Justificativa: Doses inadequadas de diálise estão associadas a maior morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com uremia terminal em tratamento hemodialítico. Atualmente os métodos mais utilizados para medir a adequação da hemodiálise baseiam-se no cálculo da depuração fracional de uréia (Kt/V) e da taxa de redução da uréia (URR). Nesse estudo avaliou-se a reprodutibilidade do Kt/V e da URR e analisou-se o número aceitável de medidas mensais destes parâmetros para determinar de forma fidedigna a adequação da hemodiálise. Métodos: Avaliamos 43 pacientes clinicamente estáveis, em cinco sessões de hemodiálise (sessões 1 a 5), durante três semanas. Três diálises consecutivas na primeira semana (sessões 1, 2, 3) e duas sessões de meio de semana, nas duas semanas subseqüentes (sessões 4 e 5). Resultados: Não houve diferença entre a média dos Kt/Vs obtidos em diálises seqüenciais (1, 2 e 3) comparada a média dos Kt/Vs obtidos em diálises no meio da semana (2, 4 e 5). O mesmo aconteceu com a URR e com os coeficientes de variação do Kt/V e da URR. Também não encontramos diferença entre uma medida mensal (Kt/V 2) e três medidas mensais (média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5). O mesmo ocorreu com a URR. A diferença entre o Kt/V 2 e a média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5 foi de – 0,02 unidades e entre a URR 2 em relação a média das URRs 2, 4 e 5 foi de – 0,5%. Além disso, se fizermos apenas uma medida mensal (Kt/V 2) 80% dos pacientes estarão a uma distância de no máximo 0,16 unidades abaixo da média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5 e no máximo 0,12 unidades acima. Em relação a URR 80% dos pacientes estarão a uma distância de no máximo 4,37% abaixo da média das URRs 2, 4 e 5 e no máximo 3,37% acima. O grau de concordância entre o Kt/V 2 e a média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5 é bom para pontos de corte do Kt/V igual ou superior a 1,3. No caso da URR a concordância é boa para pontos de corte acima de 65%. Conclusão: Concluímos que nesta população de pacientes clinicamente estáveis os parâmetros de adequação da hemodiálise mostraram-se reprodutíveis não havendo necessidade de aumentar o número de medidas mensais da quantidade de diálise ofertada. / Background: Inadequate doses of dialysis are associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Most methods aimed at measuring dialysis adequacy use the calculation of fractional clearance of urea (Kt/V) and urea reduction ratio (URR). This study evaluates the reproducibility of Kt/V and URR and analyzes the acceptable number of monthly measurements of these parameters to determine hemodialysis adequacy. Methods: We evaluated 43 clinically stable patients in five hemodialysis sessions (1 to 5) along three weeks. Three consecutive sessions were carried out in the first week (1, 2, 3), while the two other studied sessions were carried out in the middle of the week at weekly intervals (4, 5). Results: There was no difference between mean Kt/V in sessions 1, 2, and 3 and in sessions 2, 4, and 5. The same was observed for URR and the coefficients of variation for Kt/V and URR. Either differences were found between one monthly measurement (2) or three monthly measurements (mean of 2, 4, and 5) for Kt/V and URR. The difference between Kt/V 2 and the arithmetic mean of Kt/Vs 2, 4, and 5 was – 0.02 units, and between URR 2 and the mean of URRs 2, 4, and 5 was – 0.5%. When only one monthly measurement (Kt/V 2) was considered, 80% of the patients presented ≤0.16 unit below or ≤0.12 above the mean of Kt/Vs 2, 4, and 5. For URR, 80% of patients presented ≤4.73% below or ≤3.37% above the arithmetic mean of URRs 2, 4, and 5. The degree of agreement between Kt/V 2 and the mean of Kt/Vs 2, 4 and 5 is good for Kt/Vs of 1.3 or higher. URR agreements are good for URR of 65% or higher. Conclusion: In this population, hemodialysis adequacy parameters were reproducible, and an increase in the number of monthly measurements seems not to be necessary.

Orientadores: Jaime Amaya-Farfan, Lucia Helena Simões da Costa Paiva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T20:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cuneo_Florencia_D.pdf: 1042044 bytes, checksum: 191aa9c61592ed944d96d92c55608262 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar em mulheres o potencial terapêutico do hidrolisado de colágeno, como suplemento alimentar, no tratamento da baixa densidade mineral óssea e as características nutricionais e dietéticas de mulheres na pós- menopausa. Métodos: Realizou-se um ensaio clínico do tipo duplo cego, aleatorizado, com mulheres na pós-menopausa, que apresentaram baixa densidade mineral óssea na coluna lombar diagnosticada por DEXA atendidas no Ambulatório de Menopausa do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. As mulheres recrutadas incluíram na alimentação hidrolisado de colágeno (10 g/dia) ou placebo por um período de 24 semanas. Foram determinados ao início do ensaio: cálcio, fósforo, fosfatase alcalina, creatinina plasmática, calciúria de 24 horas e o marcador de reabsorção óssea, telopeptídeo-carboxilo terminal plasmático do colágeno tipo I (CTX), e os marcadores de formação óssea, osteocalcina e fosfatase alcalina óssea no início, e após 12 e 24 semanas de tratamento. O consumo de energia e nutrientes essenciais foi estimado com Recordatório de 24h e Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar usando a Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO), como referência. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente no programa SAS, através de análise de variância multivariada para medidas repetidas MANOVA e foram determinadas as correlações entre diferentes variáveis do estudo clínico (índice de correlação de Pearson), adotando-se o nível de significância estatística de 5%. Resultados: Um total de 71 mulheres com 57,3 ± 4,8 anos concluiu o estudo, 35 receberam placebo e 36 hidrolisado de colágeno. O índice de massa corporal das mulheres foi 27,4 ± 4,5 kg/m2. Encontrou-se 42% das mulheres estudadas com sobrepeso e 26% com obesidade. Com relação aos macronutrientes, 38% das mulheres consumiam lipídeos em excesso. O consumo diário de colesterol foi de 222 ± 98 mg, 22% das mulheres consumiu excessiva gordura saturada. De modo geral, a porcentagem de mulheres que apresentou inadequação no consumo de minerais e vitaminas. Em 94% das mulheres o consumo de cálcio (654±358 g/dia) foi inferior à ingestão adequada para a faixa etária. Não foram encontradas correlações entre a idade, variáveis dietéticas e ósseas estudadas e os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo. Os resultados dos marcadores, tanto de formação como de reabsorção óssea, não foram diferentes entre ambos os tratamentos. Das mulheres que sofriam de dores articulares ou ósseas um 34% relataram o desaparecimento da dor durante ou até a finalização do tratamento. Conclusões: Este estudo não mostrou nenhum efeito do HC sobre o metabolismo ósseo medido através de marcadores bioquímicos. O HC mostrou efeitos analgésicos para dores ósseo-articulares nas mulheres tratadas. A maioria das mulheres estava com excesso de peso relatou uma ingestão inadequada de cálcio / Abstract: Objectives: Evaluate the potential effect of hydrolyzed collagen, as a dietetic supplement, in the treatment of osteopenic postmenopausal women and to study of the anthropometric and food intake characteristics of the group. Methods: a randomized double-blind clinical assay with osteopenic postmenopausal women, was planned. The volunteers ingested 10 g/day of hydrolyzed collagen or a placebo for a period of 24 weeks. Calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, 24h urinary calcium, the bone resorption marker carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX) and the bone formation markers (osteocalcine and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) were determined at the beginning and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. The intakes of nutrients and energy were estimated using the 24h record and a food frequency questionnaire using the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TACO) as reference. Results were analyzed using the SAS (MANOVA) and the Pearson¿s correlations were determined between variables, adopting 5% as a level of significance. Results: The sample was constituted of 35 placebo and 36 treated subjects (mean age 57.3 ± 4.8 years and BMI of 27,4 ± 4,5 kg/m2). Of those subjects belonging to the treated group that complained from articular or bone pains, 34% reported the cessation of the symptom by the end of the study. The analysis of variance revealed no significant effect of the dietary supplement on bone metabolism. No Pearson¿s correlations were found between the set of variables (age, nutrient intake, BMI, mineral density) and markers of bone metabolism, at either one of the times. Forty-two percent of the patients were overweight and 26% obese. Excess of lipids in the diet was observed in 38% of the women and 22% exceeded the recommendations for saturated fat. Cholesterol uptake was 222 ± 98 mg. The mean intake of calcium was 654 ± 358 g/day and 94% failed to reach the adequacy intake. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this intervention consumption of the hydrolyzed collagen did not produce any observable effects in bone metabolism as measured by currently accepted markers of bone resorption or formation. Most of the patients exhibited inadequacy in calcium intake as well as excessive body weight / Doutorado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T17:35:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 humberlandiamoreirabezerragrangeiro.pdf: 980942 bytes, checksum: 7c76a87ee6699abeb3b2c456889fdef9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T14:32:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 humberlandiamoreirabezerragrangeiro.pdf: 980942 bytes, checksum: 7c76a87ee6699abeb3b2c456889fdef9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T14:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 humberlandiamoreirabezerragrangeiro.pdf: 980942 bytes, checksum: 7c76a87ee6699abeb3b2c456889fdef9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-20 / A presente dissertação é fruto de pesquisa realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de egressos sobre a adequabilidade de cursos ofertados no ensino médio integrado à educação profissional. Relatos sobre possível falta de adequabilidade de cursos nas Escolas Estaduais de Educação Profissional (EEEP) de Fortaleza/Ceará deram origem a seguinte questão de pesquisa: qual a percepção de egressos sobre a adequabilidade dos cursos técnicos de nível médio ofertados na escola? Mediante uma pesquisa qualitativa, na forma de um estudo de caso, o trabalho foi embasado pelo referencial teórico que trata da gestão escolar, do desempenho pedagógico e das relações entre ensino médio e trabalho, a saber: Heloísa Lück (2009), Haguette (2015), Gaudêncio Frigotto (2004), Maria Ciavatta (2004), Eliezer Pacheco (2012), dentre outros. Assim, foi realizado um estudo a partir de análise de documentos, entrevistas com professores orientadores da disciplina Estágio Supervisionado e questionários respondidos por 94 dos 170 alunos que concluíram os cursos técnicos de nível médio em Secretariado e Informática, entre 2012 e 2014. Os resultados mostraram a necessidade de duas ações de intervenção - a criação de um programa de divulgação dos cursos ofertados da escola para alunos concludentes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental e acompanhamento de egressos – com vistas a contribuir para o atendimento das necessidades dos sujeitos envolvidos - e um projeto de avaliação dos cursos ofertados, com maior articulação com as políticas setoriais e estruturantes de trabalho e renda, objetivando elevar a qualidade do ensino, sem perder a ênfase na formação integral do cidadão. / This dissertation is the result of research conducted in the Professional Graduate Program in Management and Public Education Evaluation of the Center for Public Policy and Evaluation of Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora. It aims to analyze the perception of graduates on the suitability of courses offered in high school integrated vocational education. Reports of possible lack of suitability of courses in one of the Professional Education State Schools (EEEP) from Fortaleza / Ceará gave rise to the following research question: what is the perception of graduates on the suitability of mid-level technical courses offered in school? Through a qualitative research in the form of a case study, the work was based on the theoretical framework that deals with the school management, teaching performance and the relationship between high school and work, namely: Heloísa Lück (2009), Haguette (2015), Gaudencio Frigotto (2004), Maria Ciavatta (2004), Eliezer Pacheco (2012), among others. Thus, a study was conducted from analysis of documents, interviews with teachers guiding the Supervised Internship discipline and questionnaires answered by 94 of the 170 students who completed the technical courses average level in the Secretariat and Information Technology between 2012 and 2014. The results They showed the need for two intervention actions - the establishment of an outreach program of courses offered from school conclusive 9th graders of elementary education and monitoring of graduates - in order to contribute to meeting the needs of those involved - and evaluation project of the courses offered, with greater coordination with sectoral and structural policies of employment and income, aiming to raise the quality of education without losing emphasis in the integral formation of citizens.

This master thesis deals with the issue of using rating in the context of determining capital requirements. The focus is on using the Standardised Approach and the Internal Rating-Based Approach to calculate credit risk capital requirements. Different approaches to managing the risk and evaluating the capital adequacy. Criticism of rating agencies as well as the complexity of Internal Rating-Based Approach is taken into account. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the issue of responsibility of external rating agencies for their evaluations, and together with the issue of lacking competition. Various alternatives to external rating are discussed. The internal rating process is discussed in more detail along with the factors which affect rating evaluations of exposures to various entities. Subsequently, the thesis focuses on determining the rate of provision for impairment expected losses on receivables, and a possible impact of accepting IFRS 9 on capital adequacy.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / This secondary analysis aimed to develop dietary scores to assess the dietary intake of pregnant women in the West Coast/ Winelands region and determine the association with LBW. Further to determine the association between the dietary scores and maternal socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics and maternal smoking and/or alcohol consumption during pregnancy. / South Africa

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / In this thesis we study a range of related commercial banking problems in discrete and continuous time settings. The first problem is about a capital allocation strategy that optimizes the expected future value of a commercial bank’s total non-risk-weighted assets (TNRWAs) in terms of terminal time utility maximization. This entails finding optimal amounts of Total capital for investment in different bank assets. Based on the optimal capital allocation strategy derived for the first problem, we derive stochastic models for respectively the bank’s capital adequacy and liquidity ratios in the second and third problems. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) introduced these ratios in an attempt to improve the regulation of the international banking industry in terms of capital adequacy and liquidity management. As a fourth problem we derive a multi-period deposit insurance pricing model which incorporates the optimal capital allocation strategy, the BCBS’ latest capital standard, capital forbearance and moral hazard. In the fifth and final problem we show how the values of LIBOR-in-arrears and vanilla interest rate swaps, typically used by commercial banks and other financial institutions to reduce risk, can be derived under a specialized version of the affine interest rate model originally considered by the bank in question. More specifically, in the first problem we assume that the bank invests its Total capital in a stochastic interest rate financial market consisting of three assets, viz., a treasury security, a marketable security and a loan. We assume that the interest rate in the market is described by an affine model, and that the value of the loan follows a jump-diffusion process. We wish to find the optimal capital allocation strategy that maximizes an expected logarithmic utility of the bank’s TNRWAs at a future date. Generally, analytical solutions to stochastic optimal control problems in the jump setting are very difficult to obtain. We propose an approximation method that exploits a similarity between the forms of the control problems of the jump-diffusion model and the diffusion model obtained by removing the jump. With the jump assumed sufficiently small, the analytical solution of the diffusion model then serves as a proxy to the solution of the control problem with the jump. In the second problem we construct models for the bank’s capital adequacy ratios in terms of the proxy. We present numerical simulations to characterize the behaviour of the capital adequacy ratios. Furthermore, in this chapter, we consider the approximate optimal capital allocation strategy subject to a constant Leverage Ratio, which is a specific non-risk-based capital adequacy ratio, at the minimum prescribed level. We derive a formula for the bank’s TNRWAs at constant (minimum) Leverage Ratio value and present numerical simulations based on the modified TNRWAs formula. In the third problem we model the bank’s liquidity ratios and we monitor the levels of the liquidity ratios under the proxy numerically. In the fourth problem we derive a multi-period deposit insurance pricing model, the latest capital standard a la Basel III, capital forbearance and moral hazard behaviour. The deposit insurance pricing method utilizes an asset value reset rule comparable to the typical practice of insolvency resolution by insuring agencies. We perform numerical computations with our model to study its implications. In the final problem, we specialize the affine interest rate model considered previously to the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate dynamic. We consider fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps under the CIR model. We show how analytical expressions for the values of both a LIBOR-in-arrears swap and a vanilla swap can be derived using a Green’s function approach. We employ Monte Carlo simulation methods to compute the values of the swaps for different scenarios. We wish to make explicit the contributions of this project to the literature. A research article titled “An Optimal Portfolio and Capital Management Strategy for Basel III Compliant Commercial Banks” by Grant E. Muller and Peter J. Witbooi [1] has been published in an accredited scientific journal. In the aforementioned paper we solve an optimal capital allocation problem for diffusion banking models. We propose using the solution of the Brownian motions control problem of [1] as the proxy in problems two to four of this thesis. Furthermore, we wish to note that the methodology employed on the final problem of this study is actually from the paper [2] of Mallier and Alobaidi. In the paper [2] the authors did not present simulation studies to characterize their pricing models. We contribute a simulation study in which the values of the swaps are computed via Monte Carlo simulation methods.

I ett försök att förhindra framtida bankkriser och göra banker stabilare mot svängningar i ekonomin upprättade Baselkommittén 1993 ett regelverk som kom att benämnas Basel-1. Bankerna skulle bli stabilare genom att stärka kapitaltäckningsreglerna. Dessa regler lyckades inte uppnå sitt syfte och regelverket ansågs otillräckligt. Nya regler utformades och Baselkommittén arbetade fram ett åtstramat regelverk, Basel-2. Den finansiella krisen 2008 visade dock att även Basel-2 regelverket var otillräckligt. Med anledning av detta så har nu Baselkommittén arbetat fram, nya, mer åtstramade regler med högre kapitalkrav för banker som kommer att införas med start 2013 och som kallas Basel-3. För att få en förståelse för hur Basel-3 kan komma att påverka bankerna och några av dess intressenter har två problemformuleringar tagits fram. Hur tror bankkontorschefer att banker kommer att påverkas av det nya regelverket Basel-3? Hur tror bankkontorschefer att deras kunder kommer att påverkas av det nya regelverket Basel-3? Studien har avgränsat sig till banker på Gotland och intervjuer är gjorda med kontorschefer på Handelsbanken, Nordea och Swedbank. Detta för att få svar på hur de tror att regelverket kan komma att påverka bankerna och deras kunder. Vi har använt oss av noggrant utvalda frågor och skapat ett frågeformulär som besvarats av respondenterna. I teoridelen presenteras intressentmodellen för att få en ökad förståelse för vilka intressenter som kan beröras av en organisations förändringar. Den intressent vi tittar närmare på är framförallt bankens kunder. Teori om Baselregelverken baseras i huvudsak på rapporter och artiklar från Sveriges Riksbank, Finansinspektionen och Basels respektive hemsidor. Undersökningen visar att regelverket Basel-3 kommer påverka bankerna och deras kunder på flera sätt. De högre kapitalkraven samt de nya likviditetsreglerna innebär att bankerna måste skaffa mer kvalitativt kapital för att kunna stå emot negativa förändringar i ekonomin. Detta kräver att bankerna måste förändra sina risksystem vilket leder till höga kostnader. Respondenterna tror att dessa kostnader framförallt kommer att läggas på kunderna genom högre räntor. De tror även att regelverket Basel- 3 kommer att påverka de mindre bra kunderna genom att det blir svårare för dessa att få lån. / To prevent the emergence of bank crises and to help banks resist turbulent economy, the Basel Committee created a regulation framework. This framework was introduced in 1993 and was called Basel-1. During the years this framework has been changed to suite new situations. The latest change was done after the financial crises in 2008 and is going to be implemented in 2013. This, latest edition is called Basel-3 and includes among other things a strong capital requirement. Before the implementation of Basel-3 many questions has come to light. To answer some of these, two problem formulations have been created in this thesis. How do the bank office managers think that they will be affected by the new regulations of Basel-3? How do the bank office managers think that their customers will be affected by the new regulations of Basel-3? To seek the answers to these questions, three bank directors have answered quite many questions in interviews and by e-mail. These answers have been formed and put together to get an idea of what they think will happen when the new regulations of Basel-3 will be implemented. When analyzing these answers the authors have found out that both the banks and their customers probably and already have been affected by these new regulations in quite many ways.

The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of Dexia bank Slovakia during the years 2000 and 2011. It Gradually analyses the balance sheet, income statement and chosen indicators of financial analysis: indebtedness, profitability, liquidity, productivity, capital adequacy and capital market indicators, which are accompanied by the course of share prices and rating of the bank. Within every indicator is discussed their change in time, impact of financial crisis and changes caused by the entry of a new majority shareholder of the bank in 2011.

Esta dissertação trata da internacionalização e necessidade de adequação dos sistemas de Seguridade Social ao atual cenário de circulação de mão-de-obra decorrente, principalmente, da globalização econômica e da formação dos blocos regionais. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado ao surgimento e evolução dos sistemas de Seguridade Social de acordo com o desenvolvimento dos Estados e aparecimento dos riscos sociais. A segunda parte dedica-se à análise de alsguns aspectos da globalização, bem como a relação estabelecida com a manutenção da soberania dos Estados, as perspectivas a partir da União Europeia e do Mercosul e, bem assim, os reflexos na Seguridade Social e os instrumentos utilizados para adequação dos sistemas, em busca da manutenção dos direitos sociais. Em seguida, são analisadas as diretrizes internacionais das Convenções nºs 102 e 118 da OIT sobre Seguridade Social, bem como os sistemas internacionais atualmente vigentes nos principais blocos regionais, quais sejam, a União Europeia e o Mercosul. Finalmente, será estudado cada um dos acordos internacionais dos quais o Brasil é parte, com o objetivo de demonstrar a cobertura de proteção que um cidadão brasileiro ou natural de algum dos países envolvidos poderá usufruir. Em caráter complementar, será analisada a Convenção Ibero-americana de Seguridade Social que, apesar de já ratificada pelo Brasil, ainda não entrou em vigor, vez que não atingido o número mínimo de ratificações. / The present dissertation addresses the internationalization and the need to adequate Social Security systems to the current scenario of movement of labor, mainly due to the economic globalization and the formation of regional trade blocs. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the emergence and evolution of Social Security systems according to the development of the National States and the emergence of social risks. The second part of the paper analyzes issues related to the globalization, the relationship established with the maintenance of sovereignty of the States, the perspectives from the European Union and from the Mercosur, as well as its reflections in the Social Security and the instruments used to adequate the systems, in pursue to maintaining social rights. Subsequently, the international guidelines of ILO Conventions No 102 and 118 about Social Security, as well as the international systems currently in force in the main regional blocs, namely European Union and Mercosur, will be assessed. Finally, each of the agreements signed by Brazil will be studied, aiming to demonstrate the protection coverage, of which a Brazilian citizen or a citizen of one of the countries in plot can make use. Additionally, we will analyze the Iberoamerican Convention of Social Security that, despite already ratified by Brazil, is still not in force as the minimum number of ratifications has not been achieved yet.

This study is the result of an evaluation conducted at the Sam Houston Secondary School library in Corsicana, Texas to determine if the needs of students were being met.