A finalidade da apicetomia é eliminar as ramificações do sistema de canais radiculares, assim como dar acesso ao canal radicular e estabelecer um selamento apical. Este estudo avaliou, ex vivo, a topografia da região apical de dentes ânterosuperiores e a influência da extensão da apicetomia na eliminação das foraminas acessórias. Foram selecionados cinqüenta dentes, inicialmente analisados no microscópio clínico (MC), em aumento de 32 vezes. Foi observada e registrada a quantidade de foraminas. Em seguida, as raízes foram preparadas para o exame no microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), em um aumento de 35 vezes. Pelas fotomicrografias obtidas, foram avaliados e mensurados o formato, o diâmetro, a localização e a distância do forame apical e foraminas acessórias ao ápice anatômico. Também foi registrado o número de foraminas acessórias existente e comparada a detecção dessas entre o MC e o MEV. Após o primeiro exame, as raízes foram seccionados a 1 mm do ápice anatômico, em um ângulo de 90º, em máquina de corte, em baixa velocidade e irrigação contínua. Os espécimes passaram novamente pelo preparo para a avaliação em MEV e levados para sua segunda análise. Nesta etapa, foi observada a quantidade de foraminas remanescentes na região mais apical do segmento. O procedimento foi repetido com a secção da raiz a 2 e 3 mm do ápice. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e o cálculo da porcentagem de eliminação das foraminas em cada milímetro seccionado A posição cêntrica do forame apical foi a mais frequente nos incisivos, e nos caninos foi a posição distovestibular. A média da distância do forame principal ao ápice anatômico foi 0,85 mm. A média do maior e menor diâmetro do forame apical foi 0,38 e 0,29 mm. O formato do forame apical mais prevalente foi o oval, enquanto que nas foraminas acessórias foi o circular. As foraminas acessórias foram mais frequentes nos caninos. Todas localizaram-se até 1,5 mm do ápice anatômico e a média do menor e maior diâmetro variou entre 0,06 mm e 0,17 mm. A apicetomia a 1 mm foi suficiente para a eliminação de 100% das foraminas acessórias nos incisivos centrais, enquanto nos incisivos laterais e caninos foi a extensão de 3 mm. O uso do microscópio clínico foi capaz de identificar 77% dos forames e foraminas presentes. / The aim of apical surgery is to remove the root canal system ramifications, to Access to the root canal and place an apical seal. This ex vivo study evaluated the root apex topography of maxillary anterior teeth. The influence of the root end resection level to remove the acessory foramina was also assessed. Fifty maxillary anterior teeth were evaluated using an operating microscope (OM), at a magnification of 32x and the number of apical foraminal opening was recorded. Then, the roots were prepared for scanning electron microscope analyses (SEM), at a magnification of 35x. The shape, diameter, location and distance between the apical foramen and anatomical apex were evalueted in the photomicrographes. The number of accessory foramina was investigated using both OM and SEM, and these analyses were compared. After this procedure, the root apices were sectioned using na Isomet saw at the lowest speed setting and continuous water at 1 mm from the anatomical apex with 0º bevel. The specimens were prepared for SEM evaluation. In this stage, the number of extra foramina in the apical segment were registered. This procedure was repeated at the 2 and 3 mm level and the percentage of root canal ramifications removal was tabulated. The central position of major apical foramen was found in the incisor group and the distobuccal position was found in the canine group. The mean of the distance between apical foramen and anatomical apex were 0,85 mm. The mean of the narrow and wide apical foramen diameters was 0,38 and 0,29 mm. The most common foramen shape was oval, whilst in the accessory foraminas was round. The highest frequency of acessory foramina was observed in the canine group. All the accessory foramina were located until 1,5 mm from anatomical apex and the mean of the narrow and wide diameters were between 0,06 and 0,17 mm. The operating microscope was able to identify 77% of the existing foramens. The apicoectomy was capable to remove 100% of existing accessory foraminas of the central incisors at the 1 mm level, whilst in the lateral incisors and canines was necessary a 3 mm level.

Orientador: Giuliana Aparecida Santini Pigatto / Coorientador: Gessuir Pigatto / Resumo: O segmento de produtos Specialty Foods vem ganhando reconhecimento nos mercados globais, por apresentar atributos cada vez mais demandados pelos consumidores. Nessa perspectiva, esse segmento vem se caracterizando como uma oportunidade de atuação de organizações produtoras brasileiras que desejam acessar mercados internacionais, tendo em vista o potencial do Brasil na produção e exportação de alimentos, e as ações da Agência Brasileira de Promoção de Exportações e Investimentos (Apex-Brasil), no desenvolvimento dos projetos setoriais para promoção internacional de empresas exportadoras. Nesse aspecto, e levando-se em conta as peculiaridades de se acessar os mercados internacionais, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o processo de internacionalização das organizações e instituições vinculadas aos projetos setoriais da Apex-Brasil na categoria de produtos Specialty Foods. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujos objetivos foram descritivos. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram o desenvolvimento teórico abordando questões ligadas à internacionalização de empresas, do marketing internacional e do papel da esfera pública nesse processo; a pesquisa de campo, com profissionais da instituição Apex-Brasil e uma Associação, e estudos de casos com cinco empresas do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que a estratégia utilizada pelas empresas tem sido o modelo de exportação direta, justificada pela vantagem de controle sobre as atividades de exp... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Specialty Foods product segment has been gaining recognition in global markets because of the increasingly demanding attributes of consumers. In this perspective, this segment has been characterized as an opportunity for Brazilian producer organizations wishing to access international markets, in reason of Brazil's potential in the production and export of food, and the actions of the Brazilian Agency for the Promotion of Exports and Investments (Apex-Brasil), in the development of sectoral projects for the international promotion of export companies. In this regard, and taking into account the peculiarities of accessing international markets, the objective of this work was to analyze the internationalization organizations process and institutions linked to Apex-Brasil's sectorial projects in the category of Specialty Foods products. For that, a qualitative research was used, whose objectives were descriptive. The methodological procedures involved the theoretical development addressing issues related to the internationalization of companies, international marketing and the role of the public sphere in this process; the field research, with professionals from the Apex-Brazil institution and an Association, and case studies with five companies from the state of São Paulo. The results indicated that the strategy used by the companies has been the direct export model, justified by the advantage of control of the export activities. It was identified that the marketing environment has a strong impact on the strategic planning of the companies, challenging them in the adaptation and innovation of strategies to be more competitive in the markets, having as booster the cultural force. In relation to the access barriers, companies are subject to sanitary and phytosanitary barriers due to the category of food products as well as technical and environmental barriers. In relation to the actions of Apex-Brasil [...]. / Mestre

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of treatment of teeth with open apices managed by the orthograde placement of a bioceramic apical barrier as well as to identify potential outcome factors for this type of treatment. Methods: Patient records were pooled from graduate resident cases completed at Virginia Commonwealth University between January 1, 2010 and May 31, 2018. A total of 515 patients were identified using relevant ADA codes and a key word search within the patient record database. A total of 104 patients (119 teeth) had an open apex that had NSRCT utilizing a bioceramic apical barrier, with 32 of the patients (36 teeth) returning for follow-up. Results: Of the 36 examined teeth (30.8% recall rate),72% were considered healed. 92% were considered healed or healing. No predictive variable analyzed had a significant effect on the outcome. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that a bioceramic apical barrier technique is a promising treatment option for obturating teeth with open apices during NSRCT.

Les pectines de la paroi cellulaire végétale sont impliquées dans un grand nombre de processus physiologiques. Toutefois, la fonction exacte des pectines - au niveau structurel comme dans le contexte de la biologie et du développement cellulaire - est toujours un sujet de controverses. D’autre part, des observations soulèvent la question du rôle des fragments pectiques dans le contrôle de la floraison (Marfà et al., 1991) et les changements de communication intercellulaire observés au sein du méristème apical lors de la transition florale (Ormenese et al., 2000, 2002) impliquent des modifications biochimiques de la structure de la paroi cellulaire. Comme décrit par Liners et al. (1994), nous avons étudié par immunocytochimie (microscopie électronique et confocale) la nature, la localisation et le contenu en pectines dans des méristèmes de plantes de Sinapis en conditions végétatives ainsi que lors de la transition florale. Une diminution importante mais transitoire du contenu en homogalacturonanes de la paroi cellulaire est observée au cours des premières heures de la transition florale. Cette diminution du contenu en pectines doit être la conséquence d’une libération d’enzymes pectolytiques dont les pectine méthylestérases (PME) au niveau du méristème. Afin d’étudier l’expression des PME dans le méristème lors de la transition florale, nous avons produit et caractérisé un polysérum contre un zone extrêmement conservée des gènes de PME de S. alba./Immunocytochemical study of pectins and pectin modifications at floral transition in meristems of Sinapis alba L. By Stéphanie Sobry Abstract : Plant cell wall pectins are implicated in a large number of physiological processes. However, the exact functions of pectins – at a structural level as well as in the context of cell biology and development - are still debatable. On the other hand, observations raise the question as to whether pectic fragments are involved in the in vivo control of flowering (Marfà et al., 1991) and communication changes between the cells of the apical meristem in floral transition (Ormenese et al., 2000, 2002) imply biochemical modifications of the cell wall structure. Using immunocytochemistry (electron and confocal as described in Liners et al. (1994), we studied the nature, localization and content of pectins in meristems of Sinapis in vegetative plants and at floral transition. A marked but transient decrease of the homopolygalacturonic content of the cell wall occurs in the first hours of the transition to flowering. This pectin content decrease must be due to the release of pectolytic enzymes like pectin methylesterase (PME) in the meristem. To study PME expression in the meristem at floral transition, we raised and characterized polyclonal antibodies to highly conserved sequences of S. alba PME genes.

Submitted by Luciana Cristina Leite (luciana.leite@etec.sp.gov.br) on 2018-06-06T19:15:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_LC_Specialty Foods_PGAD_Unesp.pdf: 2399189 bytes, checksum: 7231363a289cebcb70c13992708dee26 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliana Katia Pupim (katiapupim@tupa.unesp.br) on 2018-06-11T14:29:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_lc_me_tupa.pdf: 2209116 bytes, checksum: c93aeabee3cd99bbb84447d9f03ae85f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T14:29:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_lc_me_tupa.pdf: 2209116 bytes, checksum: c93aeabee3cd99bbb84447d9f03ae85f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / O segmento de produtos Specialty Foods vem ganhando reconhecimento nos mercados globais, por apresentar atributos cada vez mais demandados pelos consumidores. Nessa perspectiva, esse segmento vem se caracterizando como uma oportunidade de atuação de organizações produtoras brasileiras que desejam acessar mercados internacionais, tendo em vista o potencial do Brasil na produção e exportação de alimentos, e as ações da Agência Brasileira de Promoção de Exportações e Investimentos (Apex-Brasil), no desenvolvimento dos projetos setoriais para promoção internacional de empresas exportadoras. Nesse aspecto, e levando-se em conta as peculiaridades de se acessar os mercados internacionais, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o processo de internacionalização das organizações e instituições vinculadas aos projetos setoriais da Apex-Brasil na categoria de produtos Specialty Foods. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujos objetivos foram descritivos. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram o desenvolvimento teórico abordando questões ligadas à internacionalização de empresas, do marketing internacional e do papel da esfera pública nesse processo; a pesquisa de campo, com profissionais da instituição Apex-Brasil e uma Associação, e estudos de casos com cinco empresas do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que a estratégia utilizada pelas empresas tem sido o modelo de exportação direta, justificada pela vantagem de controle sobre as atividades de exportação. Identificou-se que o ambiente de marketing tem forte impacto no planejamento estratégico das empresas, desafiando-as na adaptação e inovação de estratégias para serem mais competitivas nos mercados, tendo como impulsionador a força cultural. Em relação a barreiras de acesso, as empresas estão sujeitas às barreiras sanitárias e fitossanitárias, devido à categoria de produtos alimentícios e também às barreiras técnicas e ambientais. Em relação às ações da Apex-Brasil e da Associação Setorial ABBA, constatou-se as ações de promoção comercial implicaram em aperfeiçoamentos relevantes para as empresas em seu processo internacionalização, assim como ampliaram as oportunidades de atuação no mercado dos Estados Unidos, em termos de Specialty Foods. Limitações da pesquisa, bem como as contribuições e sugestões de direcionamento de novas pesquisas, com o intuito de progredir nos estudos sobre agências de promoção comercial, no âmbito das empresas e das ações da Agência em diferentes mercados são apresentados nas considerações finais. / The Specialty Foods product segment has been gaining recognition in global markets because of the increasingly demanding attributes of consumers. In this perspective, this segment has been characterized as an opportunity for Brazilian producer organizations wishing to access international markets, in reason of Brazil's potential in the production and export of food, and the actions of the Brazilian Agency for the Promotion of Exports and Investments (Apex-Brasil), in the development of sectoral projects for the international promotion of export companies. In this regard, and taking into account the peculiarities of accessing international markets, the objective of this work was to analyze the internationalization organizations process and institutions linked to Apex-Brasil's sectorial projects in the category of Specialty Foods products. For that, a qualitative research was used, whose objectives were descriptive. The methodological procedures involved the theoretical development addressing issues related to the internationalization of companies, international marketing and the role of the public sphere in this process; the field research, with professionals from the Apex-Brazil institution and an Association, and case studies with five companies from the state of São Paulo. The results indicated that the strategy used by the companies has been the direct export model, justified by the advantage of control of the export activities. It was identified that the marketing environment has a strong impact on the strategic planning of the companies, challenging them in the adaptation and innovation of strategies to be more competitive in the markets, having as booster the cultural force. In relation to the access barriers, companies are subject to sanitary and phytosanitary barriers due to the category of food products as well as technical and environmental barriers. In relation to the actions of Apex-Brasil and the ABBA Sectorial Association, it was found that the commercial promotion actions implied in relevant improvements for the companies in their internationalization process, as well as expanded opportunities in the United States market in terms of Specialty Foods. Limitations of the research, as well as the contributions and suggestions for the direction of new research, in order to progress in the studies on commercial promotion agencies, within the scope of the companies and the actions of the Agency in different markets are presented in the final considerations.

A finalidade da apicetomia é eliminar as ramificações do sistema de canais radiculares, assim como dar acesso ao canal radicular e estabelecer um selamento apical. Este estudo avaliou, ex vivo, a topografia da região apical de dentes ânterosuperiores e a influência da extensão da apicetomia na eliminação das foraminas acessórias. Foram selecionados cinqüenta dentes, inicialmente analisados no microscópio clínico (MC), em aumento de 32 vezes. Foi observada e registrada a quantidade de foraminas. Em seguida, as raízes foram preparadas para o exame no microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), em um aumento de 35 vezes. Pelas fotomicrografias obtidas, foram avaliados e mensurados o formato, o diâmetro, a localização e a distância do forame apical e foraminas acessórias ao ápice anatômico. Também foi registrado o número de foraminas acessórias existente e comparada a detecção dessas entre o MC e o MEV. Após o primeiro exame, as raízes foram seccionados a 1 mm do ápice anatômico, em um ângulo de 90º, em máquina de corte, em baixa velocidade e irrigação contínua. Os espécimes passaram novamente pelo preparo para a avaliação em MEV e levados para sua segunda análise. Nesta etapa, foi observada a quantidade de foraminas remanescentes na região mais apical do segmento. O procedimento foi repetido com a secção da raiz a 2 e 3 mm do ápice. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e o cálculo da porcentagem de eliminação das foraminas em cada milímetro seccionado A posição cêntrica do forame apical foi a mais frequente nos incisivos, e nos caninos foi a posição distovestibular. A média da distância do forame principal ao ápice anatômico foi 0,85 mm. A média do maior e menor diâmetro do forame apical foi 0,38 e 0,29 mm. O formato do forame apical mais prevalente foi o oval, enquanto que nas foraminas acessórias foi o circular. As foraminas acessórias foram mais frequentes nos caninos. Todas localizaram-se até 1,5 mm do ápice anatômico e a média do menor e maior diâmetro variou entre 0,06 mm e 0,17 mm. A apicetomia a 1 mm foi suficiente para a eliminação de 100% das foraminas acessórias nos incisivos centrais, enquanto nos incisivos laterais e caninos foi a extensão de 3 mm. O uso do microscópio clínico foi capaz de identificar 77% dos forames e foraminas presentes. / The aim of apical surgery is to remove the root canal system ramifications, to Access to the root canal and place an apical seal. This ex vivo study evaluated the root apex topography of maxillary anterior teeth. The influence of the root end resection level to remove the acessory foramina was also assessed. Fifty maxillary anterior teeth were evaluated using an operating microscope (OM), at a magnification of 32x and the number of apical foraminal opening was recorded. Then, the roots were prepared for scanning electron microscope analyses (SEM), at a magnification of 35x. The shape, diameter, location and distance between the apical foramen and anatomical apex were evalueted in the photomicrographes. The number of accessory foramina was investigated using both OM and SEM, and these analyses were compared. After this procedure, the root apices were sectioned using na Isomet saw at the lowest speed setting and continuous water at 1 mm from the anatomical apex with 0º bevel. The specimens were prepared for SEM evaluation. In this stage, the number of extra foramina in the apical segment were registered. This procedure was repeated at the 2 and 3 mm level and the percentage of root canal ramifications removal was tabulated. The central position of major apical foramen was found in the incisor group and the distobuccal position was found in the canine group. The mean of the distance between apical foramen and anatomical apex were 0,85 mm. The mean of the narrow and wide apical foramen diameters was 0,38 and 0,29 mm. The most common foramen shape was oval, whilst in the accessory foraminas was round. The highest frequency of acessory foramina was observed in the canine group. All the accessory foramina were located until 1,5 mm from anatomical apex and the mean of the narrow and wide diameters were between 0,06 and 0,17 mm. The operating microscope was able to identify 77% of the existing foramens. The apicoectomy was capable to remove 100% of existing accessory foraminas of the central incisors at the 1 mm level, whilst in the lateral incisors and canines was necessary a 3 mm level.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Introduction: One of the challenges of non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) is determining the working length of the canal which indicates the exact end point of root canal preparation and obturation. The development of the Electronic Apex Locator (EAL) has helped the clinician to determine the location of the apical foramen, and hence the working length, when performing NSRCT. Objective: The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the accuracy of a new EAL, the E-PEX (Changzhou Eighteeth Medical Technology Co., China), and compare it to a commonly used EAL, the Root ZX II (J. Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan), for determining the location of the apical foramen. Materials and Methods: Twenty extracted single rooted teeth were used in this study. The crowns were removed and the distance from a coronal reference point to the apical foramen was measured utilizing a k-file and direct visualization under magnification. Teeth were then mounted in alginate and measurements for the apical foramen were made using the Root ZX II and the E-PEX. The difference between the actual canal length and the electronic length was then calculated and compared. Results: The mean true difference was -0.20, and -0.19 for the E-PEX and Root ZX II respectively. The mean absolute difference was 0.28, and 0.26 for the E-PEX and Root ZX II respectively. Paired t-tests done separately for true differences (p = 0.45) and absolute differences (p = 0.21) showed no significant difference among EALs. The percentage of measurements falling within 0.5 mm of the actual canal lengths for each EAL were 95% and 90% for the E-PEX and Root ZX II respectively. McNemar’s test was used to compare between the two test methods for the percentage within 0.5 mm and revealed no significant difference (p = 0.32). Conclusion: The Root ZX II had an average measurement that was slightly closer to the actual length of the canal when compared to the E-PEX, while the E-PEX had a higher percentage of measurement within 0.5 mm of the apical foramen. However, these differences were not statistically significant.

This study aims to look at multiple modern first person shooter games communitiesto see how their perception of gunplay may be similar or differ from one another.The study uses Toh’s (2016) model for players' feelings towards their primaryweapons to form a questionnaire, the questionnaire is based upon previous researchwithin appraisal theory, player goals , and players feelings. The questionnaire wasthen sent out to Apex Legends, Call of Duty: Warzone and Rainbow Six: Siegecommunities to gather their perception of weapon attributes and their effects onplayers. After analysis of the data similarities and differences were found withinspecific weapon attributes that showed how the communities valued variousweapon attributes. Call of Duty: Warzone focused more on lowering time to kill, whileRainbow Six: Siege focused more on being able to accurately breach and hold offenemies in close engagments. Using background research a possible way to showgame developers how to increase a player's play time from the data collected is alsodiscussed. With the help of an acafen approach a discussion on possibilities as towhy the games have different values and preferences is also had.

To leave Earth’s gravity well and ascend into Cislunar space takes ingenuity, and the engineering feats of many. Now to propel humanity further into space, rockets will need assistance to provide the large requirements of mass to be used for space structures. Tsiolkovsky’s Rocket Equation greatly limits the advantages of rockets and leaves an opening for Space Elevators to assist in a dual space access approach. By moving a large amount of mass routinely, efficiently, environmentally friendly and with daily launches towards space. Along with the apex anchor situated at 100,000 km for emergency assistance across all Cislunar space, and to act as both storage facilities and a construction zone. Space Elevators are the railway to space and can supplement rockets by transforming how mass is transported to Cislunar space and beyond. / Att lämna jordens gravitationsbrunn och stiga upp i Cislunar-rymden kräver uppfinningsrikedom och mångas ingenjörsprestationer. För att nu driva mänskligheten längre ut i rymden kommer raketer att behöva hjälp för att tillhandahålla de stora kraven på massa som ska användas för rymdstrukturer. Tsiolkovskys raketekvation begränsar i hög grad fördelarna med raketer och lämnar en öppning för rymdhissar för att hjälpa till med en dubbel rymdtillgång. Rymdhissar kan att flytta en stor mängd massa rutinmässigt, effektivt, miljövänligt och med dagliga uppskjutningar mot rymden. Apex-ankaret som ligger på 100 000 km kan fungera för nödhjälp över hela Cislunar-utrymmet och som både lagringsutrymmen och en konstruktionszon. Rymdhissar är järnvägen till rymden och kan komplettera raketer genom transformation hur massa transporteras till Cislunar rymden och bortom.

The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to determine the accuracy of the Elements Apex Locator and 2) to compare the accuracy of the alginate and Endo Q models as in-vitro apex locator testing devices. Twenty teeth were decoronated at the CEJ and triplicate measurements were made using the Elements Apex Locator. All measurements were made to the apex reading of the apex locator. True length was established by visualizing the file tip at the apex with a dental operating microscope. Measurements were then taken with the teeth mounted in an alginate model and then in the Endo Q model. The two models were compared using a repeated-measure ANOVA. Statistically significant differences occurred between the alginate and Endo Q models. The results showed that in 95% (n=19) of the cases, an accurate location to within + 0.5 mm of the apical foramen was obtained with the Endo Q model and 55% (n=11) with the alginate model. With a + 1.0 mm tolerance level, an accuracy of 95% (n=19) was found with the use of the alginate model. In conclusion, it seems that the Endo Q system was more suitable for testing the electronic apex locator than the alginate model. The Elements Apex Locator with the use of the Endo Q model was highly accurate in locating to within + 0.5 mm of the apical foramen (Mean deviation = .17 mm).