Social anxiety is associated with an unusually high level of negative affect, yet little is known about the strategies used by socially anxious individuals to manage and regulate their emotions. The present research examined differences in trait and state levels of expressive emotion suppression in high- and low- socially anxious participants, and explored possible causes and consequences of such suppression across two studies. Using self-reports of trait-like characteristics, Study 1 examined a theoretical model positing that individuals high in social anxiety would report greater emotion suppression than those low in social anxiety; and that authenticity, in turn, would predict diminished well-being. Study 2 used self-report measures administered following a brief social interaction in the laboratory to examine group differences in state-like emotion suppression and the effects of such differences on situational authenticity. Additionally, Study 2 investigated the contributions of state negative affect and acceptance of mood to help explain possible increases in emotion suppression in socially anxious participants. The results of Study 1 supported the hypothesis that diminished well-being in individuals with social anxiety is partially accounted for by low authenticity, which, in turn, is partially accounted for by high emotion suppression. Study 2 revealed that socially anxious participants suppressed their emotions more, and felt less authentic than, controls during the social interaction. However, state negative affect and acceptance of mood did not significantly mediate the relationship between group status and state-like emotion suppression. Implications of the present findings are discussed in terms of contemporary cognitive-behavioural theory and treatment, with indications for future directions for research.

What does it mean to be authentic? Is authenticity an attribute of the individual, or do certain environmental factors facilitate or inhibit the enactment of the authentic self? This research proposes that authentic behavior is the subjective perception that one is behaving in a way that is in accordance with his or her core being. As such, sense of authenticity is considered an important component of the self. I present a theoretical model of the relationship between authenticity and the need for social approval. I analyze the reports of 194 survey respondents and interview data from 21 interviews. These quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest that individuals engage in authentic and inauthentic behavior for a variety of reasons. Specifically, three different behavioral motivations have been identified: (1) behavior motivated by pursuit of the greater social good or for purposes of social cohesion, (2) behavior motivated by pursuit of instrumental gains, and (3) behavior motivated by an internal standard of integrity. Demographic variables and psychological variables were also found to be important determinants of authentic behavior. Blacks reported lower need for social approval than whites, and subsequently higher reports of authentic behavior. Self-esteem emerged in the analyses as a powerful predictor of authentic behavior. In tandem, these results suggest that it may not be one's level of social power that determines his or her ability to behave in ways deemed authentic, but rather one's sense of freedom and confidence in oneself. / Dissertation

<p>This dissertation traces the range of popular forms and practices associated with the harpsichord in the twentieth century in the United States, focusing on the 1950s, 60s and 70s. It draws on archives of period correspondence, sound recordings, and news clippings, as well as on my interviews with harpsichord builders and performers and on fieldwork I conducted at a prominent American harpsichord company during 2008. I argue that the harpsichord enabled practices and discourses through which the white middle class could critique the post-World War II United States, and that the material aspects of the harpsichord--its sound, its wooden materials and its construction methods--provided a gauge by which to measure how far the postwar everyday had veered from what was imagined to be an "authentic" human existence.</p> <p>I focus the dissertation around the influence of a particular narrative associated with the harpsichord: that of the aristocratic, delicate instrument decimated by the Industrial Revolution. I first chart the ways that this narrative circulated in academic histories and popular media during the twentieth century, and how it was linked to perceptions of the harpsichord's physical "shortcomings." Focusing on its career in 1940s-60s popular music recordings, I then show how the stereotype of its "tragically disadvantaged" sound shaped acoustic and discursive constructions of that sound. I continue by demonstrating the classed critiques surrounding the instrument's commodification as a "do-it-yourself" kit--an affordable product that seemed to contradict the instrument's history as an elite, custom-made object. Lastly, I show how the harpsichord's story articulated with the biographies and sentiments of specific people, particularly those affiliated with the shop of Massachusetts harpsichord builder Frank Hubbard in late 1960s and early 1970s. Ultimately, I argue that the Movement's ideal of "historical authenticity," along with the post-World War II mass appeal of period instruments and period performance practice, emerged out of time and place-specific meanings, and through multiple social and commodity networks.</p> / Dissertation

Leader integrity is a virtue and is frequently associated with better company reputation, performance in organizations, and trust from followers. Integrity seems to be a desirable quality an organization leader wants to encompass. Nevertheless, research in implementing integrity for better leadership has been facing quandaries: the ambiguity in referral of integrity domains and definitions, and the dilemma that integrity calls for consistency yet in reality leaders have to be adaptive to cope with changes. In addition, it is not unusual that leaders in various contexts behaving inconsistently yet trust from their followers is retained. Will there be other characteristics that facilitate trust in leaders even if the perceived behavioral integrity (PBI) is low? This research tries to address these leader integrity issues¡Xambiguity, dilemma, and maintenance of trust in order to provide a leader with concrete and concise guidance in implementing integrity. From a perspective of Contractarian coupled with ancient Chinese notions, this research investigates the relationship between a leader¡¦s perceived behavioral integrity and trust from his/her followers and proposes that leaders hold the core¡Xmorality, and work accordingly to identify norms, tackle and solve problems, craft negotiations, yet maintain their awareness in essence. Two core values are identified of moderating effect that a leader with lower PBI is able to maintain a certain level of trust. Should a leader be perceived processing authenticity and righteousness, higher level of trust would be maintained even if he/she were perceived low in behavioral integrity. This research advances the theory of integrity research by clarifying the domains and frees the coercion of consistency issues by proposing a morality-based Contractarian integrity view versus the traditional consistency-based integrity. An empirical attempt to investigate and provide explanation for the phenomena why a leader perceived low in behavioral integrity still obtain trust by their followers is added to the moderated consequences of the framework of integrity research. For practical business practitioners to implement leader integrity, this research suggests they (1) understand the characteristics and domains of integrity, (2) uphold morality and work in harmony with the tides in accordance to the leaders immediate environs, and (3) be salient in authenticity and righteousness. This research believes leader integrity is not merely a personal virtue but a practice that could be learned and implemented. The reward this understanding is better trust from their followers and subordinates.

This thesis carries out an analysis of the plays by Samuel Beckett, Endgame and Happy Days. It achieves this by exploring how the playwright&rsquo / s characterization, setting and use of language in these plays display his tendency to employ some existentialist concepts such as despair, anxiety and thrownness on the way to authenticity. This study argues that there are some similarities between Beckett&rsquo / s two plays and Existentialism, and some characters in both plays display the existentialist man who is looking for becoming an authentic man. In other words, although there are some differences, these plays show that Samuel Beckett&rsquo / s view of Existentialism is quite similar to the Sartrean view.

This thesis aims at propounding possible relations between the concepts of time and art in Martin Heidegger&rsquo / s thinking. Time and art which hold a central place in different periods of Heidegger&rsquo / s thinking in line with his fundamental question of Being are considered together mainly through the analysis of artwork&rsquo / s temporal characteristics. The temporality of the artwork in question is investigated specifically in terms of its basic elements of earth and world and with its relation to authenticity. In this respect, this thesis argues that the work of art bears a temporality of its own and attempts to show how this is realized with the experience of art

Project (M.F.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2004. / Theses (School for Contemporary Arts) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Cultural institutions that hold unique and valuable physical items only for restricted access untilnow are experiencing a change that demands them to take up the role of information providers aswell. International Dunhuang Project is a digitization project that has been taken as an example toinvestigate this phenomenon and more particularly issues of trustworthiness and how it can beestablished in the digital environment. Two concepts have been found to form the basis of itsassessment in the online world, authenticity and transparency. Authenticity is a concept borrowedfrom the existing practice of cultural institutions like museums and archives but transparency is anew demand that has come along with internet and the WWW. Through the examination ofcomponents of IDP's website like online documents, metadata and images along with interviewswith the producers of the project, an attempt has been made to understand how trustworthiness isperceived by the producers of the project and how they have implemented it on the material of theirwebsite. / Kulturinstitutioner som hittills bara gett endast begränsadtillgång till sina samlingar av unika och värdefulla fysiskaexemplar upplever nu en förändring som kräver att de ävenintar rollen som informationsleverantörer.Digitaliseringsprojektet International Dunhuang Projectanvänds som exempel i en undersökning om detta fenomen,i synnerhet kring frågor om trovärdighet och hur det kanfastställas i den digitala miljön. Två begrepp har visat sigligga till grund för bedömning av trovärdighet ionlinevärlden: autenticitet och genomsynlighet.Autenticitet är ett begrepp som lånats från befintliga praxishos kulturinstitutioner som museer och arkiv, mengenomsynlighet är ett nytt krav som tillkommit samtidigtsom internet och WWW. Genom undersökning av de olikaelement på IDP:s webbplats, t ex. online-dokument,metadata och bilder, tillsammans med intervjuer medprojektskaparna, har ett försök gjorts att förstå hurtrovärdighet uppfattas av projektskaparna och hur det harimplementerats på materialet på deras webbplats. / <p>Acknowledgments:I would like to thank the staff of the International Dunhuang Project, Ms. Susan Whitfield, Ms. VicSwift, Ms. Emma Goodliffe and Mr. Sam van Schaik for all the support they have offered meduring my stay at the British Library. This study would not have been completed without their helpand their insights. Also, I would like to thank my supervisor Mr. Mats Dahlstrom and Ms. ElenaMaceviciute, for their patience and the knowledge and tools they have provided me for therealization of this study. Moreover, Ms. Anna Brynolf who translated the abstract into Swedish.Lastly, Mr. Osama Mansour and Ms. Nina Hult for their comments which helped me to improve theshortcomings of my text.</p>

The market for local organic foods in the United States has grown tremendously in recent years. Compared to a meager existence just a decade ago, local organic options now flourish through the form of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), thousands of farmers markets, community cooperative grocery stores, and upscale restaurants. Interestingly, the greatest percentage of growth in farmers markets in the US has occurred in the last 2-3 years during the Great Recession despite economic downturn. This changing nature of agriculture and new developments of alternative niche markets have captured the attention of scholars. Most studies tend to focus on economic, organizational, or even nutritional elements reflected in the food industry. Less emphasis, however, has been devoted to the roles of cultural consumption, values, and desires that have propagated the swift and substantial growth of this movement. Direct sales in local organic niche markets and the CSA model provide an atmosphere for repetitive interpersonal interaction between farmer and buyer around a product infused with shared meaning. I utilize ethnographic data from an extended case of a local organic farm in Southern Arizona and interviews with over 50 of their CSA members. This dissertation addresses how and why both producers and consumers co-produce alternative visions and meanings that sustain a viable local niche food economy. I argue that the members involved in this niche market sector hold unified reactions against the global expansionary aims of food corporations. Inverse to market forces, the cultural and economic ethos driving this movement originates from appreciation for craft production as an expression of commodity de-fetishization, personal investment and embeddedness in local economies, and desires for authenticity in community and consumption.

Novice teachers experience a unique set of challenges as they enter the field of professional teaching. While extensive research regarding the reflective practice of expert teachers exists, there has been a shortage regarding the relationship between reflective practice and novice teachers. This study investigated this relationship and how reflective practice in novice teachers is specifically affected by the novice teachers' perception of the audience to their reflective dialogues.This qualitative study employed three case studies of novice teachers in their first year of professional teaching. Each case was constructed using data gathered through extensive field notes, in-depth interviews, and collection of written artifacts produced by the subjects. In addition, secondary subjects were observed and interviewed regarding their perceptions of the reflective process of the novice teachers. This data was analyzed in an iterative process and coded for themes to create individual cases as well as expedite cross-case comparisons. The novice teachers in this study exhibited important commonalities in the sources they chose for reflective dialogues and their attitudes regarding those sources. Important themes emerged regarding their perception of audience that affected the topics they chose to discuss in their dialogues. In addition, the nature of the authenticity of their dialogues was investigated and findings emerged indicating various layers of authenticity including: truthfulness, relevance, timeliness, and accuracy. Findings in this study assist in understanding the process of acclimation for beginning teachers and their progression from novice towards the tacit knowledge and practice of an expert teacher. The investigation also drew conclusions regarding the role of administrators, mentors, peers, induction programs, and non-professional support as they related to the assistance of novice teachers.