<p>Syftet med denna studie var att via litteraturen beskriva eventuella effekter av icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder vid demensrelaterad agitation. Data samlades in genom sökning i databaserna Medline och Academic Search Elite.</p> / <p>The aim of this literature review was to describe the potential effects of non-pharmacological treatments for agitated behaviours associated with dementia. Data was collected through the databases Medline and Academic Search Elite. Searches were limited to articles published within the last ten years, written in either Swedish or English.</p>

Syftet med denna studie var att via litteraturen beskriva eventuella effekter av icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder vid demensrelaterad agitation. Data samlades in genom sökning i databaserna Medline och Academic Search Elite. / The aim of this literature review was to describe the potential effects of non-pharmacological treatments for agitated behaviours associated with dementia. Data was collected through the databases Medline and Academic Search Elite. Searches were limited to articles published within the last ten years, written in either Swedish or English.

This research explored whether individual interactions with a robotic cat could improve quality of life for persons living with advanced dementia. The research was conducted with five women residents in a Manitoba personal care home. Theories of personhood, agitation, and nurturance provided the conceptual framework. Ethnographic research methods included video-recorded observations of each resident with the cat, semi-structured interviews with staff and family, participant observation and three sets of agitation inventories (CMAI). Findings suggested agitation was reduced, socialization increased and, with pet loving residents, nurturant behaviour was evident. The cat, as a device for increased social attention, created positive results with the non-pet lovers. Advanced dementia did not prevent the women from indicating choice. The study concluded that a robotic cat could be a useful resource for persons with advanced dementia, dependent upon prior life-style and personal choice.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 35 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 16-18).

This research study examines the decreased agitation level utilizing nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions in dementia patients, age 65 and older. The study examined the following question: Will a therapeutic art program diminish agitated behaviors in persons diagnosed with dementia, aged 65 and older? In this quasi-experimental research design, the sample consisted of 19 participants in 3 groups, selected using these criteria: must be receiving services from a long term care facility, be diagnosed with dementia, display agitated behaviors, and be age 65 and older. This research measures the reduction of agitated behaviors in demented patients with the use of a therapeutic art program. The therapeutic art group pretest, midtest and posttest means were separated into Factor 1: aggressive behavior, Factor 2: physically nonaggressive behaviors, and Factor 3: verbally aggressive behavior. A multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted on the data for Factor 1, Factor 2, and Factor 3. The ANCOVA was not statistically significant for Factor 1. The ANCOVA indicated statistically significant findings when using a one tailed test for Factor 2 and Factor 3. The ANCOVA indicated statistically significant findings using a two tailed test for overall agitation. These findings inform professionals about the efficacy of therapeutic art programs on patients with levels of agitation and dementia. A therapeutic art program may contribute to a better quality of life for persons with dementia. Recommendations are included for use with dementia patients, therapeutic programs and long term care.

Bakgrund: I Sverige lever idag 160 000 personer med en demensdiagnos. Demens kan ge många olika fysiska och beteendemässiga symtom. Forskning har visat att musik är något som kan trösta och lugna en person. Långtidsmusikminnet har visat sig finnas kvar hos personer med demenssjukdom. Syfte: Att undersöka hur personer med demensdiagnos påverkas av musik. Metod: En litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs metod där resultatet baserats på elva vetenskapliga artiklar; fem kvalitativa och sex kvantitativa originalartiklar. Databaserna Cinahl och PubMed användes med söktermer som dementia, music, nursing och singing. Resultat: Musik vid måltider kan minska agiterade beteenden. Musik vid morgonomvårdnad kan förbättra kommunikationen mellan vårdpersonalen och personen med demens samt att förståelsen för de dagliga aktiviteterna ökar. Att individuellt lyssna på musik kan minska agitation samt öka kommunikationen med personen med demenssjukdom. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utifrån konsensusbegreppet vårdande, där fokus för diskussionen främst kretsade kring hur musiken kan användas som en omvårdnadsåtgärd. / Background: In Sweden 160 000 people live with a dementia diagnosis today. Dementia can give several behavioral and psychological symptoms. Research has shown that music can comfort and calm a person. Long term music memory has shown to be intact in people with dementia. Aim: To study the impact of music on people suffering from dementia.   Method: A literature review according to Friberg's method where the result is based on eleven scientific articles; five qualitative and six quantitative original articles. Databases used were Cinahl and PubMed with the search terms dementia, music, nursing and singing. Results: Music at mealtime can decrease agitated behavior. Music during morning care sessions can increase the communication between caregiver and people suffering from dementia and also increase the understanding of the everyday activities. Individually listening to music can decrease agitation and increase communication with the person suffering from dementia. Discussion: The results are discussed in relation to the consensus concept caring, where the focus for the discussion was how music can be used as a nursing intervention.

Bakgrund: Beröring är en integrerad del av det mänskliga beteendet och kan öka välbefinnandet samt ge en stunds lugn och ro. Inom omvårdad har intresset för kompletterande och alternativa behandlingar ökat för att behandla demensrelaterade symtom, såsom agitation och aggressivitet. Expressiv beröring är av intresse då det är kostnadseffektivt och biverkningarna är få. Syfte: Att undersöka vilka effekter expressiv beröring har på agiterat och aggressivt beteende hos personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: Litteraturöversikt innehållande tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ ansats. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna CINAHL, MEDLINE och PubMed. Resultat: I studierna där handmassage och akupressur erhölls minskade agitation och aggressivitet signifikant. I studier där mjukmassage och fotmassage erhölls framkom varierade resultatet och både minskningar och ökningar av agitation och aggressivitet sågs. Slutsats: Då inte alla studier var av tillräckligt hög kvalitet, var det svårt att dra slutsatser och generalisera resultatet om beröringens effekt. Det fanns dock en trend vad gäller minskat agiterat och aggressivt beteende när personer med demenssjukdom blev berörda. Klinisk betydelse: Kunskap och information om beröringens effekter för att minska agiterat och aggressivt beteende hos personer med demenssjukdom saknas. Att som sjuksköterska ha kunskap om beröringens effekter är därför av betydelse. / Background: Touch is an integral part of human behavior and can improve well-being and provide a moment of peace and quiet. In nursing, an interest in complementary and alternative therapies has increased to treat dementia-related symptoms, such as agitation and aggression. Expressive touch in the form of massage and acupressure are of interest since these treatments are cost-effective and side effects are limited. Aim: To examine the effects of expressive touch on agitated and aggressive behavior in people with dementia. Method: Literature review containing ten scientific articles with quantitative approach. Articles were searched in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and PubMed. Result: The findings demonstrate that when receiving hand massage and acupressure, agitation and aggression were significantly decreased. When soft massage and foot massage were received results varied, agitation and aggression both decreased and increased. Conclusion: Since not all studies were of adequate quality, it was difficult to draw conclusions and generalize the results of the power of touch. However, a trend in decreased agitated and aggressive behavior was observed when people with dementia were touched. Clinical significance: Knowledge and information about the effects of expressive touch to reduce agitated and aggressive behavior in people with dementia are missing. To have knowledge about the effects of touch are therefore of importance as a nurse.

Orientador: Paulo Cesar Razuk / Banca: Geraldo Luiz Palma / Banca: Celso Fernandes Joaquim Júnior / Resumo: Um dos processos mais comuns na indústria é a agitação (ou mistura). Nos dias de hoje, conhecer o comportamento das diversas variáveis envolvidas no processo é essencial para tornar a operação cada vez mais eficiente. Determinar de forma precisa o número de potência é fundamental para o correto dimensionamento do sistema de agitação e, consequentemente, um melhor aproveitamento de energia. Uma variável pouco analisada diz respeito à rugosidade da superfície interna do tanque onde é realizada a agitação. Essa característica também tem influência no consumo de potência. Além disso, cada produto requer formas diferentes de agitação e também a utilização de diferentes geometrias de impelidores. Por isso, foram propostas, estudadas e ensaiadas agitaçõs que empregaram dois impelidores com três pás retas a 120º, dotadas de 3 e 8 furos cada, em fluidos de viscosidades distintas, como água e óleo, além do impelidor de quatro pás retas a 45º - referência já conhecida na literatura. Todos os testes foram realizados em tanques cilíndricos dotados de 4 defletores de costado removíveis. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios demostraram que tanques com menor rugosidade intrna demandam menor potência, especialmente quando processam fluidos mais viscosos. Além disso, foi possível determinar a variação do número de potência com o número de Reynolds para os impelidores propostos. / Abstract: One of the most used process on the industry is the agitation (or mixing). Nowadays, to know the behavior of the several variables presents on the process is essential to become the operation most efficient. To determine accurately the power number is necessary to correctly design of the mixing system and, consequently, a better energy exploitation. A variable no often analized, relates to internal suface roughness of the equipment where the mixing is done. This characteristic also has influence on the power consumption. Besides, each product needs differents forms of mixing and also needs differents impeller geometries. Because of this, it was proposed, studied and tested mixers that were used with two impellers with 3 blades (120º) with 3 or 8 holes in each one, in fluids with distinct viscosity, water and oil, besides the four pitch blades, reference already known on the literary. The results obtained on the tests show that the tanks with better internal roughness need lower potency, specially when is used fluids with higher viscosity. Besides, it was possible to determine the power number and the Reynolds' number for the proposed impellers. / Mestre

<p>Demenssjukdomar drabbar i högre grad en åldrande population. Med detta</p><p>följer ett antal komplikationer och problemskapande beteenden som påverkar</p><p>omvårdnaden. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa musikens betydelse för att minska agitation hos personer som drabbats av demenssjukdom. Metoden som valdes var en systematisk litteraturstudie som omfattade 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Vid granskningen av artiklarnas resultat bildades tre teman, vilka var; musikens påverkan på agiterande beteende, musiken betydelse för kommunikation och socialt samspel samt betydelsen av musikval. Resultatet visade att musik kan ha positiv effekt på agiterade beteenden. Bäst effekt har den individuellt anpassade musiken som valts ut efter varje individs enskilda smak och resultatet bör utvärderas i varje enskilt fall. I diskussionen konkluderades det bland annat att musik kan antas förbättra välbefinnandet hos personer med demenssjukdom och därmed underlätta såväl omvårdnadsarbetet för vårdaren, som välbefinnandet för personer som drabbats av demenssjukdom.</p>

Particle distribution and settling in suspensions with non-Newtonian liquids agi- tated with a Rushton turbine in a lab-scale tank have been studied. The rheology of the non-Newtonian liquids can be described by the power-law, Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley fluid models. The dynamics of the dispersed phase settling particles (size 0.65mm) is modeled by a Lagrangian tracking approach while the liquid phase is resolved by the lattice-Boltzmann method. Qualitative insight emerging from exploration of shear-thinning/thickening, New- tonian, yield-stress fluid models at Reynolds number, Re=6 103 , 8.5 103 and 1.25 104 indicate that bottom particle concentration is highest in power-law liq- uids than in Newtonian; while yield stress fluids had more uniform particle con- centration and least bottom concentration. Also, turbulent kinetic energy and vis- cous dissipation are highest in the Newtonian liquid. Extra viscous diffusion due to fluctuating non-Newtonian viscosity in the turbulent kinetic energy equation attributes to these differences. / Chemical Engineering