Inaug.-Diss. Phil. Bern, 1992.

<p>Background: Commerce over the Internet has exploded in recent years. For many companies it has become a necessity to offer their products overthe Internet. This new market ought to change the conditions for relations between customers and suppliers. </p><p>Purpose: Our aim is to describe and analyse the factors that influence the relations between customers and suppliers, from a customer view, when commerce is conducted over the Internet.</p><p>Delimitations: The study is limited to B2B commerce with IT-products. Methodology: The thesis is based on a study of the company IMS, their e-commerce site and organisations that buy IT-products over the Internet.</p><p>Conclusion: Internet opens up new possibilities for custom designed offers. The customers however still want a human interaction with their supplier. The degree of interaction and the demands placed on the relations depends on factors like the complexity and the economic value of the product to be purchased.</p>

Background: Commerce over the Internet has exploded in recent years. For many companies it has become a necessity to offer their products overthe Internet. This new market ought to change the conditions for relations between customers and suppliers. Purpose: Our aim is to describe and analyse the factors that influence the relations between customers and suppliers, from a customer view, when commerce is conducted over the Internet. Delimitations: The study is limited to B2B commerce with IT-products. Methodology: The thesis is based on a study of the company IMS, their e-commerce site and organisations that buy IT-products over the Internet. Conclusion: Internet opens up new possibilities for custom designed offers. The customers however still want a human interaction with their supplier. The degree of interaction and the demands placed on the relations depends on factors like the complexity and the economic value of the product to be purchased.

This thesis addresses the possibility of using a delay-on-ground concept in which flights with less than 1 hour flying time (often referred to as pop-up flights) absorb their arrival sequencing delay at the departure gate by being issued their Arrival Manager (AMAN)-scheduled time as a Required Time of Arrival (RTA) that is inserted into the Flight Management System (FMS). Due to their short duration these flights are currently often inserted into the AMAN sequence shortly before Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA) entry and thereby often need to absorb their arrival sequencing delay in the inefficient manner of airborne holding or vectoring close to the arrival airport. The literature review examines current operational procedures of AMANs and Departure Managers (DMANs), the current FMS RTA function and live trials in which the delay-on-ground concept was tested in real operations. A case study airport in Europe that has potential to benefit from the concept is identified. The performance of the delay-on-ground concept for the case study airport is then assessed by performing 180 fast-time Monte Carlo simulation runs. For each run the arrival flow to the case study airport and the departure flows from two medium-sized airports from which the pop-up flights originate are simulated. Each run represents an operational day and variations in departure/arrivals time is put into the timetables to simulate the variation in actual departure/arrival times resulting from operational factors normally encountered in day-to-day operations. An algorithm is written in Matlab to simulate an AMAN-DMAN cooperation in which pop-up flights are locked to the required departure times to meet their RTAs. It is shown that a significant reduction in airborne delay time and fuel consumption can be achieved at the case study airport by using the concept. It is also shown that it is possible to ensure that the pop-up flights depart at the required times to meet their RTAs without negatively affecting the departure sequences.

Orientador: Luziane Ferreira de Mendonça / Dissertação ( mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campionas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T15:32:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora_RogerioCarvalhoMendes_M.pdf: 4616708 bytes, checksum: 3a393a830c9e1127f5694b0a56d9fcd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Comemorando os 200 anos de Academia Militar no Brasil a partir de março de 2011, estão previstas várias implementações e melhorias na estrutura de visitação da AMAN que, consequentemente, vão gerar um aumento substancial no número de grupos visitantes no ano de seu bicentenário. Diante dos fatos percebe-se a necessidade de um modelo matemático eficiente cuja finalidade seja permitir aos grupos visitantes percorrerem trajetos otimizados, ou seja, que passem pelos pontos principais de visitação no menor tempo e distância possíveis. O modelo matemático a ser adotado neste trabalho é o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante (Traveling Salesman Problem - TSP), um clássico da Otimização Combinatória pertencente 'a classe de problemas NP - difícil, que já possui eficientes algoritmos desenvolvidos. Serão utilizadas heurísticas próprias para a resolução do TSP com o intuito de se obter numericamente itinerários ótimos de visitação, considerando os diferentes grupos visitantes e suas dificuldades de acesso, dentre outras particularidades. / Abstract: Celebrating 200 years of the Military Academy in Brazil from March 2011, provides a lot of implementations and improvements in the structure of visitation of AMAN, consequently, will generate substantial growth in the number of visiting groups in the year of its bicentennial. Given the facts we see the need for an efficient mathematical model whose purpose is to allow visitors to wander paths optimized groups, ie passing through the main points of visitation in the shortest possible time and distance. The mathematical model to be adopted in this work is TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem - TSP), a classic combinatorial optimization class of problems NP - hard, that have already efficient algorithms. We will use own heuristics for solving the TSP in order to obtain numerically optimal routes for visitors, considering the various visiting groups and their difficulties of access, among other features. / Mestrado / Mestre em Matemática

[pt] Realizou-se um estudo do Exército Brasileiro sob a perspectiva das transformações institucionais que têm se operado no seu interior nas últimas três décadas e do trabalho de conservação de valores que a Instituição Militar vem implementando no sentido de preservar seu ethos e sua identidade. A primeira parte trata da transformação como um valor, sendo analisada a família do militar como um fator que tem promovido transformações profundas na Instituição. Foi observado o fato de que a família, ao mesmo tempo em que é parte do público interno do Exército, também integra as demais instituições da sociedade mais ampla, sendo por elas influenciada. Em virtude desta posição, a família tem levado para dentro da Instituição novas ideias em transformação que pululam no mundo social exterior ao campo militar. O universo pesquisado foi o dos oficiais formados pela Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras – AMAN. Foram analisadas influências que, advindas da sociedade mais ampla, são exercidas sobre o oficial de AMAN pela via da sua família desde a sua formação, como cadete, já na escolha da Arma, e outras que interferem na qualidade do desenvolvimento da carreira que, ao ser paulatinamente modificada, promove, por sua vez, transformações na própria Instituição. Observou-se, assim, que a família militar tem realizado a interface do Exército com a sociedade mais ampla. A segunda parte trata do valor da transformação por meio do movimento de conservação empreendido pelo Exército Brasileiro no sentido de preservar suas características consideradas essenciais. Analisou-se a forma como os oficiais de AMAN se veem em face da sociedade mais ampla e os conceitos que, segundo eles, compõem o ethos militar: a tradição e a autoridade, e como estes conceitos se manifestam dentro do campo militar. Por fim, a terceira parte se constitui na síntese das duas anteriores. Discorre sobre a trajetória institucional do Exército em face dos movimentos de transformação e de conservação que configuram seu ambiente social, interno e externo; como se construiu sociologicamente em instituição e os desafios que têm sido enfrentados nestes dias de transformações galopantes. / [en] It was made an study about Brazilian Army under the perspective of institutional transformations were operated in its interior in last three decades and about que work of conservation of values what the Military Institution implemented with the goal of preserving its ethos and its identity. The first part talks about the transformation as a value, the military family has been analysed as a factor that promoted deep transformations in Institution. It was observed the fact that the family, at the same time it is part of the internal public of the Army, it also integrates the others institutions of broad society, so being influenced by them. Consequently, family conducts inside to the Institution new transformation ideas that are in the outside of military field. The sample analysed was the group of officers graduated by Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (Military Academy of Agulhas Negras) – AMAN. Influences were analysed that, coming from the broad society, were exercised over AMAN officer through his family since his formation as a cadet, as also in his combat arm choice, and others that interfere in the quality of the development of his carreer that, being progressively modified, promotes transformations in Institution itself. It was observed that, so, the family of the military has the role of an interface between Army and broad society. The second part shows the importance of the transformation through the conservation movement undertaken by the Brazilian Army for preserving its characteristics considered essential. It was analysed the way like the AMAN officers see themselves besides broad society and the concepts that, like they consider, composed the military ethos: the tradition and the authority, and how these concepts happen inside military field. The third part presents a synthesis of the two lately itens. It presents the institutional way of the Army besides the movements of transformation and conservation that realize its social environment, internal or external; how it constitutes itself sociologicaly as an institution and its challenges that were faced in these days of fast transformations.