Antibiotics are nedůležitějším means that the company has in the fight against bacterial infections. The discovery of penicillin by Sir A.Flemingem in 1928 , its isolation Chaine and Floreym in 1940 and subsequent clinical use have meant that until serious or fatal bacterial infectious diseases are today curable . In the following years there have been many more antibiotics or chemotherapeutics , which expands treatment options microbial infections . The high popularity of antibiotics in clinical practice over the course of a few decades taken their toll. Substantial consumption of antimicrobial agents and their misuse has led to the emergence of bacterial resistance with which the discovery of antibiotics planned. Adverse the result is a reduced capacity in the selection of antibiotic therapy in the causal infection. This poses a huge risk to the current population , but especially for the next generation . It may even occur to the fact that the antibiotics used today lost due to bacterial resistance efficiency, and we will not be able to fight against bacteria . One of the branches of medicine where there permanently increased consumption of antibiotics , pediatrics . Children have limited immune mechanisms , and therefore constitute a population that is more susceptible to infections. Most often ,...

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-03T11:24:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianemartinssales.pdf: 3401011 bytes, checksum: 810eea75dfa0debb5b0e55a0534e9517 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T11:40:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianemartinssales.pdf: 3401011 bytes, checksum: 810eea75dfa0debb5b0e55a0534e9517 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T11:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianemartinssales.pdf: 3401011 bytes, checksum: 810eea75dfa0debb5b0e55a0534e9517 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-14 / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo identificar a influência da atuação do Assistente Técnico da Educação Básica – ATB/Auxiliar da Área Financeira nos processos de prestação de contas das escolas estaduais da circunscrição da Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Ubá (SRE/Ubá), da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais. Inicialmente, apontamos como hipótese e evidência, que caracteriza o problema neste caso de gestão, o grande volume de processos arquivados, aguardando análise, no Setor de Prestação de Contas da SRE/Ubá. Tal indício nos levou a fazer uma pesquisa mais aprofundada e, por meio do exame de dados coletados através de questionários aplicados aos Diretores Escolares e ATB/Financeiros atualmente designados nas escolas e realização de entrevistas com Técnicos e Analistas do Setor de Prestação de Contas da SRE/Ubá, buscamos analisar os processos de prestação de contas do período de 2011 a 2016; analisar os tipos e a frequência das diligências baixadas nos processos e em quais processos; comparar processos das escolas com e sem ATB/Financeiro do período de 2011 a 2016; identificar entre os ATB/Financeiros o conhecimento sobre as atribuições do cargo, bem como dos associados da Caixa Escolar e dos membros das Comissões de Licitação; observar a rotatividade dos ATB/Financeiros nas escolas e sua influência nos processos; certificar se o atendimento dado pelo Setor de Prestação de Contas da SRE é satisfatório e se contribui para o desenvolvimento do seu trabalho; investigar a formação acadêmica dos Gestores Escolares; e conhecer se há benefícios da atuação do ATB/Financeiro na gestão pedagógica e administrativa. O caso de gestão teve, assim, como objeto de pesquisa, os efeitos positivos da presença desse profissional nos processos de prestação de contas, do período de 2011 a 2016. Barroso, Lück, Arretche, Adrião, Peroni, Oliveira e outros fundamentam e dão consistência à análise do sistema de descentralização de recursos financeiros públicos à Caixa Escolar e a autonomia e gestão escolar. Percebemos que a descentralização, na verdade, se constitui numa desconcentração de atribuições de gestão em nível local, de políticas centralmente formuladas, sem levar em conta a capacidade própria de cada escola de assumir tais responsabilidades, resguardando ainda o princípio da soberania, onde a escola deve prestar contas ao governo estadual e/ou federal. A administração local deve se pautar na democracia e na participação da comunidade escolar, construindo sua autonomia, ainda que restrita quanto à decisão da destinação e priorização de recursos. Soma-se a isso, a falta de apoio técnico ao Diretor necessário à gestão financeira escolar. Desse trabalho, emergem possibilidades de execução de um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) com propostas de capacitação para Gestores Escolares, associados da Caixa Escolar e membros da Comissão de Licitação e a designação de ATB, com formação específica, a título de autorização especial da SEE/MG, para, na SRE, analisar e aprovar os processos em atraso, de modo a contribuir para gestão e melhoria da qualidade da execução financeira nas escolas. / The purpose of this dissertation is to identify the influence of the Technical Assistant of Basic Education (ATB/Financial Area Assistant) in the processes of rendering accounts of the state schools of the Regional Superintendence of Teaching of Ubá (SRE/Ubá) of the State Secretary of Education of Minas Gerais. Initially, the hypothesis and evidence that characterizes the problem in this management case is the large volume of processes filed, awaiting analysis, in the SRE/Ubá Accountability Sector. This led us to do a more in-depth research and, through the examination of data collected through questionnaires applied to the School Directors and ATB/Financial currently assigned in schools and conducting interviews with Technicians and Analysts of the SRE/Ubá, we sought to analyze the accountability processes for the period 2011 to 2016; to analyze the types and frequency of the steps taken in the proceedings and in what cases; compare processes of schools with and without ATB/Financial from the period 2011 to 2016; identify among the ATB/Financiers the knowledge about the duties of the position, as well as the members of Cashier School and members of the Bidding Commissions; observe the ATB/Financial turnover in schools and their influence on the processes; certify if the service provided by the SRE's Account Delivery Sector is satisfactory and contributes to the development of its work; to investigate the academic formation of the School Managers; and to know if there are benefits of ATB/Financial's performance in pedagogical and administrative management.The management case was therefore the object of research, the positive effects of the presence of this professional in the accountability processes, from the period of 2011 to 2016. Barroso, Lück, Arretche, Adrião, Peroni, Oliveira and others base and give consistency to the analysis of the system of decentralization of public financial resources to Cashier School and autonomy and school management. We realize that decentralization is, in fact, a devolution of management responsibilities at the local level, of centrally formulated policies, without taking into account the capacity of each school to assume such responsibilities, while also safeguarding the principle of sovereignty, where the school accountable to the state and / or federal government. The local administration must be based on democracy and on the participation of the school community, building its autonomy, although restricted in the decision of the destination and prioritization of resources. Added to this is the lack of technical support to the Director needed for financial management. From this work, possibilities for implementing an Educational Action Plan (PAE) emerge with proposals for training for School Managers, Cashier School associates and members of the Tender Commission and the designation of ATB, with specific training, as a special authorization of the SEE/MG, to analyze and approve delays in the SRE, in order to contribute to the management and improvement of the quality of financial execution in schools.

Abstract This report was undertaken at the request of the Management and maintenance department of Swedish National Road Authority (Vägverket Region Sydöst) in Jönköping. In 1992, the management and maintenance of Swedish roads were laid out on external contractors. When putting out a tender for the work, the foundation is from a national set of rules which are in constant change. This report is limited to winter road upkeep. The trend in the invitation for tenders is that it is moving from the more conventional executional demands towards the less controlling demands. The downside of functional, less controlling demands is that it is difficult to articulate how to measure them. The order authority therefore has to find ways to make sure to get what has been paid for. In connection to the invitation for tender of winter road upkeep for 2005, the new set of rules, ATB Vinter 2003 was deployed. The main purpose of this thesis is to see which the big changes in the set of rules are and how these changes affect the organisation and activities of the contractor. It is also studied how the changes in execution is perceived by road users and how it affects the possibilities of the contractor to come as a newcomer to a new area of administration. Interviews and examination of sets of rules has led to a list of a number of changes that the contractors feel affect their work in any sense. Views from road users that have come in to the order authority have been scrutinized to see how they have experienced the change. When selecting which areas of administration to examine, care was taken to ensure that one was where the same contractor secured a renewed contract for the area over the gap of changing rules and the other one was area where the contractor was a newcomer. The result shows a number of changes and how these affect both the contractors and the road users. The report describes how winter road upkeep is maintained in the south of Sweden and the cooperation between buyer and contractor.

<p>Abstract</p><p>This report was undertaken at the request of the Management and maintenance</p><p>department of Swedish National Road Authority (Vägverket Region Sydöst) in</p><p>Jönköping.</p><p>In 1992, the management and maintenance of Swedish roads were laid out on</p><p>external contractors. When putting out a tender for the work, the foundation is</p><p>from a national set of rules which are in constant change. This report is limited to</p><p>winter road upkeep.</p><p>The trend in the invitation for tenders is that it is moving from the more</p><p>conventional executional demands towards the less controlling demands. The</p><p>downside of functional, less controlling demands is that it is difficult to articulate</p><p>how to measure them. The order authority therefore has to find ways to make</p><p>sure to get what has been paid for.</p><p>In connection to the invitation for tender of winter road upkeep for 2005, the new</p><p>set of rules, ATB Vinter 2003 was deployed.</p><p>The main purpose of this thesis is to see which the big changes in the set of rules</p><p>are and how these changes affect the organisation and activities of the contractor.</p><p>It is also studied how the changes in execution is perceived by road users and how</p><p>it affects the possibilities of the contractor to come as a newcomer to a new area</p><p>of administration.</p><p>Interviews and examination of sets of rules has led to a list of a number of</p><p>changes that the contractors feel affect their work in any sense.</p><p>Views from road users that have come in to the order authority have been</p><p>scrutinized to see how they have experienced the change. When selecting which</p><p>areas of administration to examine, care was taken to ensure that one was where</p><p>the same contractor secured a renewed contract for the area over the gap of</p><p>changing rules and the other one was area where the contractor was a newcomer.</p><p>The result shows a number of changes and how these affect both the contractors</p><p>and the road users.</p><p>The report describes how winter road upkeep is maintained in the south of</p><p>Sweden and the cooperation between buyer and contractor.</p>

Die Herstellung bogenverzahnter Bauteile für Antriebswellen ist durch einen hohen fertigungstechnischen Aufwand gekennzeichnet. Dieser erhöht sich mit zunehmender Komplexität der Verzahnungsgeometrie. Mit dem Beginn der Fertigung von Hochleistungsspindeln, stellt sich die Frage nach einer Alternative zur 5-Achsfräser Bearbeitung. Der folgende Mathcad-Creo-Mechanismen Vortrag umfasst das herkömmliche Erstellen von Bogenverzahnungen und die Weiterentwicklung 5-Achsschleifen mittels Bahndatenberechnung, der Vermessung der Bauteile und gegebenenfalls Korrektur der Bearbeitung.

This report was undertaken at the request of the Management and maintenance department of Swedish National Road Authority (Vägverket Region Sydöst) in Jönköping. In 1992, the management and maintenance of Swedish roads were laid out on external constructors. When putting out a tender for the work, the foundation is from a national set of rules which are in constant change. This report is limited to winter road upkeep. The trend in the invitation for tenders is that it is moving from the more conventional executional demands towards the less controlling demands. The downside of functional, less controlling demands is that it is difficult to articulate how to measure them. The order authority therefore has to find ways to make sure to get what has been paid for. In connection to the invitation for tender of winter road upkeep for 2005, the new set of rules, ATB Vinter 2003 was deployed. The main purpose of this thesis is to see which the big changes in the set of rules are and how these changes affect the organisation and activities of the constructor. It is also studied how the changes in execution is perceived by road users and how it affects the possibilities of the constructor to come as a newcomer to a new area of administration. Interviews and examination of sets of rules has led to a list of a number of changes that the constructors feel affect their work in any sense. Views from road users that have come in to the order authority have been scrutinized to see how they have experienced the change. When selecting which areas of administration to examine, care was taken to ensure that one was where the same constructor secured a renewed contract for the area over the gap of changing rules and the other one was area where the constructor was a newcomer. The result shows a number of changes and how these affect both the constructors and the road users. The report describes how winter road upkeep is maintained in the south of Sweden and the cooperation between buyer and constructor.

<p>This report was undertaken at the request of the Management and maintenance department of Swedish National Road Authority (Vägverket Region Sydöst) in Jönköping.</p><p>In 1992, the management and maintenance of Swedish roads were laid out on external constructors. When putting out a tender for the work, the foundation is from a national set of rules which are in constant change. This report is limited to winter road upkeep.</p><p>The trend in the invitation for tenders is that it is moving from the more conventional executional demands towards the less controlling demands. The downside of functional, less controlling demands is that it is difficult to articulate how to measure them. The order authority therefore has to find ways to make sure to get what has been paid for.</p><p>In connection to the invitation for tender of winter road upkeep for 2005, the new set of rules, ATB Vinter 2003 was deployed.</p><p>The main purpose of this thesis is to see which the big changes in the set of rules are and how these changes affect the organisation and activities of the constructor.</p><p>It is also studied how the changes in execution is perceived by road users and how it affects the possibilities of the constructor to come as a newcomer to a new area of administration.</p><p>Interviews and examination of sets of rules has led to a list of a number of changes that the constructors feel affect their work in any sense.</p><p>Views from road users that have come in to the order authority have been scrutinized to see how they have experienced the change. When selecting which areas of administration to examine, care was taken to ensure that one was where the same constructor secured a renewed contract for the area over the gap of changing rules and the other one was area where the constructor was a newcomer.</p><p>The result shows a number of changes and how these affect both the constructors and the road users.</p><p>The report describes how winter road upkeep is maintained in the south of Sweden and the cooperation between buyer and constructor.</p>

When designing roads it’s important to know what loads will be driven on it. The axles on heavy vehicles can either have super single tires or dual tires which, according to studies, damage the roads differently. The Swedish Transport Administration is developing an understanding for the character of these different kinds of axle and tire types on the loads induced on Swedish roads. In this thesis a field study was conducted to determine the distribution between axles with super single tires and axles with dual tires on heavy vehicles. A highway, a country road and a national road were investigated during the study. The result showed that the number of trucks with single tire axles, i.e. those with super single tires, varies between 39 and 48 percent on the different types of road. That the truck has a single tire axle means that the truck has at least one axle with single tires in addition to the steering axle. A small study was conducted to determine the width of tires on heavy vehicles. A comparison of trucks with single- and dual tire axles was carried out in terms of degradation of the roads. Permanent deformation of unbound layers and fatigue cracking were investigated since these degradation mechanisms are currently used as design parameters in the design of roads. Load values from Bridge Weight In Motion (BWIM) data were used in the calculations and vehicle type 113, 123 and 12211 were investigated. Permanent deformation and fatigue cracking were calculated according to the criteria given in ATB VÄG 2005. Dissipated Creep Strain Energy (DCSE) has been calculated for the selected truck types. The study showed that trucks with axles with single tires accelerate the degradation of the roads. The permanent deformation was almost the same for the two different kinds of axle types.

Die Herstellung bogenverzahnter Bauteile für Antriebswellen ist durch einen hohen fertigungstechnischen Aufwand gekennzeichnet. Dieser erhöht sich mit zunehmender Komplexität der Verzahnungsgeometrie. Mit dem Beginn der Fertigung von Hochleistungsspindeln, stellt sich die Frage nach einer Alternative zur 5-Achsfräser Bearbeitung. Der folgende Mathcad-Creo-Mechanismen Vortrag umfasst das herkömmliche Erstellen von Bogenverzahnungen und die Weiterentwicklung 5-Achsschleifen mittels Bahndatenberechnung, der Vermessung der Bauteile und gegebenenfalls Korrektur der Bearbeitung.

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