Global ETD Search

1	Exploring Core Values Moderating Perceived Leader Behavioral Integrity and Trust: A Contractarian Perspective Hung, Yi-shuo 14 December 2011 (has links) Leader integrity is a virtue and is frequently associated with better company reputation, performance in organizations, and trust from followers. Integrity seems to be a desirable quality an organization leader wants to encompass. Nevertheless, research in implementing integrity for better leadership has been facing quandaries: the ambiguity in referral of integrity domains and definitions, and the dilemma that integrity calls for consistency yet in reality leaders have to be adaptive to cope with changes. In addition, it is not unusual that leaders in various contexts behaving inconsistently yet trust from their followers is retained. Will there be other characteristics that facilitate trust in leaders even if the perceived behavioral integrity (PBI) is low? This research tries to address these leader integrity issues¡Xambiguity, dilemma, and maintenance of trust in order to provide a leader with concrete and concise guidance in implementing integrity. From a perspective of Contractarian coupled with ancient Chinese notions, this research investigates the relationship between a leader¡¦s perceived behavioral integrity and trust from his/her followers and proposes that leaders hold the core¡Xmorality, and work accordingly to identify norms, tackle and solve problems, craft negotiations, yet maintain their awareness in essence. Two core values are identified of moderating effect that a leader with lower PBI is able to maintain a certain level of trust. Should a leader be perceived processing authenticity and righteousness, higher level of trust would be maintained even if he/she were perceived low in behavioral integrity. This research advances the theory of integrity research by clarifying the domains and frees the coercion of consistency issues by proposing a morality-based Contractarian integrity view versus the traditional consistency-based integrity. An empirical attempt to investigate and provide explanation for the phenomena why a leader perceived low in behavioral integrity still obtain trust by their followers is added to the moderated consequences of the framework of integrity research. For practical business practitioners to implement leader integrity, this research suggests they (1) understand the characteristics and domains of integrity, (2) uphold morality and work in harmony with the tides in accordance to the leaders immediate environs, and (3) be salient in authenticity and righteousness. This research believes leader integrity is not merely a personal virtue but a practice that could be learned and implemented. The reward this understanding is better trust from their followers and subordinates. trust authenticity Contractarianism integrity perceived behavioral integrity social contracts righteousness
2	A Consequentialist Model for Just Social Contracts January 2019 (has links) abstract: The paper reviews some of the models of consequentialist justice, the nature of social contracts, and the social coordination of behaviors through social norms. The challenge with actualizing justice in many contemporary societies is the broad and often conflicting individual beliefs on rights and responsibilities that each member of a society maintains to describe the opportunities and compensations they attribute to themselves and others. This obscurity is compounded through a lack of academic or political alignment on the definition and tenets of justice. The result of the deficiency of commonality of the definition and tenants of justice often result in myopic decisions by individuals and discontinuity within a society that reduce the available rights, obligations, opportunities, and/or compensations that could be available through alternative modalities. The paper begins by assessing the challenge of establishing mutual trust in order to achieve cooperation. I then examine utility enhancement strategies available through cooperation. Next, I turn to models that describe natural and artificial sources of social contacts, game theory, and evolutionary fitness to produce beneficial results. I then examine social norms, including the dual inheritance theory, as models which can selectively reinforce certain cooperative behaviors and reduce others. In conclusion, a possible connection among these models to improve the overall fitness of society as defined by the net average increase in available utility, rights, opportunities, and compensations is offered. Through an examination of concepts that inform individual choice and coordination with others, concepts within social coordination, the nature of social contracts, and consequentialist justice to coordinate behaviors through social norms may illustrate an integrated perspective and, through additional examination, produce a comprehensive model to describe how societies could identify and foster just human coordination. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Philosophy 2019 Philosophy Sociology Consequentialism Dual Inheritance Justice Norms Social Contracts Utilitarian
3	Proactive Privacy Practices in the Trend of Ubiquitous Services: An Empirical Study Wang, Shu-Ching 02 July 2011 (has links) Privacy is a strategic issue so that much attention has been constantly devoted to information privacy in response to competitive pressure in dynamic marketplace, particularly in the trend of e-business settings. Ubiquitous services (u-services) are recognized as the logical extension of e-/m-services because they can be initiated by e- and further propagated by m-services (Junglas & Watson 2006). In u-services context, customers are always connected seamlessly in context-awareness networks so the higher degree of customized and personalized services can be timely served. Likewise, customers may also well be aware of privacy threats behind that. Consequently, privacy issues are identified as a key hindrance for booming u-services. While a large body of studies focusing on privacy issues have examined relevant factors influence customer decision making such as customer beliefs (i.e. trust and risk), privacy concerns, the representations of privacy statement, and even the privacy calculus, this study aims to explore a theoretical proactive privacy practice model (PPPM) as a guideline for an e-services provider (ESP) initiating its privacy practices to its customers to enhance voluntary information disclosure. Drawing upon integrative social contracts theory, the proposed PPPM embraced technical and non-technical elements such as human, legal, and economic relevant perspectives, that is, e-services providers¡¦ proactive privacy governance, and customer perceived value and competitive strategies for u-services. An empirical survey was conducted in a B2C e-services context to examine the relationships among these constructs. The results indicate that there are significant relationships between those three antecedents and disclosure willingness respectively. Meanwhile, the moderating effect of competitive strategies significantly and positively associates with proactive privacy governance and disclosure willingness. These findings not only broaden current knowledge of the disclosure behavior but also allow ESPs to strategically manage privacy and leverage privacy protection for a competitive advantage and identify the strengths and weaknesses of their current privacy mechanisms, guiding them to develop more proactive and prominent privacy practices for extending their businesses to future u-services or u-businesses. Proactive privacy practice Proactive privacy governance Electronic services Mobile services Ubiquitous services Disclosure willingness Integrative social contracts theory
4	Rights We Are Bound to Disrespect: John Locke, Dred Scott, and the American Social Contract Petersen, Megan A. 01 January 2015 (has links) This article traces different forms of the same present throughout several eras in American political and social history. I focus on two texts, John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, and Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney’s majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford, in order to examine slavery as a legal institution in the United States, and, in particular, the constitutionality of slavery. Rather than a massive contradiction, the Dred Scott decision is just another iteration of American political and racial philosophy as it was 100, even 200 years earlier. Taney’s opinion is a reflection of what the Lockean social contract came to look like in a racially hierarchized, colonial society. The Dred Scott decision paints one of the most accurate pictures of American political thought but is always written off as nothing but bad law. A close examination of race and social contract theory as they influenced the American Constitution gives insight into more productive ways to talk about race today. John Locke Dred Scott v. Sandford social contract theory social contracts Constitution Constitutional history race relations slavery Constitutional Law Law and Race
5	Potential AI Application In The Swedish Army And Its Relation To The Holiness Of Life : A study of army officers' narratives on the military experience in the face of AI / Potentiell AI-tillämpning i den svenska armén och dess relation till Livets Helighet : En studie av arméofficers inställningen gentemot införande av AI i militärt bruk Brodrej, Pepule Majken January 2023 (has links) This master thesis examines army officer's view of the social implications of AI within the Swedish Army, as well as what is required of researchers to understand the implications of AI. The thesis is based on an interpretive study of the army officers' narrative and is supported by contemporary research on AI for military use. The theoretical framework includes ideas on social contracts, transrational sentiments, emotions (like love) as meaning making, human life as Holy and bounded rationality. The theme of the Holiness of human life opens up a discussion about the value of trust, hope and love within the activities of the Swedish Army. The analysis describes how the view of AI is partly positive, while simultaneously containing skepticism and fear that technical optimism will lead to a destructive use of it. Participants in the study describe AI's rationality in contrast to human rationality, and war is presented as a non-rational social process. This leads the study to an interpretation of the meaning of the officers distancing and fear towards AI. It addresses the risks of a higher AI usage rate in war, which include; decision makers loss of credibility, devaluation of life and the appearance of war as nonsensical and meaningless, which could contribute to an indifference towards human life and suffering. The conclusion addresses human life as a human responsibility because its meaning and value is socially constructed, the benefits of exploring AI capabilities and the significance of understanding the social culture where the AI is to be used - as it affects the application outcome. / Uppsatsen undersöker arméofficerarens syn på de sociala implikationerna som AI medför inom den militära kontexten, samt vad som krävs av forskare för att förstå implikationerna av AI. Uppsatsen baseras på en tolkningsstudie av armeofficerarnas narrativ. Uppsatsen stöds av forskning kring AI inom militärt bruk i vår samtid. I det teoretiska ramverk ingår teorier kring sociala kontrakt, transrationella upplevelser, känslor som meningsskapande, mänskligt liv som heligt och begränsad rationalitet (bounded rationality). Temat kring människans personliga värde (Helighet) öppnar för en diskussion kring värdet av tillit, hopp och kärlek inom svenska arméns verksamhet. Analysen beskriver hur synen på AI är delvis positiv, och samtidigt innehåller en skepticism och rädsla för att teknisk optimism ska leda till ett destruktivt användande av den. Deltagarna i studien beskriver AIs rationalitet i kontrast till människans, och krig presenteras som en icke-rationell social process. Detta leder studien till en tolkning av vad avståndstagandet och rädslan gentemot AI innebär. Uppsatsen tar upp risker av en högre AI-användningsgrad vid krigets (beslutsfattar)processer. Dessa är bland annat; att beslutsfattaren ska förlora trovärdighet, att liv ska devalveras och att krig ska förefalla oförståeligt och meningslöst, vilket kan bidra till en likgiltighet kring mänskligt liv och lidande. Slutsatsen tar upp att mänskligt liv är ett mänskligt ansvar eftersom mening med och värdet av liv är socialt skapad, att det är gynnsamt att utforska AIs kapacitet samt att kulturen där AI bör framkomma som en betydelsefull aspekt vid utforskandet - eftersom det påverkar beslutsfattandet i sin helhet, tillit mellan soldater, motivationen till och synen på liv. Holiness of Human Life Emotions Transrational Sentiments Social Contracts Military AI Artificial intelligence Philosophy, Ethics and Religion Filosofi, etik och religion Social Psychology Socialpsykologi Övrig annan teknik
6	Towards a Flexible Bayesian and Deontic Logic of Testing Descriptive and Prescriptive Rules / Explaining Content Effects in the Wason Selection Task / Zur flexiblen bayesschen und deontischen Logik des Testens deskripitiver und präskriptiver Regeln / Eine Erklärung von Inhaltseffekten in der Wasonschen Wahlaufgabe von Sydow, Momme 04 May 2006 (has links) No description available. 150 Psychologie Mathematics and Computer Science Hypothesentesten Wasonsche Wahlaufgabe deontische Logik Bayessche Logik Bayesianische Modelle wissensbasiertes Lernen kausale Modelle Konditionale Implikation Inhaltseffekte Denken Domänenspezifität Rationalität Induktionsproblem Rabenparadox Synduktion Soziale Verträge Betrüger Erkennung Kooperations Erkennung Kooperation Hypothesis testing Wason selection task deontic logic Bayesian logic conditionals Bayesian models implication knowledge-based learning causal models content effects reasoning domain specificity rationality problem of induction ravens paradox knowledge-based induction synduction social contracts cheater detection social contracts cooperator detection pragmatic reasoning schema theory mental model theory 77.31

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