a pesquisa terminológica a ser realizada nesse documento para a certificação da equivalência/correspondência em realidades situacionais jurídicas e administrativas diferentes e as decisões que ele deve tomar para preencher as lacunas linguísticas provenientes dessa diversidade. Para a realização do seu trabalho, o tradutor juramentado conta com um prazo pré-estabelecido, além de um escasso material lexicográfico bilíngue de apoio. Na maioria das vezes, suas decisões sobre esse árduo percurso são imediatas, pontuais e solitárias. Assim, objetiva-se com este estudo fundamentar a sua prática tradutória em uma teoria dos estudos da tradução, para justificar tais decisões. Ao longo deste trabalho, foram apresentados diversos tipos de documentos que são utilizados na prática de atos civis das pessoas e que, ao transpor continentes, são mediados pelo tradutor juramentado, quando a comprovação de seu teor deve ser atestada e traduzida/vertida, para cumprir determinado objetivo em países estrangeiros que se comunicam. Esses documentos são de valor incontestável desde épocas remotas até os dias atuais. Isso será brevemente relatado no surgimento dos cartórios, que objetivavam o registro dos atos civis dos habitantes de uma comunidade, na criação das Juntas Comerciais, que sempre visaram à fiscalização e ao registro da vida comercial das sociedades, até nossos dias, em que são utilizados para formalizar transações intercontinentais. No discorrer da pesquisa, foi dado um pequeno enfoque para a importância do verbo em contextos jurídicos, estudo este fundamentado na teoria dos Atos de Fala. Visto que o tradutor juramentado é investido de poder para o ofício que executa ao certificar suas traduções, a referida Teoria é relevante ao ser também comprovada na pratica do ato tradutório. A análise comparativa terminológica principal deste estudo foi realizada tomando-se como base dois documentos transcritos no par de línguas português e italiano: o TERMO DE AUDIÊNCIA EM AÇÃO DE DIVÓRCIO DIRETO CONSENSUAL e VERBALE DI COMPARIZIONE DEI CONIUGI ALL´UDIENZA CAMERALE DI DIVORZIO CONGIUNTO. Nela, procurando-se estabelecer o grau de equivalência/correspondência nas línguas português e italiano e a comprovação de semelhanças no uso de sintagmas verbais encontrados no corpo dos dois documentos, constatou-se a existência terminológica total em alguns segmentos e parcial em outros. Fundamentar a prática tradutória em uma teoria da tradução foi de imensa importância para a conclusão deste trabalho, não só pela justificativa das decisões pessoais tomadas pelo tradutor juramentado no processo tradutório, mas pela comprovação teórica desses atos, obtida através dos estudos incansáveis realizados por esses pesquisadores da língua. / This comparative-descriptive study refers to the certified translation of documents held in the pair of Portuguese and Italian languages. Being the Translational Act a complex process, it involves several steps to be complied, since the receiving of the information supplied by the source language, the immediate analysis of the translator of its content and purpose, the terminological research to be held in this document to the certification of the equivalence/correspondence in different legal and administrative situational realities and the decisions he must take in order to fill the linguistic gaps from this diversity. For the completion of a work, the certified translator has a pre-established deadline, and a scarce bilingual lexicographic support material. Most of the time, their decisions on this arduous journey are immediate, timely and lonely. Thus, the objective of this study is to substantiate its translation practice on a theory of translation studies, to justify such decisions. Throughout this work, various types of documents that are used in the practice of civil acts of people and that, when transposing continents, are mediated by a certified translator, when the evidence of its content must be certified and translated to fulfill a particular purpose in foreign countries which communicate to each other, were presented. These documents are of incontestable value since ancient times to the present day. This will be briefly reported in the emergence of registry offices, which aimed the registration of civil acts of the inhabitants of a community, from the creation of Trade Boards, which have always aimed at the supervision and registration of the commercial life of society, to this day, when they are used to formalize intercontinental transactions. In the discourse of the research, it has been given a small focus to the importance of the verb used in legal contexts, being this study based on the Theory of Speech Acts. Since the certified translator is vested with power to the work that he performs when certifying the translations, the referred Theory is also relevant when proven in the practice of the translation act. The main terminological comparative analysis of this study was performed taking base on two documents transcribed in the pair of the Portuguese and Italian languages: TERM OF HEARING IN DIRECT CONSENSUS DIVORCE ACTION and VERBALE DI COMPARIZIONE DEI CONIUGI ALL\'UDIENZA CAMERALE DI DIVORZIO CONGIUNTO. In it, seeking to establish the degree of equivalence / correspondence in the Portuguese and Italian languages and the evidence of similarities in the use of verb phrases found in the body of the two documents, there was total terminological existence in some segments and partial in others. Substantiating the translation practice in a theory of translation was of immense importance to the completion of this work, not only by the background of the personal decisions made by the certified translator in the Translational process, but by the theoretical evidence of these acts, obtained through the tireless studies carried out by these researchers of the language.

Suite aux réformes des marchés électriques, la question du market design, c’est-à-dire l’étude des nouveaux marchés destinés à remplacer l’ancien monopole, est devenue centrale dans la littérature économique. Toutefois, les caractéristiques techniques de l’électricité rendent cette tâche complexe et l’intervention des pouvoirs publics est souvent nécessaire pour établir les règles du jeu efficaces que les acteurs de marché devront suivre. Cela explique pourquoi le market design demeure un sujet d’actualité. Cette thèse contribue aux discussions actuelles en étudiant plusieurs architectures de marché à mettre en place afin d’assurer la fiabilité du système électrique de la façon la plus efficace.La fiabilité est d’abord étudiée sous sa dimension de court terme, appelée sûreté. Pour garantir un équilibre en temps réel, l’opérateur du système doit s’assurer de disposer d’un niveau suffisant de réserves: c’est l’objectif du modèle de sûreté. Dans cette thèse, les impacts économiques induits par un changement de modèle de sureté pour le système électrique français sont évalués. Une modélisation de type Agent-Based est développée pour simuler les décisions des acteurs sur plusieurs marchés de court terme. Les résultats montrent que le modèle de sureté français actuel conduit à des coûts inférieurs à ceux du modèle alternatif mis en œuvre dans d’autres pays européens. Le maintien du modèle actuel en France apparait donc justifié.La dimension long terme de la fiabilité, à savoir l’adéquation, est ensuite étudiée. Les performances économiques d’un marché de capacité et d’un mécanisme de réserve stratégique, deux solutions conçues pour résoudre le problème d’adéquation, sont comparées. Afin de considérer la nature cyclique des investissements, ces mécanismes sont étudiés d’un point de vue dynamique par l’intermédiaire d’une modélisation de type System Dynamics. Celle-ci simule les décisions d'investissements et de fermetures prises par les acteurs de marché, en considérant leurs comportements imparfaits. Les principaux résultats montrent que le marché de capacité résout la question de l'adéquation à un coût moindre. / Following power market reforms, market design, i.e. the study of new markets to replace efficiently the previous monopoly, becomes central in the economic literature. However, due to several technical characteristics of electricity, this task is complex. A third party is then required to help design these markets in an efficient way and to set the rules under which private decentralized market players will interact. This complexity explains why market design remains a work in progress. This thesis contributes to the current discussions by giving insights on the most efficient market designs to implement to ensure the reliability of power systems.A first focus is made on the short-term dimension of reliability, i.e. the security of power systems. To maintain a balanced system, the system operator has to ensure the availability of a sufficient level of reserves in real time: this is the aim of the security model. In this thesis, a quantitative assessment of the economic impacts that a transition to a different security model would have for the French power system is carried out. An agent-based modelling is developed to simulate the decisions of profit-maximizing players on several short-term markets. Simulations show that the current French security model results in lower costs than the alternative one implemented in several European countries, and should therefore be maintained for the French power system.A second focus is made on the long-term dimension of reliability, i.e. the adequacy. The economic performances of a capacity market and a strategic reserve mechanism, two mechanisms designed to solve the adequacy issue, are compared. In order to capture the cyclical nature of investments, these mechanisms are studied from a dynamic point of view. To this end, a long-term model is developed based on a System Dynamics approach. It simulates the investment and shutdown decisions made by market players considering their imperfect behaviours. Main results show that the capacity market solves the adequacy issue at a lower cost than the strategic reserve mechanism.

No description available.

Large interruptions of power supply in the transmission system have considerable impact on modern society. The goal for the transmission system operator (TSO) is to prevent and mitigate such events with optimal decisions in design, planning, operation and maintenance. Identifying critical power components for system reliability provides one important input to this decision-making. This thesis develops quantitative component reliability importance indices applicable for identifying critical components in real transmission systems. Probabilistic models with component failure statistics are combined with detailed power system models evaluated with the AC power flow technique. In the presented method each system component is assigned three importance indices based on outage events expected probability and consequence to (i) reduced system security margin, (ii) interrupted load supply and (iii) disconnected generation units. By ranking components by each of the three interests, a more complete view of the risks to system reliability can be assessed than if, as traditionally, only (ii) is modelled. The impact on security margin is studied in well established critical transfer sections (CTS) supervised by the TSO. TSOs set the CTSs limits [MW] based on deterministic security criteria, with regard to thermal, voltage level, and system stability limits, and the CTSs' condition at post-contingency state is in the method used as an indicator of the system security margin. The methodology is extended with three indices modified to quantify the component importance for common-cause events initiated by acts of sabotage. The developed methods are applied on a significant part of the Great Britain transmission system, modelling 7000 components and 107 substation layouts. The study includes several load demand scenarios, 200 million initiating outage events and non-functioning protection equipment. The resulting component ranking provides an important input to the TSO's decision-making, and could be implemented as a complement to the existing deterministic N-1 criterion. With the methods applied a TSO can perform further and more detailed assessments on a few critical components in order to enhance system reliability for equipment failures and strengthen the system vulnerability against sabotage. / QC 20110920

<p>This secondary analysis aimed to develop dietary scores to assess the dietary intake of pregnant women in the West Coast/ Winelands region and determine the association with LBW. Further to determine the association between the dietary scores and maternal socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics and maternal smoking and/or alcohol consumption during pregnancy.</p>

No description available.

This research paper focuses on whether Taiwan's 13 financial holding companies (excluding Waterland Financial Holdings) belongs to the bank's capital management efficiency, using a narrow definition of capital. First, do a preliminary analysis of the capital of the banks first, second, and three types of capital. Secondly, the use of supplementary items in the balance sheet, profit and loss account and balance-sheet and some of the information into the banking book assets and liabilities of the banking book and trading book assets, trading book liabilities, risk assets and market value-added and other programs in order to do all kinds of bank trend analysis of assets and liabilities and capital management. Finally, I would investigate whether the high capital adequacy ratio that their performance is better? The provisions of the Basel ¢º want to improve the bank's risk management capability, however, and set out the statutory capital requirements of the Bank help to keep the emphasis on risk management?

The identification of personality adequacy includes complete research of a person. There are various psycho diagnostic testing methods for such researches. The most testing methods are being created abroad, therefore it takes a lot of time to evaluate the results and to adapt them to the Lithuanians situation. This means that the psychologist have to make a lot of tests of different patient’s groups as well. At the moment, there is no program in Lithuania, which would be helpful by creating computerized version of tests and able to collect all data related to the patient and to the process of theinvestigation. Such program would be able to computerize confidential methods as well. All data related to the patient and the method of research, has to be protected. The information system of personality adequacy identification gives a possibility for the psychologists to register the investigative persons and the process of this investigation. It also helps to create textual and visual tests, to test the investigative persons, to accumulate the diagnosis and the experience of the applied methodic. The created system of programs helps the psychologists to work more efficiently and to generalize the date of Lithuanian’s patients groups as well. This program is going to ensure the required grade of confidentially and security of tests data.