The 2010 National HIV/AIDS Strategy outlined three important goals for managing the current HIV pandemic in the U.S.: (1) reduce the number of people who become infected with HIV; (2) improve access to health care and health-related outcomes for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLH/A); and (3) reduce HIV-related health disparities. Each of these goals tacitly depends upon reducing HIV-related stigma, and this study examined how HIV+ individuals evaluate coping efforts to overcome stigma’s impact on quality of life (QOL). a structural regression model was developed to instantiate the reappraisal process described by Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional theory of stress and coping, and this model indicated that maladaptive coping fully mediated the relationship between dispositional forgiveness and perceived stigma, which supports the prediction that coping efficacy is related to stress reduction. Additionally, maladaptive coping fully mediated the relationship between dispositional forgiveness and QOL, supporting the contention that forgiveness is a critical aspect to the evaluative process that influences how PLH/A cope with stigma. Lastly, the model showed that when PLH/A engaged in maladaptive coping to mitigate stress-related stigma, these individuals experienced increased stigmatization and reported significantly lower levels of health-related QOL. in contrast, PLH/A that reported higher levels of dispositional forgiveness were significantly less likely to use maladaptive coping to overcome stigma. Therefore, dispositional forgiveness works through coping to alter perceptions regarding stigmatization, while indirectly influencing attitudes related to health distress, mental health, and cognitive and social functioning. the theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Our jury system is predicated upon the expectation that jurors engage in systematic processing when considering evidence and making decisions. They are instructed to interpret facts and apply the appropriate law in a fair, dispassionate manner, free of all bias, including that of emotion. However, emotions containing an element of certainty (e.g., anger and happiness, which require little cognitive effort in determining their source) can often lead people to engage in superficial, heuristic-based processing. Compare this to uncertain emotions (e.g., hope and fear, which require people to seek out explanations for their emotional arousal), which instead has the potential to lead them to engage in deeper, more systematic processing. The purpose of the current research is in part to confirm past research (Tiedens & Linton, 2001; Semmler & Brewer, 2002) that uncertain emotions (like fear) can influence decision-making towards a more systematic style of processing, whereas more certain emotional states (like anger) will lead to a more heuristic style of processing. Studies One, Two, and Three build upon this prior research with the goal of improving methodological rigor through the use of film clips to reliably induce emotions, with awareness of testimonial details serving as measures of processing style. The ultimate objective of the current research was to explore this effect in Study Four by inducing either fear, anger, or neutral emotion in mock jurors, half of whom then followed along with a trial transcript featuring eight testimonial inconsistencies, while the other participants followed along with an error-free version of the same transcript. Overall rates of detection for these inconsistencies was expected to be higher for the uncertain/fearful participants due to their more effortful processing compared to certain/angry participants. These expectations were not fulfilled, with significant main effects only for the transcript version (with or without inconsistencies) on overall inconsistency detection rates. There are a number of plausible explanations for these results, so further investigation is needed.

A complete evaluation of the secondary school in Chico, Texas

Objective The present study aims to investigate whether drivers’ age and their experience with driving simulators could explain differences between a subjective estimation of system adaptation and a respective objective systematic measurement. Background Assessing valid measurements in driving simulators causes concern because driving simulators are not yet as realistic as real on-road driving scenarios. Common methods like pre-defined training sessions and self-appraisals of simulator adaptation might therefore be insufficient to ensure actual valid data. Hence, influential variables on this discrepancy are investigated. Method In total, N = 203 drivers participated in a training session and a subsequent testing session in a close-to-production driving simulator. Subjective adaptation was estimated by the drivers and an objective adaptation value was gathered on the basis of driving accuracy. The discrepancy between these two measures was calculated and related to age, self-reported driving experience and occurrence of previous adaptation. Results Subjective adaptation was significantly faster than objective adaptation but neither drivers’ age, experience, nor previous adaptation could explain this discrepancy. Discussion Results indicate that younger and older drivers likewise underestimate the time needed for adaptation. Measuring a subjective point of adaptation seems to be an insufficient measure to ensure simulator validity when assessing both older and younger drivers.

Föreliggande studie undersöker utvecklingssamtalets roll i att forma det psykologiska kontraktet. Den hermeneutiska spiralen har legat till grund för studiens struktur, och empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Tidigare forskning kring psykologiska kontrakt har främst fokuserat på effekterna av kontraktsbrott eller att finna samband till motivation, välmående, effektivitet och lönsamhet. Det har visat sig att uppfyllnad av det psykologiska kontraktet kan bidra med positiva effekter till alla ovan nämnda delar om utformningen av kontraktet går i linje med företagets strategi. Forskningen kring hur kontrakten utformas är dock begränsad. Därmed har denna studie undersökt hur psykologiska kontrakt formas genom utvecklingssamtal samt andra informationskällor. Resultatet i föreliggande studie visar på att utvecklingssamtalets roll varierar från individ till individ, och att andra informationskällor kan ha en mer inflytelserik roll. Studien visar på att det är ett flertal delar av kontraktet som utvecklingssamtalet inte brukar ha något inflytande över, exempelvis vilka regler som finns för klädsel och beteende. De delar av det psykologiska kontraktet som utvecklingssamtalet tenderar att vara mer inflytelserikt över, är de delar som traditionellt diskuteras på ett utvecklingssamtal, vilket är utbildning, prestationer samt lön. Utöver detta stärker föreliggande studie övrig litteratur kring hur viktig närmsta chef är för att forma det psykologiska kontraktet. Studien visar även på att litteratur kring psykologiska kontrakt och utvecklingssamtal från andra länder är överförbar till den svenska kontexten gällande utformningen av psykologiska kontrakt. / This study aims to explore how the performance appraisal plays a part in shaping the psychological contract. The study is based on the hermeneutic spiral, and semi structured interviews were used to collect information. Previous studies regarding psychological contracts have mainly focused on the effects of breaches of contract and finding connections to motivation, wellbeing, effectiveness and profitability. They have shown that fulfillment of the psychological contract can contribute to positive effects to all of those fronts if the contract fits with the company’s overall strategy. However, studies regarding how the psychological contract is shaped is limited, which is why this study aims to explore how the contract is shaped, specifically by performance appraisals. The results show that the role of the performance appraisal in shaping the psychological contract varies from individual to individual, and that other sources of information take a more influential role in the psychological contract. The study shows that there are multiple parts of the psychological contract where the performance appraisal tends to play a part, for example rules regarding how to dress and behave. The parts of the psychological contract in which the performance appraisal tends to play an influential role, are the parts that traditionally speaking gets discussed in a performance appraisal, things such as education, performance and salary. In addition, this study reinforces previous claims that the closest manager plays an important role in shaping the psychological contract. It also shows that the American and British psychological contract and performance appraisal literature is applicable in a Swedish context.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to introduce a business plan focused on a establishment of a new company Barf Brno Market, Ltd. The company deals mainly with the sale of raw meat for dogs and other accessories. Part of the thesis is also an economic evaluation of its viability.

The diploma thesis is focused on evaluation of the performance of the company ALBIXON a. s. using the EFQM Excellence Model. The theoretical part of the thesis presents primary tools of economic and financial evaluation of companies, inluding the already mentioned EFQM model. The analytical part of the thesis describes the current situation of selected company and the evalution is performed through the START model questionnaire, which is based on the principles of the EFQM model. The final part of the thesis contains recommendations to increase the company’s performance and achieve a consistently high level of business excelence.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to introduce a business plan of founding a small Moravian winery called MALÝ LEV, Ltd. The company will be concerned with growing grape vine, its processing into the form of land wine and its afterward trading. A part of this thesis will deal with the economical evaluation of the viability of the winery.

Bon père de famille et plerumque fit sont deux standards juridiques utilisés par les juges ; le premier se retrouve dans certains textes du Code civil, le second dans quelques adages anciens. Le premier renvoie à l'"homme prudent et diligent", le second à l'homme "normal". Le discours juridique les confond parfois. Pourtant, ils doivent être distingués, la notion de père de famille est rattachée à la responsabilité civile, contractuelle comme délictuelle, et à l'appréciation in abstracto de la faute et de l'absence de faute par le juge ; il constitue la mesure, composée par celui-ci, et calibrée à la situation envisagée, exprimant les frontières du comportement licite. L'étude ne remet pas en cause cette assertion. Dans un premier temps, elle tente d'expliquer les tenants-les justifications-et les aboutissants-la mise en œuvre-de la méthode que réalise le bon père de famille. La faute (et l'absence de faute) apparaît comme un moyen d'estimer la légitimité d'une situation juridique et de justifier sa liquidation a posteriori. Le bon père de famille exprime ce qui doit être. Quant au plerumque fit, l'homme normal, il incarne e façon générique l'ensemble des présupposés tirés de l'expérience ordinaire mise en œuvre par le juriste lorsqu'il utilise ds outils lui permettant la reconstitution de ce qui est (présomption, causalité, interprétation, qualification). Celle-ci nécessite le recours à un standard "épistémologique", les postulant de manière objective. Dans un second temps, cette étude tente d'expliquer les tenants -les justifications-et les aboutissants-la mise en œuvre-des raisonnements qu'autorise le plerumque fitt. / Bonus parter familias and plerumque fit are two judicial standards, frequently used by judges. While the first one can be found in legal dispositions of the Code Civil and constitutes the criterion for appreciate the fault of an agent in situation, the second one can be found in some acient adages, and plays a role in every juridical reasoning. The juridical discourse often merged them, but they should be distinguished : the bonus pater familias express what "should be", while the plerumque fit is a way to reconstruct what "that is". Then, the purpose of this study is to explain the causes and the consequences of the method they're, each of them, referring to.

Face au constat d’une forte probabilité d’échec au stade de commercialisation des produits innovants, être en mesure d’anticiper et d’expliquer leur acceptabilité avant même d’entreprendre leur développement représente un atout différenciant pour les entreprises. Les modèles d’acceptabilité proposés par la littérature scientifique permettent dans une certaine mesure d’identifier les facteurs ayant une influence significative sur les intentions d’usage à l’égard d’une innovation. De plus, les dernières extensions de ces modèles de référence accordent une place de plus en plus importante au rôle que peuvent jouer les affects dans l’acceptabilité des innovations. Ces modèles proposent néanmoins une conceptualisation relativement disparate et peu structurée des dimensions affectives. Face à ce constat, l’objectif de ces travaux consiste à étudier les relations entre les émotions et l’acceptabilité des innovations. Premièrement, les études 1, 2 et 3 permettront de démontrer en quoi les innovations sont perçues comme complexes et en quoi ceci peut constituer une entrave à leur adoption. Nous montrerons que cet effet est toutefois nuancé par la prise en compte de l’attitude à l’égard de l’innovation. Deuxièmement, les études 4, 5, 6 et 7 permettront d’étudier précisément les relations entre les composantes émotionnelles et l’acceptabilité des innovations. Enfin, nous procéderons à une analyse intégrative d’une partie des résultats en vue de proposer un modèle probabiliste des relations entre émotion et acceptabilité. Ce modèle, baptisé Eminosa®, offre la possibilité d’inférer les évaluations cognitives à partir d’une mesure des expériences subjectives et d’inférer l’acceptabilité d’une innovation à partir des évaluations cognitives ou des expériences subjectives. Les implications du modèle vis-à-vis de l’accompagnement à l’innovation donneront lieu à un ensemble de préconisations et de futures pistes de recherche. / In response to a high failure rate in innovation projects, being able to anticipate and explain an innovation’s acceptance before its development is an interesting yet differentiating asset for companies. To some extent, acceptance models proposed in the literature allow identifying factors that have a significant influence on the intentions to use innovations. The latest extensions of these pioneer models show an increasing importance in considering the role of affects in the acceptance of innovations. However, these models propose a relatively disparate and unstructured conceptualization of emotional dimensions. In response to this issue, the objective of this work is to propose a framework for studying the relationships between emotions and acceptance of innovations. First, studies 1, 2 and 3 will demonstrate how innovations are perceived as complex and how this could be detrimental to their adoption. We will show that this effect is however qualified when taking the attitude towards innovation into account. Second, studies 4, 5, 6 and 7 will allow us to study precisely the relationships between emotional components and acceptance. Finally, an integrative analysis of some of the results is carried out in order to propose a probabilistic model of the relationships between emotion and acceptance. This model, named Eminosa®, offers three new possibilities: inferring the subjective experiences that an innovation generates by measuring cognitive appraisals, inferring cognitive appraisals by measuring subjective experiences, and finally inferring the acceptance of an innovation by measuring cognitive appraisals or subjective experiences. The implications of the model for the scientific literature and for the application perspectives in terms of innovation support will give rise to a set of recommendations.