Um dos possíveis mecanismos de desenvolvimento da fissura palatina é representado pelas anomalias congênitas da coluna vertebral. Se faz necessária a correlação dos diferentes tipos de anomalias com as fissuras de lábio e/ou palato para um melhor entendimento do fenômeno embriológico e do processo de malformação. Embora alguns achados indiquem que as anomalias de vértebras cervicais estão presentes mais freqüentemente em fissuras palatinas que em outras categorias de fissura, ou que no grupo controle, a distribuição das anomalias em relação aos tipos de fissura é pouco analisada. Desta maneira o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a prevalência das anomalias de vértebras cervicais superiores em indivíduos com e sem fissura e comparar a prevalência destas anomalias entre as amostras, bem como comparar a incidência das anomalias vertebrais entre os tipos de fissura. Foram utilizados 300 pacientes com fissura e 300 sem fissura. O presente estudo confirma a provável associação entre fissuras labiopalatinas e as anomalias cervicais. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na incidência das anomalias cervicais no grupo com fissura (38,67%) quando comparada com o grupo controle (31,00%). Concordando com os achados da literatura, a hipótese de a presença da anomalia cervical estar relacionada com a etiologia da fissura labiopalatina é provável, mas são necessários mais estudos na área. Não houve diferença significante quando foram comparados os tipos de fissura,nem quando foram comparados os sexos tanto do grupo controle e do grupo fissurado. / One of the possible mechanisms for cleft palate development is represented by the congenital anomalies of the vertebral spine. Correlation of cleft different types with associated anomalies may enhance the understanding on the embryonic phenomena and processes of malformation The studies have observed a relationship between cleft palate and vertebral anomalies. Vertebral anomalies are more often seen in cleft patients than in the control group, although the distribution of the anomalies between the cleft types is scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of upper cervical vertebrae anomalies in patients with isolated cleft lip, isolated cleft palate, complete cleft lip and palate and in non cleft patients, and compare the prevalence of these anomalies between groups and between genders. The sample was composed of 300 lateral cephalograms of patients with clefts and 300 lateral cephalograms of patients without clefts of both genders. There was statistical significant difference in the prevalence of cervical anomalies in the cleft group (38,67%) when compared with the noncleft sample (31,00%). In this way, the study confirms the probable association between clefts and cervical anomalies, but further research is needed. There were no statistical significant difference neither when the types of cleft were compared with each other nor when both sexes were compared in the two samples, control group and cleft group.

Lake sediment cores spanning the last 2000 years from four sites across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) document the responses of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems to regional climate variability. Biogenic silica (BSi) records in cores from Banks Island, NWT (Lake B503; 72.3245, -123.4036, 84 masl), Bathurst Island, Nunavut (PR01; 75.6497, -99.1144, 30 masl), Prince of Wales Island, Nunavut (SW08; 72.3177, -97.2678, 104 masl), and Ellesmere Island, Nunavut (CV03; 79.9211, -82.9348, 363 masl) were used to examine the relationship between diatom production and climate. A pollen record from Prince of Wales Island provided the first high-resolution July temperature reconstruction for the last 1000 years for the central CAA. Dissolution was evident in three out of the four lakes; core SW08 contained no BSi above detection and cores CV03 and PR01 only contained values above detection in the uppermost sediments, suggesting that the preservation of biogenic silica (BSi) in the sediment is likely influenced by sedimentary carbonates. A BSi sequence from core B503 showed that diatom production was affected by climate changes such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. The vegetation on southern Prince of Wales Island underwent marked transitions during the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly, which was mainly observed in the proportion of Cyperaceae and Poaceae. The mean July temperature reconstruction showed a long-term cooling from 1080-1915 CE with a sustained cold period from 1800-1915 CE prior to 20th-century warming. A synthesis of paleoclimate records from across the Arctic demonstrated that pollen-based reconstructions record both high and low frequency climate variability, when sampling resolution is sufficient, and can improve regional climate reconstructions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:17:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A partir do advento de novas tecnologias de diagnóstico pré-natal, passou a ser possível a identificação intra-uterina de graves anomalias fetais. Contudo, o avanço da Medicina ainda não permite, na grande maioria das vezes, a disponibilização de tratamento para essas enfermidades. Por isso, o aborto adquire um sentido diferenciado, na medida em que se coloca como a única opção disponível para amenizar o sofrimento daqueles, gestantes ou casais, que, diante da impossibilidade de sobrevivência do feto após o nascimento, afirmam não poder suportar levar a termo a gravidez. Isso se reflete também no âmbito jurídico, principalmente por meio das ações judiciais que demandam autorização para a realização do aborto. Diante da ausência de regulamentação legal da questão, a resposta tem sido dada pelo Poder Judiciário. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o de verificar quais são os discursos jurídicos proferidos sobre o tema, bem como o de compreender os significados que engendram esses mesmos discursos, dando-se es / From the advent of new technologies of prenatal diagnosis, it started to be possible the intrauterine identification of serious foetus anomalies. However, the improvement of Medicine still does not allow, most of the times, the availability of treatment for these diseases. Consequently, the abortion acquires another sense, because it leads to the only available option to reduce the suffering of the pregnants or couples, who has to face the impossibility of the foetus survival after the birth and do not consider themselves able to bear and take pregnancy to the term. This fact also reflects in the legal area, mainly considering the legal actions that demand authorization for abortion accomplishment. Because there is no legal regulation for this question, the answer has been given by the Court. The main objective of the present work is to verify what are the pronounced legal speeches regarding the subject, as well as to comprehend the meanings that are behind these speeches, giving special enfasis to the pregna

A origem e evolução da Bacia de Pelotas está diretamente relacionada com os processos tectônicos, que por sua vez, condicionam vários processos sedimentares. Assim, o estudo da compartimentação morfoestrutural é extremamente importante no seu entendimento evolutivo. O objetivo principal foi o levantamento gravimétrico terrestre da área de estudo, seu processamento e interpretação para posterior identificação de suas principais estruturas, assim como investigar a configuração morfoestrutural da porção central da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. O método do potencial gravimétrico (gravimetria) é amplamente usado na prospecção mineral, análise de bacias, e mapeamentos geológicos por causa do seu baixo custo e rapidez nos resultados e fornecem informação quanto a geologia e a delimitação de estruturas e descontinuidades geológicas, além de fornecer importantes informações a respeito do embasamento subjacente no caso de bacias sedimentares. A área de estudo escolhida para a aplicação da metodologia proposta compreende a parte emersa da Bacia de Pelotas, na região central da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, aproximadamente entre as latitudes 30° e 32°10’S e as longitudes 50°40’ e 52°40’W; situa-se em uma área que abrange os municípios costeiros do litoral médio do Rio Grande do Sul entre os municípios de São José do Norte e Palmares do Sul. O principal resultado gerado foi mapas de anomalia Bouguer e seus derivados identificando quatro setores de anomalias distintas, evidenciados por altos e baixos gravimétricos e sua possível correlação com as feições estruturais do embasamento geradas ou reativadas por rifteamento proveniente da origem da Bacia de Pelotas. Futuramente, outros métodos geofísicos podem ser utilizados e integrados para contribuir com o modelo proposto neste estudo. / The origin and evolution of the Pelotas Basin is directly related to tectonic processes, which in turn affect various sedimentary processes. Thus, the study of morphostructural compartments is extremely important in its evolution understanding. The main objective was the terrestrial gravimetric survey of the study area, its processing and interpretation for later identification of its main structures, as well as to investigate the morphostructural configuration of the middle portion of coastal plain Rio Grande do Sul. The method of gravity potential (gravity), is widely used in mineral prospecting, basin analysis, and geological mapping because of its low cost and speed of results and provide information about geology and delineation of structures and geological discontinuities, and provide essential information about the underlying basis in the case of sedimentary basins. The study area chosen for the implementation of the proposed methodology comprises the emerged part of the Pelotas Basin, in central Rio Grande do Sul coastal province, between latitudes 30° and 32°10'S and longitudes 50°4' and 52°40'W, in an area covering the coastal municipalities of the middle coast of Rio Grande do Sul State between the cities of São José do Norte and Palmares do Sul. The main results generated were Bouguer anomaly maps and derivatives by identifying four sectors of distinct anomalies highlighted by high and low gravity and its possible correlation with the structural features of the basement generated or reactivated by rifting related to Pelotas Basin origin. In the future, other geophysical methods can be used and integrated to contribute to the model suggested in this study.

Earnings have numerous properties that can be investigated, including earnings smoothness, abnormal accruals after modelling the accruals process and asymmetric timely loss and gain recognition. In latest decades, as earnings are the main source of firm-specific information for investors, earnings quality has become a significant focus in the financial accounting field. Moreover, high-quality financial reporting helps investors improve decisions and better evaluate firm performance because capital markets depend on the credibility of financial accounting information. The aim of this study investigates the impact of the mandatory adoption of IFRS on earnings quality in term of earnings management and accounting conservatism in consideration of eleven European countries (Germany, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, Belgium, Norway and the United Kingdom) as a sample study. Then to test whether investors could predict a company's future performance efficiently based on deferred tax expense as one of the accruals components before and after the mandatory adoption of IFRS. Since the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) required by the European Union (EU) Parliament, numerous research studies have examined whether earnings management has been reduced due to the mandatory adoption. Chapter two of this study examines whether the board of directors is more effective in constraining earnings management after the mandatory application of IFRS. More specifically, the study explored ways that two board characteristics, board independence and the existence of an audit committee, have impacted earnings management since 2005. The empirical results with eleven European countries (Germany, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, Belgium, Norway and the United Kingdom) showed evidence of an inverse relationship between the strength of corporate governance and the extent of earnings management. This negative association suggests that firms that apply IFRS with a high level of corporate governance standards are less likely to be involved in earnings management. This study indicates that board independence and the existence of audit committees play important and effective roles in reducing earnings management after the introduction of IFRS. The results also provide evidence that the internationally uniformed accounting regulatory framework significantly contributes to the effectiveness of the two corporate governance mechanisms. Chapter three examines the impact of the mandatory IFRS adoption on the asymmetrically timely gain and loss recognition (accounting conservatism). The findings provide evidence of the importance of the mandatory adoption of IFRS in increasing of accounting conservatism in pooled samples and separate samples. Chapter four investigates whether investors could predict a company's future performance efficiently based on deferred tax expense as one of the accruals components before and after the mandatory adoption of IFRS. Moreover, whether or not the predictions could be generalised to other European countries was examined. The results imply that an accrual anomaly exists in pooled samples before and after mandatory IFRS adoption and the study prove that deferred tax expense as a determinant factor of accounting accruals is overweighed by stocks prices before and after IFRS adoptions.

The energy density formalism (EDF) is used to investigate two problems. The EDF is a phenomenological method that incorporates as much knowledge of infinite nuclear matter as possible. In this formalism the energy of the nucleus is expressed as a functional of its density. The nucleus energy is obtained by minimizing the function, with respect to the density. In this report, the EDF is used to investigate the mercury isotope shift anomaly following the aforementioned suggestion. Specifically, nucleon densities with different degrees of central depression are generated. Energies corresponding to these densities are obtained. The density with the minimum energy is the preferred one. Based on the findings of the present work, it can be concluded that a central depression in the lighter mercury isotopes does not-appear- to be a possible explanation for the isotope shift anomaly. And the anomaly remains unresolved.

abstract: Cyber-systems and networks are the target of different types of cyber-threats and attacks, which are becoming more common, sophisticated, and damaging. Those attacks can vary in the way they are performed. However, there are similar strategies and tactics often used because they are time-proven to be effective. The motivations behind cyber-attacks play an important role in designating how attackers plan and proceed to achieve their goals. Generally, there are three categories of motivation are: political, economical, and socio-cultural motivations. These indicate that to defend against possible attacks in an enterprise environment, it is necessary to consider what makes such an enterprise environment a target. That said, we can understand what threats to consider and how to deploy the right defense system. In other words, detecting an attack depends on the defenders having a clear understanding of why they become targets and what possible attacks they should expect. For instance, attackers may preform Denial of Service (DoS), or even worse Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), with intention to cause damage to targeted organizations and prevent legitimate users from accessing their services. However, in some cases, attackers are very skilled and try to hide in a system undetected for a long period of time with the incentive to steal and collect data rather than causing damages. Nowadays, not only the variety of attack types and the way they are launched are important. However, advancement in technology is another factor to consider. Over the last decades, we have experienced various new technologies. Obviously, in the beginning, new technologies will have their own limitations before they stand out. There are a number of related technical areas whose understanding is still less than satisfactory, and in which long-term research is needed. On the other hand, these new technologies can boost the advancement of deploying security solutions and countermeasures when they are carefully adapted. That said, Software Defined Networking i(SDN), its related security threats and solutions, and its adaption in enterprise environments bring us new chances to enhance our security solutions. To reach the optimal level of deploying SDN technology in enterprise environments, it is important to consider re-evaluating current deployed security solutions in traditional networks before deploying them to SDN-based infrastructures. Although DDoS attacks are a bit sinister, there are other types of cyber-threats that are very harmful, sophisticated, and intelligent. Thus, current security defense solutions to detect DDoS cannot detect them. These kinds of attacks are complex, persistent, and stealthy, also referred to Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) which often leverage the bot control and remotely access valuable information. APT uses multiple stages to break into a network. APT is a sort of unseen, continuous and long-term penetrative network and attackers can bypass the existing security detection systems. It can modify and steal the sensitive data as well as specifically cause physical damage the target system. In this dissertation, two cyber-attack motivations are considered: sabotage, where the motive is the destruction; and information theft, where attackers aim to acquire invaluable information (customer info, business information, etc). I deal with two types of attacks (DDoS attacks and APT attacks) where DDoS attacks are classified under sabotage motivation category, and the APT attacks are classified under information theft motivation category. To detect and mitigate each of these attacks, I utilize the ease of programmability in SDN and its great platform for implementation, dynamic topology changes, decentralized network management, and ease of deploying security countermeasures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2018

abstract: Chiral symmetry and its anomalous and spontaneous breaking play an important role in particle physics, where it explains the origin of pion and hadron mass hierarchy among other things. Despite its microscopic origin chirality may also lead to observable effects in macroscopic physical systems -- relativistic plasmas made of chiral (spin-$\frac{1}{2}$) particles. Such plasmas are called \textit{chiral}. The effects include non-dissipative currents in external fields that could be present even in quasi-equilibrium, such as the chiral magnetic (CME) and separation (CSE) effects, as well as a number of inherently chiral collective modes called the chiral magnetic (CMW) and vortical (CVW) waves. Applications of chiral plasmas are truly interdisciplinary, ranging from hot plasma filling the early Universe, to dense matter in neutron stars, to electronic band structures in Dirac and Weyl semimetals, to quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions. The main focus of this dissertation is a search for traces of chiral physics in the spectrum of collective modes in chiral plasmas. I start from relativistic chiral kinetic theory and derive first- and second-order chiral hydrodynamics. Then I establish key features of an equilibrium state that describes many physical chiral systems and use it to find the full spectrum of collective modes in high-temperature and high-density cases. Finally, I consider in detail the fate of the two inherently chiral waves, namely the CMW and the CVW, and determine their detection prospects. The main results of this dissertation are the formulation of a fully covariant dissipative chiral hydrodynamics and the calculation of the spectrum of collective modes in chiral plasmas. It is found that the dissipative effects and dynamical electromagnetism play an important role in most cases. In particular, it is found that both the CMW and the CVW are heavily damped by the usual Ohmic dissipation in charged plasmas and the diffusion effects in neutral plasmas. These findings prompt a search for new physical observables in heavy-ion collisions, as well as a revision of potential applications of chiral theories in cosmology and solid-state physics. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2019

In both field theories of high energy physics and field theories of condensed matter theories anomalies have been imposing constraints and bringing up new theories. While the perturbational and local anomalies from triangle diagrams are well-developed, we follow and review two works leading to non-perturbational global anomalies both related with Atiyah-Patogi-Sieger (APS) index theorem. In the context of topological fieldtheories the APS index theorem imposes an η-invariant which adds a global anomalous e−iπη/2 to the path integral from each fermions on the boundary. In the case of Pin+ (4) this will require a multiple of 16 Majorana fermions for the global anomaly to cancel. On the other hand with Dai-Freed theorem, global ’t Hooft anomalies concerned to G symmetry group on 4-dimensional spin manifold which is also classifying space BG are studied. The existence of anomalies are related to the triviality of spin bordismgroup Ω Spin5(BG), where examples with SU(2), GSM and Zn are studied with Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence method and representation of Z n rings. Further there are extensions of spin groups from Pin, SpinZ4 and Spinc , where the anomaly cancellationconstraint of 16 fermions per generation from Spin Z 4 (4) is related to that of Pin + (4) in topological superconductor. A possible candidate of Z4 charge named B − L charge or X charge from several commutative breaking patterns of Spin(10) GUT is briefly discussed with Pati-Salam model and R ⊗ C ⊗ H ⊗ O.

Recent literature has reported the use of entropy measurements for anomaly detection purposes in IP data streams. Space efficient randomized algorithms for estimating entropy of data streams are available in the literature. However no hardware implementation of these algorithms is available. The main challenge to software implementation for IP data streams has been in storing large volumes of data, along with, the requirement of high speed at which they have to be analyzed. In this thesis, a recent randomized algorithm available in the literature is analyzed for hardware implementation. Software/hardware simulations indicate it is possible to implement a large portion of the algorithm on a low cost Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA with trade-offs for real-time operation. The thesis reports on the feasibility of this algorithm's FPGA implementation and the corresponding trade-offs and limitations.