Les profils permettent de customiser UML pour un domaine particulier. Cette customisation se fait par l’ajout de concepts (stéréotypes) relatifs au domaine, l’ajout de contraintes sur ces concepts ainsi que la résolution de points de variation sémantiques. Il existe un processus établit et documenté dans l’état de l’art permettant de construire la syntaxe de ces langages basés sur UML. En revanche, ce processus ne couvre pas l’aspect formalisation de la sémantique et les propositions issues de l’état de l’art ne présentent pas d’approches systématiques pour traiter ce problème.La formalisation de la sémantique est un point essentiel de la construction d’un langage car elle permet de donner le sens des constructions syntaxiques. Pour être efficace, la formalisation de la sémantique d’un langage doit être menée conjointement à une action de normalisation. L’intérêt d’avoir une sémantique formelle et standard pour un langage est qu’elle permet aux modèles définis dans ce langage d’être exploités (analyse, exécution, simulation, etc.) de manière équivalente entre les outils. Cette équivalence permet aux utilisateurs d’observer des interprétations identiques d’un même modèle entre différents outils et donc d’avoir une compréhension commune du modèle et de la sémantique associée. Dans le contexte des profils, les actions de normalisations menées par l’OMG se concentrent exclusivement sur la syntaxe et la formalisation de la sémantique est négligée. Nous proposons de répondre à ce problème en nous appuyant sur les spécifications fUML et PSCS qui définissent une sémantique normative pour un sous-ensemble d’UML.Dans un premier temps, nous définissons deux méthodologies alternatives s’appuyant sur ces standards permettant de formaliser la sémantique d’exécution d’un profil UML. Dans la première méthodologie la sémantique d’exécution d’un profil est formalisée au niveau du modèle de domaine. La forme exécutable d’un modèle applicatif profilé est obtenue par transformation de modèle. Dans la seconde méthodologie, la sémantique est définie directement pour le profil. Le modèle qui la formalise est une extension du modèle sémantique de fUML/PSCS formalisée avec fUML. Les modèles sémantiques obtenus sont conformes à fUML ce qui les rend par construction exécutables et directement exploitables dans n’importe quel outil implantant les normes UML et fUML. Dans un deuxième temps, nous comparons nos approches sur la base de trois critères : l’effort de modélisation requis pour produire le modèle sémantique, la préservation de la sémantique de base d’UML définie par fUML/PSCS et la possibilité d’identifier rapidement les relations entre les stéréotypes et leurs sémantiques. Cette comparaison, nous permet de montrer la capacité de notre seconde méthodologie à prendre en compte des extensions clefs de la sémantique de base d’UML dans le contexte des profils. Ces éléments clefs sont : la délégation du contrôle, l’instanciation et les communications. L’ensemble de nos contributions ont été outillées dans le contexte de l’outil d’exécution de modèles MOKA qui est intégré au modeleur UML/SysML Papyrus. / UML profiles enable the UML to be tailored to a particular domain. To do so, a profile adds domain specific concepts (i.e., stereotypes) and constraints to UML and disambiguates specific semantic variation points. The design process for abstract syntax of profiles is well documented in the literature. However, specification of the semantics is neglected. According to our researches, there are no proposals in the state-of-the-art that define a systematic approach to solve this problem.Semantic formalization is a key point of language design. It enables to formally define the meaning of syntactic elements. In order to be efficient, the formalization activity must be realized in parallel with a standardization activity. The interest to have a language with a formal standardized semantic is to enable models defined using this latter to be interpreted (analysis, execution, simulation) in equivalent way between tools implementing the semantics. This equivalence enables users to observe similar interpretations of the same model between different tools and therefore to have a shared understanding of this model and the associated semantic.In the context of UML profiles, normalization activities leaded by the OMG are focused on the syntax. The semantic formalization aspect is neglected. We propose to address this problem by relying on fUML and PSCS OMG (Object Management Group) specifications. These standards formalize execution semantics for a subset of UML (classes, composite structures, and activities).Firstly, we define two methodologies relying on these standards to formalize execution semantics of UML profiles execution semantics. The first methodology defines the execution semantics for the domain model underlying the profile. The executable form of an applicative model defined using the profile is obtained by model transformation. In the second methodology, semantics are defined directly for the profile by extending the semantic model of fUML/PSCS using fUML. By being conform to fUML, the semantic model is by construction executable and can be directly used in any tools implementing the UML and fUML standards.Secondly, we compare our approaches against the following criteria: the modelling effort required to build the semantic model, the capability of the methodology to preserve the UML semantics (i.e., the one defined by fUML/PSCS) and the capability to identify clearly the relationships between the stereotypes and their semantics. This comparison enables us to demonstrate the capacity of the second methodology to define key extensions of the UML semantics in the context of a profile. These latter are: the control delegation, the instantiation, and the communications. The contributions have been implemented in our model execution framework Moka which is integrated in the open-source UML/SysML modeling tool Papyrus.

In this study the overarching question is in what way the Swedishauthor Alf Henrikson has acted as a popular educator and if he as such hasbeen a part of a popular educational context. The different popular educationalactivities he associated with could be considered as verification thathe did act as a popular educator. Two works of his popular historical authorshipare examined and they are characterized by the intention or ambitionto disseminate historical knowledge. By his historical authorship healso was a part of a popular historical tradition in Sweden.Henrikson appeared at several times as a popular lecturer and hereby hereproduces a tradition from the worker’s institutes and the associations forpopular lectures. He also performed on several occasions in radio programsand TV programs and disseminated knowledge and education. Radio broadcastsas well as television are regarded as popular educational activities. Inconsideration to the subject areas of his knowledge he can be affiliated withan educational ideal in the Swedish worker’s movement and Swedish populareducation. His educational ideal is the personality creating neohumanisticprinciple. Henrikson also supported the thought of taking over the middles-classes idea of cultural heritage.

Introduction: Intestinal bacteria influence gut morphology by affecting epithelial cell proliferation, development of the lamina propria, villus length and crypt depth [1]. Gut microbiota-derived factors have been proposed to also play a role in the development of a 30 % longer intestine, that is characteristic of PRM/Alf mice compared to other mouse strains [2, 3]. Polyamines and SCFAs produced by gut bacteria are important growth factors, which possibly influence mucosal morphology, in particular villus length and crypt depth and play a role in gut lengthening in the PRM/Alf mouse. However, experimental evidence is lacking. Aim: The objective of this work was to clarify the role of bacterially-produced polyamines on crypt depth, mucosa thickness and epithelial cell proliferation. For this purpose, C3H mice associated with a simplified human microbiota (SIHUMI) were compared with mice colonized with SIHUMI complemented by the polyamine-producing Fusobacterium varium (SIHUMI + Fv). In addition, the microbial impact on gut lengthening in PRM/Alf mice was characterized and the contribution of SCFAs and polyamines to this phenotype was examined. Results: SIHUMI + Fv mice exhibited an up to 1.7 fold higher intestinal polyamine concentration compared to SIHUMI mice, which was mainly due to increased putrescine concentrations. However, no differences were observed in crypt depth, mucosa thickness and epithelial proliferation. In PRM/Alf mice, the intestine of conventional mice was 8.5 % longer compared to germfree mice. In contrast, intestinal lengths of C3H mice were similar, independent of the colonization status. The comparison of PRM/Alf and C3H mice, both associated with SIHUMI + Fv, demonstrated that PRM/Alf mice had a 35.9 % longer intestine than C3H mice. However, intestinal SCFA and polyamine concentrations of PRM/Alf mice were similar or even lower, except N acetylcadaverine, which was 3.1-fold higher in PRM/Alf mice. When germfree PRM/Alf mice were associated with a complex PRM/Alf microbiota, the intestine was one quarter longer compared to PRM/Alf mice colonized with a C3H microbiota. This gut elongation correlated with levels of the polyamine N acetylspermine. Conclusion: The intestinal microbiota is able to influence intestinal length dependent on microbial composition and on the mouse genotype. Although SCFAs do not contribute to gut elongation, an influence of the polyamines N acetylcadaverine and N acetylspermine is conceivable. In addition, the study clearly demonstrated that bacterial putrescine does not influence gut morphology in C3H mice. / Einleitung: Die intestinale Mikrobiota beeinflusst die Morphologie des Darmes durch Beeinflussung der Epithelzellproliferation, Entwicklung der Lamina Propria, Zottenlänge und Kryptentiefe [1]. Zudem stehen bakterielle Faktoren im Verdacht, die Entwicklung eines 30 % längeren Darmes in der PRM/Alf Maus gegenüber anderen Mausstämmen zu begünstigen [2, 3]. Die von der intestinalen Mikrobiota produzierten Polyamine und kurzkettigen Fettsäuren (SCFA) stellen wichtige Wachstumsfaktoren dar, die bei der Ausbildung des Darmes sowie an der Darmverlängerung in der PRM/Alf Maus beteiligt sein könnten. Zielstellung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war, den Einfluss von bakteriell-produzierten Polyaminen auf die Kryptentiefe, Schleimhautdicke und Epithelzellproliferation zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden keimfreie C3H Mäuse mit einer vereinfachten menschlichen Mikrobiota (SIHUMI) assoziiert und mit C3H Mäusen, die mit einer SIHUMI plus dem polyaminproduzierendem Fusobacterium varium (SIHUMI + Fv) besiedelt worden waren, verglichen. Weiterhin sollte der mikrobielle Einfluss sowie die Rolle von SCFAs und Polyaminen bei der Ausbildung eines verlängerten Darms in der PRM/Alf Maus untersucht werden. Ergebnisse: Die SIHUMI + Fv Mäuse zeigten eine bis zu 1,7 fach höhere intestinale Polyaminkonzentration im Vergleich zu SIHUMI-Mäusen, welche vor allem auf eine Erhöhung von Putrescin zurückzuführen war. Trotz der höheren Polyaminkonzentrationen wurden keine Unterschiede in der Kryptentiefe, Schleimhautdicke und Epithelzellproliferation beobachtet. Die Untersuchung der Darmlänge in PRM/Alf Mäusen in Abhängigkeit vom Besiedlungsstatus ergab einen 8,5 % längeren Darm in konventionell besiedelten PRM/Alf Mäusen im Vergleich zu keimfreien PRM/Alf Mäusen. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden in C3H-Mäusen keine Unterschiede in der Darmlänge in Abhängigkeit von der Besiedlung beobachtet. Der Vergleich zwischen PRM/Alf und C3H Mäusen, die beide mit der SIHUMI + Fv Mikrobiota assoziiert wurden, zeigte einen 35,9 % längeren Darm in PRM/Alf Mäusen. Trotz des längeren Darmes waren die intestinalen SCFA- und Polyaminkonzentrationen vergleichbar bzw. geringer als in C3H Mäusen, mit einer Ausnahme: Die Konzentration von N Acetylcadaverin war in PRM/Alf Mäusen 3,1-fach erhöht. Wurden keimfreie PRM/Alf Mäuse mit einer komplexen PRM/Alf Mikrobiota assoziiert, so war ihr Darm ein Viertel länger als bei PRM/Alf Mäusen, die mit einer C3H Mikrobiota besiedelt wurden. Dieser längere Darm korrelierte mit der N Acetylsperminkonzentration. Schlussfolgerung: Die intestinale Mikrobiota ist in der Lage, die Darmlänge abhängig von der mikrobiellen Zusammensetzung und von dem Genotyp des Wirtes zu beeinflussen. Obwohl SCFAs die Darmlänge nicht beeinflussten, ist eine Beteiligung der Polyamine N Acetylcadaverin und N Acetylspermin denkbar. Darüber hinaus zeigte die Studie, dass Putrescin die Anatomie des Darmes in C3H Mäusen nicht beeinflusst.

A dissertation in fulfilment of the Degree of Masters of Arts in Fine Arts (MAFA) at the University of Witwatersrand, 2017 / In 2012, the Johannesburg-based artists’ collective, Center for Historical Reenactments (CHR), presented Fr(agile), a social sculpture and public intervention, following a threeday residency at the Alf Kumalo Museum in Diepkloof, Soweto. The Fr(agile) Residency intended to reimagine the archive by searching it for points of interest related to visual artmaking. This research dissertation aims to revisit Fr(agile) in order to explore new ways of engaging the photographic archive, and artist-led processes and methodologies within this archive. The archive was never completely sorted although Kumalo had, had intentions of properly cataloguing his archive and had begun the process of digitising his photographs at his museum. With the archive closed for legal reasons, this research will draw on memory and account, and this dissertation will be presented orally. I feel it is necessary to remember what the archive was like during the residency, but to also propose ways to activate the archive through contemporary visual arts practice. The research further proposes ways in which archives can occupy a space within contemporary visual arts, how they can potentially function when looked at as contemporary objects, and begin to question the ephemeral relationship between the photographic medium, archive and memory. / XL2018

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often complain of a fading of new memories over days to weeks. This is particularly the case for patients with transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), a subtype of TLE. Objective memory testing sometimes corroborates this complaint, demonstrating normal or near-normal recall after standard delays (10-30 minutes), followed by a rapid decline in recall over longer delays (i.e. 1 week). This ‘nonstandard’ form of memory impairment has been termed accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF). It may reflect impairment of memory encoding, consolidation or retrieval. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the cognitive basis of ALF in TEA/TLE. The objectives were to: (a) determine the time scale of ALF of words (Chapter 3), (b) establish whether ALF affects picture recognition (Chapter 4), (c) establish whether ALF is affected by repeated retrieval (Chapter 2), number of learning trials (Chapter 5) and post-learning sensory stimulation (interference) (Chapter 5), (d) investigate ALF under incidental encoding conditions (Chapter 6), and (e) examine ALF associated with baclofen, a GABAB – receptor agonist (Chapter 7). A range of experimental paradigms and materials were applied to test memory function in several samples of TEA/TLE patients complaining of ALF and in healthy controls. The experiments revealed the following: ALF for word lists became apparent after 3–8 hours of daytime wakefulness, suggesting that disturbance of sleep related consolidation processes is not necessary for ALF to emerge in TEA. ALF for verbal information occurred both under incidental and intentional encoding conditions, and this rapid forgetting was not prevented by cued or recognition tests or by the matching of encoding conditions for patients and controls. This suggests that ALF is not associated primarily with an encoding or retrieval deficit. Although multiple learning trials and reduced sensory stimulation after learning reduced early forgetting (over 15-30 minutes) in TEA/TLE, neither factor reduced long-term forgetting. Moreover, in contrast to verbal recall, picture recognition was impoverished after minutes, but declined normally thereafter, demonstrating a subtle ‘early’ memory deficit in TEA, which might or might not be related to ALF. Overall, the present research suggests that ALF reflects a consolidation deficit, which results in accelerating forgetting the first few hours to days after memory acquisition, without a requirement for intervening sleep.

Realtidssystem ställer hårda krav på dess ingående mjukvaras temporala beteende. Programmen måste bete sig deterministiskt och ge svar inom satta tidsgränser. Med hårda krav följer större behov av verktyg att testa koden med. WCET (Worst Case Execution Time)-analys har som mål att finna en övre gräns för ett programs exekveringstid. SWEET (SWEdish Execution Time) är ett verktyg för WCET-analys utvecklat av en forskargrupp vid Mälardalens Högskola. PowerPC är en klassisk processorarkitektur som utvecklades av Apple, Motorola och IBM och släpptes 1991. Den har bland annat använts av Apple i äldre versioner av deras Macintosh-datorer och i TV-spelskonsoler såsom Nintendo GameCube och är stor inom inbyggda system. Tidigare har endast analys av källkod, C, varit möjlig i SWEET. Målet för detta examensarbete var att möjliggöra analys av körbara program för vilka källkoden ej är tillgänglig, Detta gjordes genom att konstruera en översättare från PowerPC-binärer till det programformat som SWEET använder för sina statiska analyser, ALF, med hjälp av tredjepartsverktyget aiT från AbsInt GmbH. Resultatet blev en med undantag för flyttalsinstruktioner komplett översättare av PowerPC-program till ALF-kod. De flesta genererade programfiler som har testats i SWEET har gett lyckat resultat. / Real-time systems put tough timing requirements on the software running on them. The programs must behave deterministically and respond within set time limits. With these demands comes a higher demand on verification tools. The goal of a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) analysis is to derive the upper bound of a program's execution time. SWEET (SWEdish Execution Time) is a tool for WCET analysis developed by a research group at Mälardalen University. PowerPC is a classic processor architecture that was developed by Apple, Motorola and IBM and was released in 1991. It has been used in older versions of Apple's Macintosh computers and in video game consoles such as the GameCube from Nintendo, and is a popular choice for embedded solutions. Previously you could only do analyses on code generated from C in SWEET. The goal of this MSC thesis was to construct a converter from PowerPC binaries to the program format that SWEET uses for its analyses, ALF, with the help of the third-party tool aiT from AbsInt GmbH. The result is a - with the exception of floating-point instructions - complete converter from PowerPC programs to ALF. Most of the generated program files have been tested within SWEET with successful results.

Older people are as diverse a group as they were as younger people. Home environments should reflect these diverse individuals' varying interests, preferences, and needs. In spite of efforts to remain independent and at home, some elderly people have to leave conventional housing and move into long-term care facilities because of factors such as mental or physical health problems or the loss of family members. Most elderly people who move into these facilities do not feel "at home" in their new living arrangements. Assisted living facilities (ALFs) have been developed as a response to these issues. The major goal of assisted living is to create a supportive social setting that elderly residents can call home. Although assisted living is the fastest growing long-term care alternative, it still needs to continually change in response to the needs of older residents and the desires and interests of family members. The purpose of this study was to examine the features that make residents feel "at home" in ALFs in Southwest Virginia and to suggest further policy and design guidelines for better quality of ALFs as a "home." For this purpose, residents' needs, experiences, and opinions of the physical environment, the social environment, and the organizational environments such as policies and programs of ALFs were identified. As a multi-site case study, I studied five ALFs in Southwest Virginia and did a cross-case analysis. In addition to face-to-face interviews with 25 residents and five administrators of five ALFs, I also conducted observations and recorded my feelings in a personal journal with document review. To analyze the data gathered in this study, I used the constant comparative method of data analysis. The respondents' age range was between 64 and 95 and the average age was 82. There were 6 males and 19 females among the respondents and most of them were widowed. They came from a wide geographic area, and most of them have lived in single-family homes for a long time. Many had children or family members nearby. Overall, the five sites selected presented homelike features showing the philosophy of assisted living which combines housing and services. Each facility was designed to be a single-family house or multi-family dwelling in outside appearance. However, the older the structure, the fewer homelike features were provided. As a whole, residents felt isolation and loneliness and they did not have active interaction with other residents because of diverse background among the residents. During meals, people had active interaction with one or two residents. However, all of them had close relationships with the staff. The staff's attitude and behavior seemed to influence greatly the residents' feeling "at home." Friends and family members also provided an important role for the residents to adjust to their new environment. Despite the provision of diverse activities by the facilities, many residents did not participate in the programs. Among the services provided, there were only a few complaints about food and mealtimes. Most of the residents agreed that the rules and regulations were fair; however, one person disagreed with the smoking rules. For the meaning of "home," many residents talked about love, fellowship, privilege, stability, and security. The administrators tried to make the residents feel "at home;" however, they mentioned the limitation of providing a real "home" for the residents due to the residents' diversity. Some categories which could contribute to the perception of ALFs as a "home" were classified by the researcher: safety and security, services and care, autonomy/privacy, independence, social life/friendship, family support, daily routine, personalization, physical environment, and management. Regardless of the type of facilities and the residents' characteristics, most of the respondents were satisfied with their current dwelling. In spite of high satisfaction with the facility, many people did not think of their current dwelling as a real "home." As the biggest difference between living in their own homes and living in the ALF, people pointed out a lack of independence, freedom, and autonomy. Moreover, they talked about the loneliness stemming from living with strangers who are not their family or friends. Residents of ALFs may have reordered their priorities in their current life situation so that safety, security, and care were more important to them than feeling "at home." Among the four factors --personal, physical, social, and organizational-- that affect the residents' perception of ALFs as a "home," many emphasized the importance of social factors such as relationships with the staff and residents, and social support from their family or friends. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 416168.pdf: 178559 bytes, checksum: 9aacac605dbfcad4a3c38f472199a56c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / O trabalho pretende analisar os procedimentos especiais de controle aduaneiro na perspectiva do princ?pio da proporcionalidade. Vistos como uma manifesta??o do poder de pol?cia administrativo, os procedimentos especiais de controle aduaneiro, previstos na Instru??o Normativa da Secretaria da Receita Federal n? 206, de 25 de setembro de 2002, destinam-se a situa??es espec?ficas, nos casos de introdu??o, no Pa?s, de mercadoria sob fundada suspeita de irregularidade pun?vel com a pena de perdimento. A validade material de normas jur?dicas implica o seu contraste com os princ?pios constitucionais aplic?veis, incluindo-se o princ?pio da proporcionalidade, por impor ? Administra??o P?blica a elei??o de medidas concretas que acarretem a menor restri??o poss?vel aos direitos individuais. Sob a ?tica do princ?pio da proporcionalidade, podem-se vislumbrar hip?teses em que a sistem?tica reten??o da mercadoria prevista nos procedimentos especiais de controle aduaneiro revela um ju?zo negativo de proporcionalidade. O pressuposto material dos "ind?cios" de infra??o cominada com o perdimento, contido na Medida Provis?ria n? 2.158-35/2001, ? normatizado de forma mais imprecisa na Instru??o Normativa SRF n? 206/2002, que trata da "fundada suspeita" de infra??o cominada com o perdimento aduaneiro. A defici?ncia normativa na elei??o dos pressupostos cautelares tamb?m decorre do fato de que a MP n? 2.158-35/2001 n?o prev? o pressuposto temporal da medida cautelar da apreens?o aduaneira, o periculum in mora. Ausente a urg?ncia, n?o se justifica a cogni??o sum?ria, que termina por afastar a adequada considera??o sobre o conflito de princ?pios jur?dicos envolvidos. Freq?entemente, o prazo de noventa dias, previsto para a apreens?o cautelar aduaneira, ultrapassa o limite de viabilidade das rela??es econ?micas, acarretando a perda do valor econ?mico da propriedade e a veda??o ? atividade econ?mica. Ainda h? a possibilidade de renova??o do prazo, por outros noventa dias, sem que se fixem crit?rios muito definidos para sua utiliza??o. Sempre que a apreens?o cautelar aduaneira prevalecer por per?odo maior que o da viabilidade comercial dos bens retidos, inexistindo ainda a constata??o da infra??o aduaneira, autoriza-se o ju?zo negativo de proporcionalidade. A incid?ncia do princ?pio da proporcionalidade no regime excepcional de pol?cia aduaneira da Instru??o Normativa SRF n? 206, de 25 de setembro de 2002, permite entrever diversas possibilidades de atua??o desproporcional do Estado, seja em face da sistem?tica apreens?o aduaneira cautelar, seja em face da imprecis?o conceitual do seu pressuposto, seja em face da aus?ncia do pressuposto cautelar temporal para a apreens?o cautelar, ou do excessivo prazo de tal apreens?o.

This thesis deals with the design and implementation of Android application development tool based on model driven software development. The first part of the thesis is focused on general software development and next part on software development based on model driven development and executable UML. In next part Android platform, methods of Android application development and existing MDD tools are described. This thesis continues with the design of my own MDD tool for the creation of Android applications. The designed tool is realized like Gradle plugin and independent development environment using thisplugin. The designed tool is based on fUML and ALF language. The features and options of development tool are demonstrated by creation of example application.