The aim was to verify the authenticity marking taxa genus Origanum L. The sortments were grown at the experimental plots ZF MENDELU in 2014. The analysis of the evaluation results of the work carriedout was laso done in the same year. The assortments were morphological described. The morphological characters were such as: plant height, leaf size, inflorescence height, color of the leaves and flowers. Further details were recorded on phenological phases of the taxa. Oregano samples were assessed for quantity of essential oils by distillation and the essential oils was then subjected to qualitative evaluation using the GC-MC method. The genetic relationships were evaluated using the AFLP methods.

Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-18T12:44:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.PDF: 331413 bytes, checksum: a46035999a9f1c27325bb8517e1b3b42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T12:44:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.PDF: 331413 bytes, checksum: a46035999a9f1c27325bb8517e1b3b42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A lagarta elasmo, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), e a lagarta do cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), são pragas relevantes, particularmente da cultura de milho. O presente estudo objetivou estudar regiões do DNA de E. lignosellus e avaliar milhos transgênicos, expressando as toxinas Cry 1 A(b), Cry 9C e Cry 1F, como potencial de controle desta lagarta, além de estudos de tolerância às toxinas de Cry 1 A(b) em S. frugiperda avaliando a herdabilidade desta tolerância e diferenciação, por marcadores AFLP, das populações de S. frugiperda que apresentaram tolerância e susceptibilidade à toxina avaliada. É possível diferenciar as populações brasileira e americana de E. lignosellus com PCR-RFLP e sequenciamento do gene mitocondrial COI. Milhos Bt, expressando as toxinas Cry 1 A(b), Cry 9C e Cry 1F, estão protegidos contra o ataque da lagarta elasmo. S. frugiperda mostrou aumento na tolerância à toxina Cry 1A(b) após seleção por quatro gerações e registrou-se um componente hereditário nesse fenômeno. Os dados de AFLP mostram haver diferença entre as populações tolerantes e susceptíveis. / The lesser cornstalk borer (LCB), Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important insect pest. To contribute to managing programs of these insects we propose to study mtDNA region in LCB allowing differentiation on populations from Brazil and USA, and evaluate the efficiency of Bt corn to control this pest. Also, to determine the FAW tolerance to Cry1A(b) toxin and to study the genetic polymorphism of survival of fall armyworm using AFLP technique. The results show that is possible to distinguish LCB populations from Brazil and USA using COI mitochondrial gene by PCR-RFLP and sequencing, and that Bt transgenic maize were able to protect the plants against LCSB damage. Increased tolerance to Cry 1A(b) protein was found in populations of fall armyworm after selection for four generations with Cry 1A(b)toxin. Tolerance of FAW to Cry1 A(b) had a heritage component in the studied generations. The following work, also, describes efforts to detect genetic polymorphisms between survivors.

Submitted by Luiz Felipe Barbosa (luiz.fbabreu2@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-17T14:31:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Geyner Cruz.pdf: 5016989 bytes, checksum: 78d1b845e0b795a59bd6c983e8a3c635 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:31:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Geyner Cruz.pdf: 5016989 bytes, checksum: 78d1b845e0b795a59bd6c983e8a3c635 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Cryptanthus Otto & Dietr. é endêmico do Brasil e composto por 67 espécies distribuídas em floresta Atlântica, restingas, campos rupestres e Caatinga. Apresenta espécies terrícolas endêmicas e em sua maioria ameaçadas de extinção, devido à perda do habitat natural. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo reconstituir a filogenia molecular do gênero, medir e associar o tamanho genômico com a história evolutiva do grupo e estabelecer marcadores microssatélites para estudos populacionais. No primeiro capítulo utilizando 104 espécimes de Cryptanthus, foi reconstruída a filogenia molecular para o grupo a partir de AFLP, e realizada análise do estado de caracter ancestral para flores andromonóicas e hermafroditas. Foi observado que os subgêneros Cryptanthus e Hoplocryptanthus Mez. não são monofiléticos. Além disso, os grupos morfológicos previamente propostos para o gênero, apresentaram caracteres homoplásicos, exceto larcedae. Em relação à biogeografia, a colonização da floresta Atlântica parece ter surgido dentro do grupo múltiplas vezes, sendo predominante no subgênero Cryptanthus. Em Hoplocryptanthus, as espécies de Campos Rupestres e de floresta Atlântica apresentam uma separação bem definida, consistindo em mais um indício da condição polifilética deste grupo. A análise de estado de caracter ancestral, mostrou a importância das flores andromonóicas na diversificação do gênero especialmente na floresta Atlântica. No segundo capítulo, o tamanho genômico de 47 espécies de Cryptanthus foi estimado e comparado com o estado de caracter ancestral de diferentes tipos de habitats em que o gênero ocorre, a partir de uma filogenia molecular pré-estabelecida. Foi observado diferenciação significativa entre os dois subgêneros em relação à variação do tamanho genômico e as relações filogenéticas. Adicionalmente, diferenças significativas entre tamanho genômico e preferência por diferentes habitas, também foram observadas. Contudo, as espécies que ocorrem em floresta Atlântica não se diferenciam em relação apenas a preferência por habitats, assim sugerindo que às relações filogenéticas provavelmente são os fatores mais determinantes na variação observada do tamanho genômico de Cryptanthus. O terceiro capítulo abordou a avaliação de 34 loci de microssatélite plastidial (cpSSR) da espécie Dyckia marnier-lapostollei L.B. Smith., permitindo o estabelecimento de 29 loci, dos quais sete foram genotipados em três populações da espécie C. schwackeanus Mez e três da espécie C. warrenloosei Leme. Seis loci apresentaram polimorfismo entre as populações, assim demonstrando que os cpSSR estabelecidos são uma boa ferramenta para estudos populacionais no gênero. No conjunto os dados representam os primeiros passos para o entendimento da evolução e das relações do grupo com ferramentas moleculares.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5229_1.pdf: 4164056 bytes, checksum: e0760781c724d0a873097fec971ff5ab (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Face ao seu exotismo e diversidade, a família Bromeliaceae está entre as mais admiráveis da flora neotropical. Embora existam contagens cromossômicas para cerca de 200 espécies (10% dos membros do grupo), poucas são as análises cariológicas prévias agregando informações citogenéticas adicionais, como morfologia cromossômica, caracterização de núcleos interfásicos, dos padrões de condensação cromossômica, ou técnicas de bandeamento. Do ponto de vista molecular, a maioria das inferências têm ocorrido em nível macrotaxonômico, com base na análise de seqüências nucleares e extra-nucleares, havendo poucas análises em nível infragenérico e interespecífico com marcadores moleculares. O presente estudo fornece novas evidências citogenéticas para 73 espécies, dentre as quais 48 espécies e nove gêneros analisados pela primeira vez. Os resultados apontam para uma relativa conservação quanto ao padrão de condensação (proximal em todas as espécies analisadas) e ao principal tipo de núcleo interfásico (semi-reticulado), embora existam diferenças perceptíveis na forma e distribuição dos cromocentros. A maioria das espécies apresenta cromossomos diminutos, havendo uma tendência à bimodalidade em alguns taxa analisados. Para as espécies Aechmea aquilega (Salisbury) Grisebach, A. bromelifolia (Rudge) Baker, Ananas comosus L. Merrill, A. nanus L.B.Smith, Greigia sphacelata (Ruiz & Pavon) Regel, Ochagavia litoralis (Phil.) Zizka, Trumpler & Zoellner, Puya coerulea Lindley e Tillandsia bourgarei Baker, foram efetuadas análises com os fluorocromos CMA/DAPI, revelando predominância de heterocromatina CMA+/DAPI- rica em GC (Guanina-Citosina) associada às RONs (regiões organizadoras de nucléolos). A coloração com nitrato de prata também foi aplicada, revelando um ou dois pares portadores de RONs nas espécies analisadas. As análises de AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ou Polimorfismos de Tamanho de Fragmentos Amplificados), aplicadas a 40 entidades taxonômicas do subgênero Ortgiesia do gênero Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. revelaram um clado basal incluindo espécies do complexo A. candida-A.coelestrix (composto de cinco genótipos relacionados), a partir do qual as demais provavelmente derivaram, emergindo em três ramos adicionais distintos e parcialmente consistentes com as características fitogeográficas e taxonômicas conhecidas. Os resultados gerados, especialmente aqueles relacionados às espécies de classificação controversa, são discutidos no trabalho

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6214_1.pdf: 2321884 bytes, checksum: a888b18416f7d4f41fb143eb0c9019a9 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar que é uma das principais biomassas. O etanol, obtido da fermentação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar, é um combustível potencialmente global, por amenizar dois problemas mundiais, a escassez do petróleo e o efeito estufa. O melhoramento da cana-de-açúcar requer muitas avaliações (diferentes anos e locais), assim sendo o uso de marcadores moleculares pode auxiliar esse processo. A técnica de AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms), de caráter multiplex, é ótima para geração de um grande número de marcadores a partir de poucas combinações de iniciadores. Este trabalho teve por objetivo detectar associações fenótipo-marcador em progênie (234/96) de híbridos de clones elites do melhoramento nacional de cana-deaçúcar, a partir de marcadores AFLP e os caracteres Fibra%Cana, PCC (POL%Cana) e TCH (tonelagem de cana por hectare), oriundos de oito ensaios, que avaliaram os dois ciclos da cultura (cana-planta e cana-soca) em duas localidades (Piracicaba e Jaú, ambas em SP). Foram detectados marcadores associados a prováveis QTLs (locos controladores de caracteres quantitativos), tanto de efeitos positivos quanto negativos, e para os três caracteres, individualmente. Alguns marcadores apresentaram também associação conjunta significativa (p < 0.05) para mais de um caráter. A seqüência de DNA de um marcador AFLP possibilitou o desenho de iniciadores específicos que amplificaram via PCR, com DNAs da progênie 234/96, três marcadores de efeitos negativos associados com Fibra%Cana, sendo um deles também associado com TCH e de efeito positivo. Esses marcadores foram considerados promissores para uso em Seleção Assistida, auxiliando os programas de melhoramento

This is a study of transcriptional gene regulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) in response to Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia, Kurdjumov) infestation. The Russian wheat aphid feeds on the phloem sap in the leaves of wheat plants, and causes the leaves of susceptible wheat plants to curl. This forms a protective barrier for the RWA from insecticides and natural enemies. Chlorosis also results from the RWA feeding. In cases of high infestation, death of susceptible plants can also occur. Eleven wheat genes that confer resistance to the Russian wheat aphid have been identified, but their mechanism at molecular level is still not clearly understood. Wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) were used in a genome-wide, transcriptome analysis using cDNA-AFLP technology. RWA-resistant cultivar ‘Tugela DN’ and RWA-susceptible cultivar ‘Tugela’ were infested with the RWA and leaves were collected from the infested plants at different (0-, 1-, 2-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48- and 120-) hours post infestation. cDNA samples derived from these leaves was then analyzed by cDNA-AFLP which revealed 18 clusters of differential gene regulation between the two NILs. The results of this experiment show that differential regulation of transcripts occur even within the first hour of infestation. All types of regulation were observed within the clusters. Differentially expressed transcript derived fragments (TDFs) that were randomly isolated from PAGE gels and sequenced (41 TDFs) included sequences in the functional groups similar to those observed in the microarray analysis. The functional categories are cell structure and maintenance [protein synthesis (14%), chaperone (2%), protein degradation (2%), transcription factor (5%)]; photosynthesis [sugar metabolism (5%), carbohydrate metabolism (2%), energy related (7%)]; defenserelated [signaling (7%), defense-related (10%)] while the rest did not have any significant homology to any known or characterized proteins. Previous suppressive subtractive hybridization experiments identified transcripts that are differentially expressed in wheat in response to RWA feeding. More transcripts were identified by PCR from cDNA pools derived from RWA-infested plants as having conserved motifs common in pathenogenesis related proteins. The isolated transcripts were used to generate a defense response-biased microarray chip that was used to investigate the regulation of these transcripts during infestation of RWA resistant wheat plants (‘Tugela DN’) in a time trial. Dual hybridization of CyDye labeled probes derived from the induced ‘Tugela DN’ plants to the microarray chips revealed differential regulation of the immobilized transcripts in wheat, at different time points post infestation with the RWA. Statistical analysis of the CyDye intensities on the 380 spots mounted on the cDNA microarray slides showed 29 transcripts to be significantly regulated (P≤0.05) during the time of the experiment. These included ESTs that were grouped into four functional categories, namely cell structure and maintenance (9 ESTs); photosynthesis (8 ESTs); defense-related (4 ESTs) and those with no significant homology found or proteins with unknown function (8 ESTs). Patterns of regulation of these transcripts in all of the functional categories included all types of regulation e.g. mainly down-regulation, mainly up-regulation, and a combination of up-/up-/down-regulation in response to RWA feeding. In conclusion, data obtained utilizing cDNA microarray and cDNA-AFLP analyses in infested wheat suggest that the ability to maintain structures involved in photosynthesis by regulating the relevant transcripts through-out infestation is an important determinant in plant survival during RWA feeding. The timing of regulation is also important as some of the transcripts are also regulated in RWA susceptible ‘Tugela’ plants but not in a timely manner which leads to loss of energy and subsequent death of susceptible plants. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Genetics / unrestricted

Maize is the staple food for the majority of Tanzanians. However, maize production in the Southern highlands of Tanzania (SHT) is highly reduced by gray leaf spot disease (GLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora zea maydis. GLS reduces grain yield, kernel and silage quality. The most common GLS control methods in Tanzania include amongst others; fungicides, crop rotation, field sanitation, host resistance. These methods except host resistance are, however, either expensive or less effective or unsafe to the environment. Furthermore, conventional breeding strategies are not very effective for traits, which are lowly inherited such as GLS resistance. Lastly, to date there are few GLS resistant commercial hybrids in SHT. Thus, this study aimed to produce more commercial GLS resistant hybrids, increase farmers’ hybrid choices of growing genetically different GLS insensitive hybrids, which will also provide a constant supply of GLS resistant maize cultivars in case of GLS resistance breakdown due to new GLS pathotypes. This research combined conventional breeding with molecular technologies to increase the efficacy of selecting GLS resistant hybrids and assist breeders in predicting best inbred combinations for commercial hybrid production. Studies conducted to meet the main aims were on; the prediction of best line combiners and heterosis in Tanzanian maize breeding lines through the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism, (AFLP), an association of AFLPs and the performance of phenotypic traits in maize, evaluation of maize hybrids for gray leaf spot resistance in multienvironments and finally a preliminary study on gray leaf spot PCR-based marker development with the long term objective of implementing cleaved amplified polymorphic markers (CAPS) in a marker assisted selection (MAS) strategy in the SHT maize breeding programme. Results from the study revealed that pairwise GD (genetic distance) of the lines varied from a GD of 0.13 to 0.5. High coancentry coefficients were exhibited by these lines. Joint data analyses showed that there were tighter associations between line GD and F1 traits or MPH in the intergroup than in the intragroup crosses. Combined analyses revealed that hybrids 48, 90 and 45 recorded higher stable yields and consistently low GLS scores in multienvironments. Fifteen CAPS marker bands were identified that are putatively linked to the GLS resistant genes. In summary, it was noted that strong selection during inbreeding programs should be avoided as it reduces germplasm variability. Local landraces/varieties can be improved by introgressing desirable genes into them. AFLP marker system could be effectively used for inbred genetic diversity studies in Tanzania. Intergroup crosses with high GD-MPH should be the main target for commercial hybrid production but field testing of them is inevitable to confirm their yielding potentials. Intergroups and intragroup crosses with low GD-MPH should be discarded to avoid field costs. Better F1 hybrid performance predictions can be achieved by integrating inbred GD and F1 phenotypic data. Hybrids with low GLS/high GLS resistance could be used to produce other breeding populations. Hybrids 45, 48 and 90 can be commercially preleased. Lastly a study to characterize the GLS fungus in the SHT is imperative since information on virulence of isolates is needed for long term breeding strategies against the fungus. Finally, the SHT maize germplasm has potential GLS resistant inbred lines which could be used in the deployment of genes to susceptible lines and in the development of commercial GLS resistant hybrids/open pollinated varieties/doubled haploid hybrids. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Genetics / unrestricted

The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, RWA), is a serious pest in most wheat producing countries around the world. Infestation of wheat fields by this pest has a severe economic impact, as a result of heavy losses in crop yield. Because of the importance of wheat as a food source and its ever growing supply demand, the study of wheat-Russian wheat aphid interactions on the molecular level are integral to the development of management strategies. This is highlighted by the fact that new RWA biotypes that overcome resistance in a number of wheat varieties, continually emerge. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to this endeavour, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which the RWA resistance gene Dn7 confers resistance to three different RWA biotypes (one from SA, and two from the USA). Firstly, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was applied in order to isolate transcripts differentially expressed in the RWA resistant wheat line, 94M370, carrying the Dn7 gene. There are two main advantages to this technique. One is that the relative representation of rare transcripts is increased in the subsequent cDNA population, and it is these low abundance transcripts that are arguably the ones of particular interest. Secondly, this method allows for the isolation of unknown transcripts, without the need for existing sequence information. Experiments with this method however, failed, leading to an investigation as to probable causes. The various steps involved in the SSH procedure were individually assessed in an attempt to identify and correct the problem. Various adjustments were made to PCR procedures, template enzyme digestions and ligation reactions, without success. After creating a basic cDNA-AFLP fingerprint from the existing cDNA template, in order to confirm that the template is not responsible for experimental difficulties – it was decided to apply a different strategy in order to meet research objectives. Consequently, the study on Dn7 mediated defence responses was continued with cDNA-AFLP. In addition to studying the response by Dn7 to South African biotype RWA infestation, its responses to infestation by two United States RWA biotypes was also explored. This allowed us to gain a greater comprehension of the methods by which Dn7 activates defences against different aphid eliciting agents. Findings suggest that this gene activates responses that are unique to each of the different aphid interactions. Although the interactions between Dn7 and the two US biotypes were very similar, this can possibly be explained by the fact that the differences between these two biotypes on molecular level are minuscule. Dn7 responds to the South African biotype of the RWA in a completely different manner, as judged by the very dissimilar expression patterns obtained during cDNA-AFLP analysis. Reasons for this phenomenon could include molecular differences between the South African and US RWA biotypes, differences in response generating elicitor molecules (which has indeed been shown to be the case between South African and US aphid biotypes), or a combination of both. The sequencing of fragments displaying differential expression patterns during cDNA-AFLP fingerprinting, provides us with additional information as to the exact mechanisms potentially involved. As expected, various compounds related to plant defence were identified, such as a number of Leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain containing proteins, genes related to cell signalling and genes involved in protein processing (proteases, peptidases). Finally, these results are consistent with theories that Dn7 may recognise and interact with its distinct aphid elicitors either directly, by the presence of multiple bindings sites on the same protein, or indirectly. In that case, in accordance with the guard hypothesis, Dn7 may simply monitor interactions between aphid elicitors and other recognition factors- after which a response cascade is activated. Useful potential research would focus on Dn7 itself, including mapping, isolation as well as structural and functional characterization. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Genetics / unrestricted

Hybridization in plants can be common, may lead to increased genetic variation, and in some instances the formation of new species. For endangered species, hybridization can introduce novel genetic variation and potentially increase genetic diversity. In contrast, hybridization can negatively affect an endangered species or population by introducing maladaptive alleles into locally adapted lineages or lead to the homogenization of once distinct lineages. We used microsatellites, AFLP markers, and morphological data to identify potential hybridization between the endangered Roan Mountain bluet (Houstonia purpurea var. montana) and its commonly occurring congener (H. purpurea var. purpurea). We used these data to clarify the taxonomic relationship of these varieties and to assess population structuring of the Roan Mountain bluet. The results showed that these lineages are distinct and few individuals exhibited admixture in several populations. Additionally, the results showed there is genetic population structure among the remaining populations of H. purpurea var. montana, which is consistent with other mountaintop species. Our results show that Roan Mountain bluet populations should be protected to maintain genetic diversity and monitored to assess future hybridization, and additional studies that comprise a greater population sampling would provide more information.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19033号 / 農博第2111号 / 新制||農||1031(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4915(農学部図書室) / 31984 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 米森 敬三, 教授 土井 元章, 教授 北島 宣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM