Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:55:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WanderdeAndradeSilva-Dissertacao.pdf: 229363 bytes, checksum: ff804114a6e8a774a541e30a6eb5f373 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-04 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of the additives NaCl and CaO on the bromatologic characteristics, aerobic stability and consumption of sugarcane silages by sheep. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Science, José do Rosário Vellano University. The sugarcane was disintegrated into 2-3 cm particles. The additives were applied manually before filling the silos, and mixed with chopped sugarcane in heavy plastic sheeting, seeking intense uniformity, in accordance with each treatment. Mixtures of NaCl and CaO with sugarcane were made at the following proportions of raw natural forage: control, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of salt and 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of lime. As for bromatologic characteristics, the material was ensiled in experimental silos with a 4 Kg capacity. The completely randomized design was adopted, with 7 treatments and 4 replications per treatment, totaling 28 experimental plots. For variables aerobic stability and consumption, plastic drum silos with a 130 Kg capacity were used. The aerobic stability was assessed by the completely randomized design with four replications, with treatments arranged in split plot in time. The evaluation days were considered sub-parcels in time, with seven silages in the plots, and two times for stability evaluation. For consumption evaluation, 14 sheep were used, housed in individual cages, and the design was the randomized block, with two rounds for the study of the variables, each round consisting of seven treatments and two animals per block, forming a split plot in time, totaling 28 experimental units. The results were analyzed by the statistical program SISVAR ®, where the treatment means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. The silages with CaO presented higher percentages and lower losses of dry matter when compared to those with NaCl. NaCl-treated silages presented higher contents of crude protein than CaO-treated silages. Silages with 0.5% of NaCl (53.28%), 0.5% of CaO (53.50%), and 1.5% of CaO (48.78%) showed the lowest NDF values, being considered ideal for consumption. Aerobic stability was influenced by the treatments: the highest pH values were found in the CaO treatments, and the lowest value for control silage. Consumption by the animals was also influenced by the treatments: the dosages of 0.5% of NaCl and 1.0% of CaO produced higher consumption of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein. The results suggest that, in sugarcane silages, the use of NaCl as additive improves stability and keeps silage preserved for a longer period, and the addition of CaO reduces the loss of gases, and that 0.5% NaCl may be added to sugarcane silages to improve consumption by the animals. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de avaliar as influências dos aditivos NaCl e CaO sobre as características bromatológicas, estabilidade aeróbia e consumo das silagens de cana-de-açúcar por ovinos. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade José do Rosário Vellano. A cana-de-açúcar foi desintegrada em partículas de tamanho entre 2 e 3 cm. Os aditivos foram aplicados manualmente antes do enchimento dos silos, sendo misturados à cana-de-açúcar picada em lonas plásticas buscando intensa uniformidade de acordo com cada tratamento. As misturas de NaCl e CaO com a cana-de-açúcar foram realizadas nas seguintes proporções de matéria natural da forragem: controle, 0,5%, 1,0% e 2,0% de sal e 0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5% de cal. Para as características bromatológicas, o material foi ensilado em silos experimentais, com capacidade para 4 Kg. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo 7 tratamentos e 4 repetições por tratamento, totalizando 28 parcelas experimentais. Para as variáveis estabilidade aeróbia e consumo, utilizaram-se como silos tambores de plásticos com capacidade de 130 Kg. Para a estabilidade aeróbia, foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo, sendo os dias de avaliação considerados como subparcela no tempo, com sete silagens nas parcelas e dois tempos de avaliação da estabilidade. Para a avaliação de consumo foram utilizadas 14 ovelhas, alojadas em gaiolas individuais. O delineamento empregado para analisar o consumo foi o de blocos ao acaso, utilizando-se de duas rodadas para estudo das variáveis analisadas, em que cada rodada constava de sete tratamentos e dois animais por bloco, constituindo um esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, totalizando 28 unidades experimentais. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio do programa estatístico SISVAR®, onde as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas por Scott-knott. As silagens aditivadas com CaO apresentaram maiores porcentagem de matéria seca e menores perdas de matéria seca em relação as aditivadas com NaCl. As silagens com NaCl apresentaram teores de proteína bruta maiores do que as das ensiladas com CaO. As silagens com 0,5% de NaCl (53,28%), 0,5% de CaO (53,50%) e 1,5% de CaO (48,78%) apresentaram os menores valores de FDN, sendo consideradas ideais para o consumo. A estabilidade aeróbia foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, onde os maiores valores de pH foram verificados para os tratamentos com CaO e o menor valor para a silagem controle. O consumo pelos animais também foi influenciado pelos tratamentos, onde nas dosagens com 0,5% de NaCl e 1,0% de CaO ocorreu maior consumo de matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta. Os resultados permitem concluir que o uso de NaCl como aditivo na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar melhora a estabilidade aeróbia e mantém a silagem conservada por um período mais longo; a adição de CaO nas silagens de cana-de-açúcar reduz as perdas de gases, e pode-se adicionar 0,5% de NaCl às silagens de cana-de-açúcar para melhorar o consumo pelos animais.

Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2017-05-15T18:46:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thailson Fernando Faustino Dissertacao.pdf: 714335 bytes, checksum: e9b1bc519ff0d96e7bd8cbe84dfe1746 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T18:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thailson Fernando Faustino Dissertacao.pdf: 714335 bytes, checksum: e9b1bc519ff0d96e7bd8cbe84dfe1746 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional quality of sorghum silage processed and rehydrated with water or whey. The experimental design was a completely randomized 4x2x2 factorial design, with rehydration of the grain in four moisture contents (25, 30, 35 and 40%), rehydration with water or whey and, with or without the addition of bacterial inoculant, totaling 16 treatments with four replicates each. The sorghum grains were ground, rehydrated and conditioned in experimental PVC silos with capacity of 4.5 kg for 90 days, to evaluate the aerobic stability as well as the microbiological and chemical-bromatological characteristics of the silage. The results were submitted to analysis of variance of the statistical program SAS (9.2), and the humidity levels were evaluated by linear and quadratic orthogonal contrasts and, the vehicle of rehydration and inoculant were compared by F test. The use of water compared to the whey in the rehydration decreased the losses by gases, effluents and dry matter of the silages. The increase of moisture in the silages promoted a lower development of fungi and yeasts. The inoculated silages showed higher dry matter contents in relation to the silages without inoculant. The crude protein (CP) concentration in the grain silage of rehydrated sorghum was not altered as a function of the treatments. The addition of inoculant decreases the concentration of acid detergent fiber (ADF), the lowest values being in the silage with 40% moisture with water. Silage rehydrated with whey had higher values of mineral matter, compared to silages rehydrated with water. The use of whey in the rehydration of sorghum grains for silage is a good strategy to avoid its disposal in the environment, and its addition is recommended to the point where the sorghum grain reaches 30% moisture. In addition, it is recommended to use the bacterial inoculant, as it ensures less fermentative loss in the process with greater aerobic stability of the silages. / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a qualidade nutricional da silagem de grão de sorgo processada e reidratada com água ou soro de leite. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4x2x2, sendo a reidratação do grão em quatro teores de umidade (25, 30, 35 e 40%), a reidratação com água ou soro e com ou sem a adição de inoculante bacteriano, totalizando 16 tratamentos com quatro repetições cada. Os grãos de sorgo foram moídos, reidratados e acondicionados em silos experimentais de PVC com capacidade de 4,5 kg por 90 dias, para então, avaliar a estabilidade aeróbia, bem como as características microbiológicas e químico-bromatológicas da silagem. Os resultados foram submetidos à análises de variância do programa estatístico SAS (9.2), sendo que os níveis de umidade foram avaliados por contrastes ortogonais lineares e quadráticos, e o veículo de reidratação e inoculante foram comparados por teste F. O uso de água comparado com o soro na reidratação diminuiu as perdas por gases, efluentes e matéria seca das silagens. O aumento da umidade nas silagens promoveu menor desenvolvimento de fungos e leveduras. As silagens inoculadas apresentaram teores de matéria seca superiores em relação às silagens sem inoculante. A concentração PB na silagem de grão de sorgo reidratado não foi alterada em função dos tratamentos. A adição de inoculante diminui a concentração de FDA, sendo que os valores mais baixos foram na silagem com 40% de umidade com água. As silagens reidratadas com soro de leite apresentaram maiores valores de matéria mineral, comparadas às silagens reidratadas com água. A utilização de soro de leite na reidratação de grãos de sorgo para ensilagem é uma boa estratégia para evitar seu descarte no meio ambiente, sendo recomendada sua adição até o ponto em que o grão de sorgo atinja 30% de umidade. Além disso, recomenda-se a utilização do inoculante bacteriano, por assegurar menor perda fermentativa no processo com maior estabilidade aeróbia das silagens.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-16T21:41:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoel Carneiro de Oliveira Junior.pdf: 2899222 bytes, checksum: 9b2b796a4ed66d8af915bf5458411bad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T21:41:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoel Carneiro de Oliveira Junior.pdf: 2899222 bytes, checksum: 9b2b796a4ed66d8af915bf5458411bad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, in which purinergic signaling has a central role, controlling activation of structural and hematopoietic cells. Aerobic exercise (AE) present anti-inflammatory effects to the airways, but no cellular and molecular mechanisms are known. Thus, this project evaluated the effects of AE on purinergic signaling response in a model of asthma induced by house dust mite (HDM). AE was performed in a treadmill at moderate intensity, 5x/week, during 4 weeks, after 3 weeks of prior HDM administration. HDM (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; 100mg/mouse) was administered 3x/week, during 7 weeks. The results demonstrated that AE reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulation (p<0.001), IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, CXCL1/KC, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, IL-33 and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), while increased IL-1ra, IL-2 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Total number of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils in BAL and the number of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the airway wall (p<0.01) were reduced by AE. Airway collagen, elastin, smooth muscle and mucus were reduced by AE (p<0.01). TGF-beta, IGF-1 and VEGF levels was reduced by AE (p<0.001). Lung mechanics (Resistance, Elastance, GTIS, HTIS, RAW) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine was ameliorated by AE (p<0.01). IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production by lymph nodes, splenocytes and bone marrow cells was also reduced by AE. The expression of P2X7, P2Y2 and P2Y6 by peribronchial leukocytes (p<0.01) and by airway epithelial cells (p<0.01) were reduced by AE. AE reduces asthma phenotype by inhibiting purinergic signaling in a model of HDM-induce asthma. / A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica das vias aéreas, na qual a sinalização purinérgica tem um papel central, controlando a ativação de células estruturais e hematopoiéticas. O treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatórios nas vias aéreas, mas não são conhecidos mecanismos celulares e moleculares. Assim, este projeto avaliou os efeitos da TFA sobre a resposta de sinalização purinérgica em um modelo de asma induzida pelo ácaro da poeira doméstica (HDM). TFA foi realizada numa esteira em intensidade moderada, 5x / semana, durante 4 semanas, após 3 semanas de administração anterior de HDM. Foi administrado HDM (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 100 mg / camundongo) 3x / semana, durante 7 semanas. Os resultados demonstraram que TFA reduziu a acumulação de adenosina trifosfato (ATP) (p <0,001), IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, CXCL1 / KC, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, IL-33 e TNF-alfa (p <0,001), enquanto aumentou IL-1ra, IL-2 e IL-10 no lavado broncoalveolar (LBA). O número total de leucócitos, eosinófilos, linfócitos e neutrófilos na LBA e o número de eosinófilos, neutrófilos e linfócitos na parede das vias aéreas (p <0,01) foram reduzidos por EA. Colágeno da via aérea, elastina, músculo liso e muco foram reduzidos por EA (p <0,01). Os níveis de TGF-beta, IGF-1 e VEGF foram reduzidos pelo EA (p <0,001). A mecânica pulmonar (resistência, elastância, GTIS, HTIS, RAW) e a hiperreatividade das vias aéreas (AHR) à metacolina foi melhorada pelo EA (p <0,01). A produção de IL-4, IL-5 e IL-13 por nódulos linfáticos, esplenócitos e células da medula óssea também foi reduzida por EA. A expressão de P2X7, P2Y2 e P2Y6 por leucócitos peribronquiais (p <0,01) e por células epiteliais das vias aéreas (p <0,01) foram reduzidas pelo TFA. TFA reduziu o fenótipo de asma inibindo a sinalização purinérgica num modelo de HDM induzindo asma.

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Orientador: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho / Banca: Tsunao Matsumoto / Banca: Gilson Arimura Arima / Resumo: O reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado com circulação apresenta características que permitem efetuar o tratamento em apenas uma etapa. O uso deste reator torna-se atraente devido à possibilidade de mantê-lo com uma alta concentração de biomassa ativa, propiciando seu porte compacto, conseqüência do reduzido período de detenção hidráulica. A eficiência do biofilme no tratamento depende das condições hidrodinâmicas do reator, uma vez que sua espessura pode ser alterada de acordo com a velocidade de circulação, e a transferência de oxigênio através de suas camadas depende da vazão de ar injetada no sistema. O trabalho propôs-se a investigar a influência da relação entre diâmetros dos tubos concêntricos em quatro configurações, mantendo o diâmetro externo constante e igual a 250 mm e alterando o diâmetro interno entre 100, 125, 150 e 200 mm, proporcionando relações Ae/Ai iguais a 5,25; 3,00; 1,78 e; 0,56, respectivamente. O tubo interno possui 2,22 m e é posicionado 0,05m acima do fundo do reator. A altura estática da coluna de fluido foi 2,35 m. Os ensaios hidrodinâmicos - velocidade do líquido, fração volumétrica de ar, tempo de mistura - e os de transferência de oxigênio foram realizados para vazões de ar até 2500 l/h em meio bifásico e em meio trifásico com concentrações de areia iguais a 30, 70, 100 e 150 g/l. O diâmetro interno de 125 mm foi o mais eficiente na indução de velocidade de circulação do líquido. A fração volumétrica de ar aumentou com o aumento do diâmetro interno para mesmas velocidades superficiais de ar, com exceção do menor diâmetro, o qual apresentou comportamento diferenciado dos demais. Os reator com diâmetro interno de 150 mm apresentou maiores valores de KLa para as mesmas vazões de ar. Observou-se que a adição de sólidos causou um decréscimo da velocidade do líquido e da fração... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Aerobic internal-loop airlift reactor has some characteristics that allow wastewater treatment in a single stage. The attractive to use this kind of reactor is mainly because of its capacity of maintaining a high active biomass concentration into it, which induces its small structure, in a consequence of its small hydraulic detention time. The biofilm efficiency in the treatment depends on reactor's hydrodynamic conditions. The structure of the biofilm and the oxygen transfer into its layers is affected by the liquid velocity induced by the air flow rate. This work proposed an investigation about the influence of the diameter of the concentric tubes, using four geometric configurations. The model had a 250 mm external tube and the inner draft tube with diameters of 100, 125, 150 and 200 mm, which means AD/AR equals to 5.25, 3.00, 1.78 and 0.56, respectively. The draft tube's height was 2,22 m and was positioned 0,05 m above the bottom of the reactor. The static fluid height was 2,35 m. The hydrodynamic tests - liquid velocities, gas hold up, mixture time - and the oxygen transfer tests were conducted for two and three-phase systems, with variable air flow rate up to 2500 l/h. The solid phase concentrations used were 30, 70, 100 and 150 g/l. The 125 mm reactor was the most efficient in inducing the liquid circulation velocity. The gas hold up increased with the increasing of the draft tube diameter, for same superficial gas velocities, excepting the 100 mm, which showed a different behavior. The 150 mm reactor presented the highest values for KLa for the same air rate. It was noticed that the solids addiction decreased the liquid velocity, gas hold up and oxygen transfer. Hydrodynamics equations found in literature showed a limited applicability, evidencing the necessity of relations capable to reach the most different configuration for this kind of reactor. A mass transfer mathematic...(Complete abstract click electronic acces below) / Mestre

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Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is a next-generation technology for the biological treatment of wastewater. The advantages of AGS in terms of small footprint, low operation and capital cost and high effluent quality makes it a strong candidate for replacing conventional biological wastewater treatment based on activated sludge (CAS) process, and potentially become the standard for biological wastewater treatment in the future. Saline wastewater is generated from many industrial processes as well as from the use of sea water as a secondary quality water for non-potable use such as toilet flushing to mitigate shortage of fresh water in some coastal cities. Salt is known to inhibit biological wastewater treatment processes in terms of organic and nutrient removal. In the first part of my dissertation, I conducted three lab-scale experiments to 1) evaluate the effect of salt on granulation and nutrient removal in AGS (330 days); 2) develop engineering strategies to mitigate the adverse effect of salt on nutrient removal of AGS (164 days); and 3) compare the effect of salt on the stoichiometry and kinetics of different phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) clades (PAOI and PAOII) and to determine the effect of potassium and sodium ions on the activities of different PAO clades (225 days). Like other artificial microbial ecosystems (e.g. CAS plant and anaerobic digester), a firm understanding of the microbial ecology of AGS system is essential for process design and optimization. The second part of my dissertation reported the first microbial ecology study of a full-scale AGS plant with the aim of addressing the role of regional (i.e. immigration) versus local factors in shaping the microbial community assembly of different-sized microbial aggregates in AGS. The microbial communities in a full-scale AGS plant in Garmerwolde, The Netherlands, was characterized periodically over 180 days using Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons of the V3-V4 regions. Overall, the discovery of this PhD study sheds light on the application of AGS for the treatment of saline wastewater and deepens our understanding on the microbial ecology of AGS systems, which is essential for process design and optimization.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13248号 / 論農博第2873号 / 新制||農||1070(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5172(農学部図書室) / (主査)教授 小川 順, 教授 阪井 康能, 教授 栗原 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The association between increased participation in physical activity (PA) and improvements in health is so well established that the promotion of regular participation in PA is a key public health priority. However, much remains to be explored about the dose-response relationship between PA and the many health benefits. To address this issue, there is a need to accurately measure PA across all population sub-groups. Finding a valid, reliable and sensitive measure of PA is essential for improving our understanding of PA-related disorders, for more clearly defining the dose-response relationship between the volume, intensity and pattern of PA and the associated health benefits, and to examine the effectiveness of interventions and public health initiatives. We conducted three exercise studies aimed at examining the associations between a novel indexof exercise volume and selected physiological and psychological outcomes. The first and second studies were secondary analyses of studies in which the validity of this index was assessed in two different exercise interventions: 12-weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and a 6-week high intensity interval training intervention. The third study was a prospective randomized controlled trial testing the feasibility and practicality of this index as applied to a specific population in an at-home exercise intervention. Taken as a whole, the results from the three studies indicate that the novel method of measuring exercise volume is promising for tracking some of the biological and psychological benefits that are associated with exercise. In these studies, this novel index of exercise volume was significantly associated with specific markers of biological adaptation to exercise training that are clinically meaningful. Further research is needed to replicate these findings in larger, diverse samples, and to broaden our understanding of how applications of this novel index can expand our ability to illuminate mechanisms whereby exercise might improve physical and mental health in research and in practice.