In the first part of this thesis is discussed of the possibilities of surface grinding. There are described various methods for grinding and describe their characteristics. Furthermore, there is shown the marking of grinding wheels and is discussed of their composition and of calculating the cutting forces. In the second part of this thesis the experiment is performed. On the samples of various materials are monitored parameters of roughness after grinding, which is used by conventional grinding BPH 300 and horizontal lathe from company TDZ Turn.

Master of Science / Department of Special Education, Counseling and Student Affairs / Fred Bradley / The purpose of this report is to review available literature that identifies various psychological issues collegiate student-athletes may face and how medical professionals, specifically certified athletic trainers (ATCs), are prepared to manage these psychological issues. Considering ATCs are in constant interaction with student-athletes in comparison to other medical professionals it is crucial that research is being completed to make sure athletic trainers are properly caring for student-athlete and acting quickly and appropriately to psychological issues. This report will review research on psychological aspects encountered by athletic trainers in contact with student-athletes, and; furthermore, the ATCs sense of comfort and competence in working with these issues. Questions may arise such as how well the ATC is able to assess the psychological issues and know when to assist or refer these matters, issues which may include training, competence, expectations, and ethical practice. Finally, the review of the research and literature in this area will lead to suggestions and implications for further research and continued understanding of the ATCs role in the psychological aspects of their work with student athletes.

Non-controlled airports are literally that - uncontrolled. Safe separation is achieved by pilot vigilance. The consensus of reports on incidences at noncontrolled airports generally conclude that pilots cannot rely entirely on vision to avoid collision and attempts should be made to obtain all available traffic information to enable a directed traffic search. Ideally, a system is required which has the ability to provide advice to all parties to ensure separation minima is maintained. Provision of a such a system would remove a measure of pressure from the pilot to allow that person to devote their attention to their prime responsibility of flying the aircraft. To this end, research on use of intelligent remote advisory systems for non-controlled airports was undertaken with emphasis on those systems which could minimize human resources and associated recurring costs, to provide a measure of repeatability and to provide an acceptable level of safety. A rule based system was developed and evaluated. The evaluation showed that use of a rule based system as the basis of an intelligent remote air traffic control system for non-controlled airports is a viable proposition. In test scenarios, collision hazards were identified and evasion tactics generated. For a full operational system, the application of the rules and definition of the aircraft circuit area may need refining; however, the results are certainly encouraging.

<p>As air traffic is forecasted to increase, air traffic control software subsequently needs to be more sophisticated. To efficiently push development forward, testing is important in order to determine usability. The tests need to be adapted to fit a particular purpose and carried out with methods that preserve the validity of the results. </p><p>This thesis describes an implementation project carried out at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France. The purpose of the project is to create an application that enables a user to create datasets of air traffic to be used for these tests. The application allows for manual work or bulk imports from external data sources. Furthermore it compiles scenarios as output datasets intended for prototype air traffic control software developed at Linköping University. </p><p>The application design rationale and development process is described. Some time is spent on demonstrating the flexibility of the application and how its usage fits in a bigger picture.</p>

<p>År 2005 slopade EU sina importkvoter på TEKO-varor efter att i många år ha skyddat sina inhemska producenter från omvärldens konkurrens och begränsat utvecklingsländers tillträde till unionens marknad. Den här uppsatsen undersöker konsekvenserna av handelsliberaliseringen för tolv utvecklingsländers export av kläder och textilier till EU genom att handelstatistik från Eurostat används för att jämföra EU:s import av TEKO före och efter slopandet. Som väntat ökade Kina och Indiens export till EU efter avregleringen. Däremot har sju av tolv studerade länder minskat sin exporttillväxt av kläder till följd av förlorade preferenser från handelsavtal och ökad konkurrens när kvoterna eliminerades. Förändringarna blev betydligt större i handeln med kläder än med textilier och effekterna omedelbart efter avregleringen var mer dramatiska än under åren som följde. De tillfälliga restriktioner som infördes mot Kina efter 2005 förefaller ha fått effekt på handeln med kläder under 2006, medan ingen påverkan går att identifiera på textilmarknaden.</p>

With signing of Agreement on Textile and Clothing which entered into force in 1995, it was decided to abolish quantity limitations applied by the developed countries since the second half of 20th century. By this way, restrictions in the developed country markets against the developing countries would be lifted gradually in a ten year period and the liberalization in textile and clothing markets would be realized from 2005 onwards. This would provide smooth access to major markets for all the developing and least developed countries. However, China&rsquo / s accession to WTO in 2001 created a breakthrough in this assumption. Hereafter, China increased its shares in the developed countries&rsquo / markets at the expense of other developing countries. One of the matters wondered most during this period was how would the developing and least developed countries, that had quota-free entrance to the developed countries&rsquo / markets, perform against China. This study focuses on the export performances of developing and least developed countries, that have had preferential trade agreements with European Union and the United States of America, against China in those markets.

År 2005 slopade EU sina importkvoter på TEKO-varor efter att i många år ha skyddat sina inhemska producenter från omvärldens konkurrens och begränsat utvecklingsländers tillträde till unionens marknad. Den här uppsatsen undersöker konsekvenserna av handelsliberaliseringen för tolv utvecklingsländers export av kläder och textilier till EU genom att handelstatistik från Eurostat används för att jämföra EU:s import av TEKO före och efter slopandet. Som väntat ökade Kina och Indiens export till EU efter avregleringen. Däremot har sju av tolv studerade länder minskat sin exporttillväxt av kläder till följd av förlorade preferenser från handelsavtal och ökad konkurrens när kvoterna eliminerades. Förändringarna blev betydligt större i handeln med kläder än med textilier och effekterna omedelbart efter avregleringen var mer dramatiska än under åren som följde. De tillfälliga restriktioner som infördes mot Kina efter 2005 förefaller ha fått effekt på handeln med kläder under 2006, medan ingen påverkan går att identifiera på textilmarknaden.

The air traffic system in the United States is currently undergoing a complete overhaul known as "NextGen". NextGen is the FAA's initiative to update the antiquated National Airspace System (NAS) both procedurally and technologically to reduce costs to the users and negative impacts on the general public. There are currently numerous studies being conducted that are focused on finding optimal solutions to the problems of congestion, delay, and the high fuel and noise footprints associated aircraft operations. These studies require accurate simulation techniques to assess the potential benefits and drawbacks for new procedures and technology. One common method uses air traffic control radar data. As an aircraft travels through the air traffic control system, its latitude, longitude, and altitude are recorded at set intervals. From these values, estimates of groundspeed and heading can be derived. Researchers then use this data to estimate aircraft performance parameters such as engine thrust and aircraft configuration, variables essential to estimate fuel burn, noise, and emissions. This thesis creates a more accurate method of simulating aircraft performance based solely on air traffic control radar data during the arrival process. This tool will allow the benefits of different arrival procedures to be compared at a variety of airports and wind conditions before costly flight testing is required. The accuracy of the performance estimates will be increased using the Tool for Assessing Separation and Throughput (TASAT), a fast-time Monte Carlo aircraft simulator that can simulate multiple arrivals with a mixture of different aircraft types. The tool has succeeded in matching various recorded radar profiles and has produced fuel burn estimates with an RMS error of less than 200 pounds from top of descent to landing when compared to high fidelity operational data. The output from TASAT can also be ported to FAA software tools to make higher quality predictions of aircraft noise and emissions.

A review on free trade principle in theory and practice suggests that trade liberalization is merely rhetoric under which industrialized countries can pursue specific interests of certain actors more deceptively. The purpose of this thesis is to testify whether this preliminary result on general trade issues is valid in the textile and clothing sector as well. The reasons for the author to narrow her research scope down to this industry are that: first, textiles and clothing had been subject to consistent trade protectionism for more than thirty years since the discriminatory Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) in 1974; second, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) in 1995 was designed to remove all quota restrictions by 1st January 2005 via a ten-year transitional period; third, the European Union (EU) raised safeguard investigations within four months after the expiry of the agreement, and succeeded in re-introducing quantitative restraints back to this sector. The intense and dramatic Europe-China textile dispute in 2005 started from the completion of quota abolishment, but ended up with quota re-imposition, which inspires the author to ask whether the European Union’s trade liberalization in the textile and clothing sector is rhetoric or reality. The thesis examines the conventional stance of the Union’s textile and clothing policy, the actual fulfillment of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), and the development of the Europe-China trade dispute on in 2005. In order to identify involved interest groups and their demands during the implementation of the agreement and in the dispute shortly afterwards, the thesis also analyzes: first, the interaction between protectionist lobbying groups and national governments at the Union’s level; and second, the divergence on the attitudes towards China’s expansion in the European market among member states.             Comparing the Union’s early promises in the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) with its actual behaviors during implementation and in dispute, the author finally concludes that the Union’s trade liberalization in the textile and clothing sector is merely rhetoric under which the European Union (EU) pursues the protectionist interests of its domestic textile and clothing producers and those member states with substantial textile and clothing industry.

Workload and complexity measures are, as of today, often imprecise and subjective. Currently, two commonly used workload and complexity measuring formulas are Monitor Alert Parameter and the “Bars”, both using the same measurement variables; amount of aircraft and time. This study creates formulas for quantifying ATC complexity. The study is done in an approach environment and is developed and tested on Stockholm TMA by the creation of 20 traffic scenarios. Ten air traffic controllers working in Stockholm TMA studied the complexity of the scenarios individually and ranked the scenarios in reference to each other. Five controllers evaluated scenario A1-A10. These scenarios were used as references when creating the formulas. The other half of the scenarios, B1-B10, ranked by another five controllers, was used as validation scenarios. Factors relevant to an approach environment were identified, and the data from the scenarios were extracted according to the identified factors. Moreover, a regression analysis was made with the ambition to reveal appropriate weights for each variable. At the first regression, called formula #1, some parameter values were identical. Also, some parameter weights became negative in the regression analysis. The basic requirements were not met and consequently, additional regressions were done; eventually forming formula #2. Formula #2 showed stable values and plausible parameter weights. When compared to a workload measuring model of today, formula #2 showed better performance. Despite the small amount of data samples, we were able to prove a genuine relation between three, of each other independent, variables and the traffic complexity.