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Perched water zones have been identified in the fractured, welded tuff in the semiarid to arid environments of Yucca Mountain, Nevada and near Superior, Arizona. An understanding of the formation of such zones is necessary in order to predict where future perched water might form at Yucca Mountain, the proposed site of a high-level nuclear waste repository. The formation or growth of a perched zone above a repository is one factor of the factors to be considered in the risk assessment of the Yucca Mountain site. The Apache Leap Research Site (ALRS) near Superior, Arizona is a natural analog to the Yucca Mountain site in terms of geology, hydrology, and climate. Perched water has been identified over an area of at least 16 km² in the Apache Leap Tuff, a mid- Miocene fractured, welded ash-flow tuff. A primary goal of this investigation was to characterize the physical and hydrologic properties of the tuff in the region above and including the perched zone, and to evaluate those characteristics to develop a model for a perching mechanism in the tuff. A second goal was to determine what fraction of water entering a watershed reaches the subsurface, to potentially recharge the perched zone. The Apache Leap Tuff has been subject to considerable devitrification and vapor phase crystallization, which dominate the character of the rock. With depth to the perched zone, pumice fragments become increasingly flattened and segregated; the pumice fragments are the primary locations of porosity in the rock, therefore porosity also becomes greatly reduced with depth, to the extent that the rock matrix is virtually impermeable at the perched water zone. Fractures are the primary pathways by which water moves through the rock; fracture hydraulic conductivity values were determined to be nine orders of magnitude greater than measured matrix hydraulic conductivity at the perched zone. An increase in fracture filling by silica mineralization beneath the perched zone reduces the secondary permeability, enhancing the formation of perched water. Thus, the primary mechanisms for the formation of the perched zone include fracture flow bringing water into the subsurface, combined with extremely low matrix hydraulic conductivity at depth, and reduced secondary permeability by filled fractures and lower fracture density. Water budgets were calculated for two years in a 51.4-ha watershed. Direct measurements were made of precipitation and runoff', evapotranspiration was both directly measured, and modeled based on measurement of a number of weather parameters. Infiltration was calculated as the residual of precipitation after runoff and evapotranspiration were removed. Infiltration was determined to be less than 10% of the annual water budget; evapotranspiration removes on the order of 90% of precipitation on an annual basis.

隨著電子商務的蓬勃發展，不論是使用者或是服務提供者，對於系統的可靠度(reliability)，越來越為重視，從『能提供服務就好』，到要能提供『不間斷的服務』。這中間的轉變，推動了目前許多系統架構或產品運用在電子商務的領域。小從磁碟陣列(RAID)、資料庫鏡像(Database Mirror)、叢集(Cluster)架構，異地備援(Disaster Recovery Site)，大到企業永續運作計畫(Business Continuity Planning-BCP)的一環，都在尋求一個高可靠度的電子交易系統。 所謂高可靠度的系統，必須能夠在相對長的時間週期內，系統可以持續運作而不中斷，這個概念，同時也意味著系統異常時的恢復能力，以及容錯的機制。換句話說，就是當系統面臨異常或是災害發生時，如何能在最短的時間內恢復系統的正常運作，繼續提供使用者相同的服務。因此提高系統的可靠度，對使用者的具體意義而言，即是提高其服務的可用度(availability)。 本論文的研究，即運用Apache下自由軟體Zookeeper所提供的協調服務，設計一套透過傳播監控(propagation monitor)來達到容錯機制的對稱式多主機架構，使得系統即使在面對異常狀況發生時，仍能迅速恢復系統應有的功能，提供使用者不間斷的服務。並且利用免費的資料庫管理軟體-MariaDB來儲存及操作資料，以低廉的成本，建置具高可靠度的電子交易系統。 / Due to the blooming development of electronic commerce (E-Commerce) , both users and service providers put more and more emphasis on system reliability. Thus uninterrupted service has become the basic requirement of E-Commerce systems, which now have all adopted some highly avaialable system architectures and advanced products such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), Database Mirror, Cluster architecture, Disaster Recovery Site(DR Site). Many E-Commerce vendors also prepare Business Continuity Planning(BCP) for a highly reliable electronic trading system. The so-called high reliability systems must continue to operate without interruption in a relatively long period of time, and this concept also means the requirements of abnormal system resilience and the mechanism of fault tolerance. In other words, when the system is confronted with abnormal situations or disaster occurs, it is critical about how to restore the normal functioning of the system to continue to provide users with the same level of services in the shortest possible time, thereby increasing the reliability of the system in terms of the user's specific meaning, that is, to improve its service availability. This thesis applies the coordination service provided by Zookeeper to develop a propagation monitor mechanism and a symmetrical multi-host fault-tolerant system architecture, making the system work even in the face of an abnormal situation. Indeed, the system should be able to quickly restore its functions, providing users uninterrupted service. Besides, we use the free database management software-MariaDB to store and operate the system data. Therefore, we are able to build a low-cost yet highly available electronic trading system.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-05T12:36:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - PDF.pdf: 2251235 bytes, checksum: d623bcf1a9c6bdbd9fbc0e04aed9e8ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T12:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - PDF.pdf: 2251235 bytes, checksum: d623bcf1a9c6bdbd9fbc0e04aed9e8ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / Referencial: A população mundial tem mostrado um crescente aumento no número de pessoas idosas nas últimas décadas. Pacientes idosos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) apresentam taxas de mortalidade e custos elevados. A mortalidade em curto prazo tem sido relacionada à gravidade da doença de base aferida através de escores, que fornecem parâmetros para o acompanhamento clínico e prognóstico do paciente. Entre esses escores destacam-se o Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) e o Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3), amplamente utilizados. A avaliação do prognóstico dos pacientes idosos internados em UTIs é necessária, pois permite melhorar o cuidado com esses pacientes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade e comparar os escores APACHE II e SAPS 3 em pacientes idosos internados em UTI. Métodos: Foram consecutivamente acompanhados 174 pacientes idosos internados em um período de doze meses na UTI. Foram analisados adicionalmente ao APACHE II e SAPS 3 como possíveis fatores associados à mortalidade a presença de hiperglicemia de estresse, a necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva, a presença de insuficiência renal aguda, o nível de consciência rebaixado e o uso de vasopressores. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes e entrevista com os familiares e as informações foram inseridas em ficha padrão com as variáveis necessárias ao estudo e aferição dos escores APACHE II e SAPS 3. Os desfechos estudados foram óbito e alta hospitalar. Resultados: A mortalidade na UTI e hospitalar (UTI e após alta da UTI) da população estudada foi, respectivamente, de 17,8% e 29,8%. A análise multivariada mostrou que a Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva (VMI), Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) e Pressão Arterial Média (PAM) foram fatores associados positivamente ao SAPS 3 e VMI e DPOC foram fatores associados positivamente ao APACHE II na predição de óbito hospitalar. O APACHE II e o SAPS 3 tiveram médias de 19,1 e 43,6 pontos, respectivamente. O estudo demonstrou que o APACHE II e o SAPS 3 apresentaram aceitável discriminação, calibração adequada e a mortalidade observada foi maior que a predita. Conclusão: Nos pacientes idosos internados na UTI, necessidade de VMI, portadores de DPOC e PAM < 70 mmHg foram preditores de pior evolução hospitalar. O desempenho do APACHE II foi semelhante ao do SAPS 3 em pacientes idosos internados em UTI. / Reference: The world's population has shown a steady increase in the number of older people in recent decades. Older patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) present high mortality rates and costs. Short-term mortality has been related to the severity of the baseline disease measured by scores that provide parameters for clinical monitoring and prognosis. Among those scores stand out from the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3), widely used. The evaluation of the prognosis of ICU elderly patients is necessary because it allows better care for these patients. The objectives of this study were to identify the associated factors with mortality and compare the APACHE II and SAPS 3 in elderly patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: We consecutively followed 174 elderly patients admitted to a period of twelve months in the ICU. We additionally analyzed the APACHE II and SAPS 3 as possible factors associated with mortality in the presence of stress hyperglycemia, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, acute renal failure, lowered level of consciousness and the use of vasopressors. Data collection was performed by analyzing patients' records and interviews with family members and the information was entered in standard form with the variables needed to study and measurement of APACHE II and SAPS 3. The outcomes studied were death and hospital discharge. Results: Mortality in the ICU and hospital (ICU and after discharge from the ICU) of the study population was, respectively, 17.8% and 29.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that Invasive mechanical ventilation (IVM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) were factors positively associated to the SAPS 3 and IVM and COPD were factors positively associated to the APACHE II in hospital mortality prediction. The APACHE II and SAPS 3 had averages of 19.1 and 43.6 points respectively. The study showed that the APACHE II and SAPS 3 had acceptable discrimination, proper calibration and observed mortality was higher than predicted. Conclusion: In elderly patients admitted to the ICU, need for IMV, COPD and MAP <70 mmHg were predictive of worse hospital outcomes. The performance of the APACHE II was similar to the SAPS 3 in elderly patients admitted to the ICU.

This diploma thesis is focused on the automatization of digitization workflow in the National Library of Technology, Prague, Czech Republic. This thesis examines possibilities of digitization processes automatization by means of scripts written in Perl programming language and Apache Ant build tool. The advantages and disadvantages of both solutions are analyzed as well as their suitability for automatization of digitization workflow. Based on the comparison of both solutions, the scripts in Perl programming language are selected as the most suitable solution for automatization of digitization workflow. The question whether Ant build tool could be used for the purpose of automatization of digitization workflow is also answered in this thesis. The Ant build tool could be used for the above-mentioned purpose. However, once the activities in the given process divert from the general scope of tasks provided by the Ant build tool, the complexity of the whole solution increases rapidly. This complexity is given by the necessity to use predefined tasks -- sets of functions which have to be combined to create a functional automatization script. Even though Ant is an extendable tool, it is necessary to understand the Java programming language in order to create a new Ant task successfully. On the other hand, the Perl programming language allows easier customization of the script for the purposes of automatization of digitization workflow. Also, the modularity of the Perl programming language makes it easier to create those scripts and modify, correct or develop them even further.

This master's thesis deals with Big data processing in distributed system Apache Spark using tools, which allow remotely entry and execution of Spark tasks through web inter- face. Author describes the environment of Spark in the first part, in the next he focuses on the Apache Livy project, which offers REST API to run Spark tasks. Contemporary solutions that allow interactive data analysis are presented. Author further describes his own application design for interactive entry and launch of Spark tasks using graph repre- sentation of them. Author further describes the web part of the application as well as the server part of the application. In next section author presents the implementation of both parts and, last but not least, the demonstration of the result achieved on a typical task. The created application provides an intuitive interface for comfortable working with the Apache Spark environment, creating custom components, and also a number of other options that are standard in today's web applications.

This master thesis deals with proposal of design and demonstration of possible integration between Nation Subsidies Information System 2016 (ISND) and future solutions Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) Agribus and process platform Business Process Management (BPM) Agribus. There is performed an analysis of requirements for ESB AgriBus and BPM AgriBus. For the implementation of ESB AgriBus is used Apache ServiceMix. Furthermore, this thesis deals with a proposal of improvements of the current solution of ISND, which are required to perform new role in the ESB AgriBus. The possibility of the integration between ISND and ESB AgriBus is demonstrated on a model business process of application for grants.

Examensarbetet går igenom vanliga säkerhetsrisker med publika API:er och ger information om IIS, Apache, Nginx, OAuth 2.0 och några av deras säkerhetsmoduler som kan implementeras. IIS och Apache har inbyggda hanteringsprocesser för att motverka ”Distributed-Denial-of-Service” (DDoS) attacker som jämförs med varandra utifrån analys av en befintlig rapport som testar två olika DDoS attacktyper. Säkerhetslösningarnas autentiseringsmoduler bryts ner i olika verifieringsprocesser, där det framkommer att verifieringsprocesserna har en gemensam svaghet mot ”Man-in-The-Middle” (MitM) attacker. Rapporten går in djupare hur man kan skydda sig mot MitM attacker med bra krypteringsprotokoll, ”Transport Layer Security” (TLS), samt undersöker den nyaste versionen TLS 1.3 / The thesis examines common security risks with public APIs and provides information about IIS, Apache, Nginx and OAuth 2.0 and some of the security modules they provide that can be implemented. IIS and Apache have builtin modules for handling Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks that are compared against eachother through analyzing a existing report that tests two different DDoS attack types. The security solutions authentication modules are broken down into different types of verification processes, where it comes forth that the processes share a common security risk against Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks. The report goes through how you can protect against MitM attacks with secure encryption protocols, Transport Layer Security (TLS), and analyzes the newest version TLS 1.3.

Idag ser man ett ökat intresset för applikationsutveckling. Den hybrida applikationsutvecklingen är något företag inte kan se förbi längre då dess fördelar väger tungt. Fördelarna med hybrida applikationer är bland annat det faktum att de använder en kodbas för flera plattformar. Detta i sin tur leder till en kraftig tids- och resursbesparing under utvecklingsfasen. De två hybrida ramverken som valts ut i ett jämförande syfte är Apache Cordova och Flutter, och syftet är att identifiera vilket ramverk presterar bäst ur ett prestandaperspektiv. Den frågeställning som besvaras i studien är: Vilket ramverk för att skapa en hybrid applikation av Apache Cordova och Flutter, är att rekommendera ur ett prestandaperspektiv? Studien mäter prestandarelaterade variabler, dessa är exekveringshastighet, uppstartstid, CPU-, RAM- och batterianvändning. Studien gör detta genom skapandet av två funktionellt identiska applikationer i respektive ramverk. Datainsamlingen görs genom Android Profiler, Logcat samt egen implementerad kod. Resultatet presenterar mätningar i respektive prestandarelaterad variabel. Det som redovisas i det totala resultatet visar på att Flutter är det ramverk som presterar snabbare men även är det ramverk som har en högre resursanvändning. / Today we see an increased trend around the interest in application development, and in our society there are over three billion smartphone users. Hybrid application development is something companies can no longer overlook because the benefits weigh heavily. The benefits with hybrid applications include the fact that it uses a multi-platform code base. This in turn leads to a significant saving of time and resources during the development process. The two hybrid frameworks chosen for a comparative purpose are Apache Cordova and Flutter, and the purpose is to identify which framework performs the best out of a performance perspective. The question answered in the study is: What framework for creating a hybrid application between Apache Cordova and Flutter, is recommended out of a performance perspective? The study measures performance-related variables, these are execution speed, start-up time, CPU, RAM and battery usage. The study does this by creating two functionally identical applications in each framework. Data collection takes place via Android Profiler, Logcat and own implemented code. The result shows measurements in each performance-related variable. Not only does the overall results show that Flutter is the faster performing framework but also the framework with a higher use of resources.