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El presente trabajo analiza el Convenio de Aarhus y la posibilidad de su aplicación en Brasil. Estudia los tres pilares del Convenio, es decir, el derecho de acceso a la información, la participación ciudadana y el acceso a la justicia en asuntos relacionados con al medio ambiente. Describe la actuación de la Comisión Europea y sus Directivas que tratan de la materia, estudia la aplicación del Convenio en España no solo a partir de la normativa de la Comisión, sino también a partir de su ordenamiento jurídico interno, más específicamente la Ley 27/2006. Se adentra en el estudio de cómo está hecha la participación ciudadana en España y en Brasil a partir del análisis de su experiencia y legislación nacional sobre el tema. Informa de que la participación ciudadana es el elemento clave para la democracia deliberativa, para un buen gobierno y defensa de derechos fundamentales, necesarios para el bienestar y calidad de vida, así como para la protección de los derechos relacionados con el medio ambiente de estas y de las futuras generaciones. Describe como siendo posible la aplicación de los pilares del Convenio de Aarhus en Brasil, principalmente la participación ciudadana en decisiones medio ambientales, por ser esta considerada por la comunidad internacional norma imperativa categorizada como ius cogens.

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal avaliar a participação pública em um caso de gestão de área contaminada no Estado de São Paulo. Para a busca do foco no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, foram consideradas as três bases de sustentação da Convenção de Aarhus: o acesso à informação, a participação no processo decisório e o acesso à justiça. Esta Convenção foi escolhida por constituir um conjunto consistente de conceitos e recomendações sobre a participação pública em questões socioambientais. É conceituada a Convenção de Aarhus e são discutidos os preceitos das documentações desse acordo internacional, fazendo comparações com alguns autores. Para atender aos objetivos dessa dissertação, é aplicada uma metodologia de estudo de caso, avaliando e verificando se esta participação atende aos preceitos da Convenção, por meio de análise qualitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais com atores envolvidos no caso da Shell Vila Carioca: população do entorno da empresa, técnicos do sistema ambiental e da saúde, representantes do sistema jurídico, médico, jornalista, vereador, representante do terceiro setor e representante da empresa Shell. Foi realizado um paralelo do caso estudado no Brasil com Woburn, o caso de áreas contaminadas nos Estados Unidos que também teve grande repercussão na mídia. Os resultados mostraram as diferentes visões e expectativas de cada ator para o caso. Entre outros aspectos, conclui-se que a população não foi informada adequadamente pelos órgãos públicos, que a participação da população neste caso ainda está se iniciando e que existem mecanismos judiciais para o acesso à justiça, embora a maioria da população não os conheça. Como sugestão, a autora propõe a inserção da participação pública nas etapas do Projeto de Lei de Proteção da Qualidade do Solo e Gerenciamento de Áreas Contaminadas / The objective of this work is to evaluate the participation of the public at a contaminated site case in the State of São Paulo. The basis for the analysis was the three pillars established by the Aarhus Convention (right to access information, right of the public participation and right to access the justice). This tree pillar scheme is a consistent array of concepts regarding the public participation process in environmental matters. The concepts of the Convention were discussed under the view of several authors. To evaluate in the real world the use of the concepts of the CONVENTION a case study were performed: Vila Carioca Contaminated Site in the City of São Paulo. The methodology used were interviews with all main actors involved as local population, environmental state officials, journalist, public attorneys, NGO people, city council members and ,industry representative. The interviews were conducted in person. The results showed the different views and expectations about the problem for each actor, which was very interesting to understand how the conflicts can start. In order to compare the public participation in other country a The Woburn Case in USA was reviewed. The main findings were: that the public participation is far from the proposed by the Convention, mainly regarding access to information and public participation. Regarding the access to justice, even though the Brazilian Justice be slow and costly, the points required by the Convention do exist. As a result of the findings the author proposed a suggestion of items introducing participation of the public to be inserted in a Law Project regarding Management of Contaminated Sites, in discussion nowadays at the São Paulo State Congress

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal avaliar a participação pública em um caso de gestão de área contaminada no Estado de São Paulo. Para a busca do foco no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, foram consideradas as três bases de sustentação da Convenção de Aarhus: o acesso à informação, a participação no processo decisório e o acesso à justiça. Esta Convenção foi escolhida por constituir um conjunto consistente de conceitos e recomendações sobre a participação pública em questões socioambientais. É conceituada a Convenção de Aarhus e são discutidos os preceitos das documentações desse acordo internacional, fazendo comparações com alguns autores. Para atender aos objetivos dessa dissertação, é aplicada uma metodologia de estudo de caso, avaliando e verificando se esta participação atende aos preceitos da Convenção, por meio de análise qualitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais com atores envolvidos no caso da Shell Vila Carioca: população do entorno da empresa, técnicos do sistema ambiental e da saúde, representantes do sistema jurídico, médico, jornalista, vereador, representante do terceiro setor e representante da empresa Shell. Foi realizado um paralelo do caso estudado no Brasil com Woburn, o caso de áreas contaminadas nos Estados Unidos que também teve grande repercussão na mídia. Os resultados mostraram as diferentes visões e expectativas de cada ator para o caso. Entre outros aspectos, conclui-se que a população não foi informada adequadamente pelos órgãos públicos, que a participação da população neste caso ainda está se iniciando e que existem mecanismos judiciais para o acesso à justiça, embora a maioria da população não os conheça. Como sugestão, a autora propõe a inserção da participação pública nas etapas do Projeto de Lei de Proteção da Qualidade do Solo e Gerenciamento de Áreas Contaminadas / The objective of this work is to evaluate the participation of the public at a contaminated site case in the State of São Paulo. The basis for the analysis was the three pillars established by the Aarhus Convention (right to access information, right of the public participation and right to access the justice). This tree pillar scheme is a consistent array of concepts regarding the public participation process in environmental matters. The concepts of the Convention were discussed under the view of several authors. To evaluate in the real world the use of the concepts of the CONVENTION a case study were performed: Vila Carioca Contaminated Site in the City of São Paulo. The methodology used were interviews with all main actors involved as local population, environmental state officials, journalist, public attorneys, NGO people, city council members and ,industry representative. The interviews were conducted in person. The results showed the different views and expectations about the problem for each actor, which was very interesting to understand how the conflicts can start. In order to compare the public participation in other country a The Woburn Case in USA was reviewed. The main findings were: that the public participation is far from the proposed by the Convention, mainly regarding access to information and public participation. Regarding the access to justice, even though the Brazilian Justice be slow and costly, the points required by the Convention do exist. As a result of the findings the author proposed a suggestion of items introducing participation of the public to be inserted in a Law Project regarding Management of Contaminated Sites, in discussion nowadays at the São Paulo State Congress

This thesis investigates the implementation of new urban water management and planningapproaches in Denmark, with a specific focus on integrating solutions for extreme rainfallevents and enhancing livability. The study explores the Principles of Water Wise Cities as aframework for incorporating these aspects through Water Sensitive Urban Designs (WSUD).The aim is to provide a clearer understanding of the implementation of Water Wise Cities andthe role of livability in the context of urban water. In order to investigate the aim, the research employs a document analysis of two planningdocuments for Marienlyst, an urban development project in Aarhus Municipality, Denmark.The findings highlight the prevalence of Water Wise Cities through WSUD in Danish urbanwater management. However, the analysis of Marienlyst reveals fragmented integration ofWSUD solutions, lacking the multifunctionality observed in other examples, calling for aholistic and systematic approach to planning that better integrates urban water managementsolutions.  The thesis emphasizes the need to expand the understanding of livability beyond recreation inMarienlyst, to encompass broader implications of enhancing livability through water. It arguesfor comprehensive integration of livability in planning processes to foster resilient and inclusiveurban and community development. The limitations of a top-down approach in conceptualizinglivability are underscored, emphasizing the importance of participatory processes thatincorporate local knowledge. The thesis also addresses the vague nature of the livabilityconcept, advocating for critical engagement and robust integration into planning processes tocreate sustainable and equitable urban environments. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the necessity of a holistic and participatory approach inurban water management, integrating innovative solutions for extreme rainfall events andenhancing livability. The findings contribute to the existing knowledge on urban watermanagement and underscore the ongoing importance of research and development for thecreation of resilient and livable cities. / Denna avhandling undersöker implementeringen av nya metoder för hantering och planeringav vatten i urbana områden i Danmark, med särskilt fokus på att integrera lösningar för extremaregnfall och skapa en bättre förståelse för konceptet ”liveability”. Studien utforskar principernaför Water Wise Cities som en ram för att inkorporera dessa aspekter genom Water SensetiveUrban Design (WSUD). Syftet är att ge en tydligare förståelse för implementeringen av WaterWise Cities och undersöka vilken roll ”liveability” erhåller inom dansk samhällsplanering. För att undersöka syftet använder forskningen en dokumentanalys av två planeringsdokumentför Marienlyst, ett stadsutvecklingsprojekt i Aarhus kommun, Danmark. Resultaten belyserförekomsten av Water Wise Cities genom diverse förslag som främjar implementeringen avWSUD i Marienlyst. Men analysen av Marienlyst avslöjar en fragmenterad integration avWSUD-lösningar som saknar den multifunktionalitet som observeras i andra exempel, vilketkräver ett holistiskt och systematiskt tillvägagångssätt för planering som bättre integrerarlösningar för stadsförvaltning av vatten. Avhandlingen betonar behovet av att utvidga förståelsen för liveability bortom rekreation iMarienlyst, för att omfatta bredare implikationer av att förbättra boendemiljön genom vatten.Den argumenterar för en omfattande integration av boendemiljön i planeringsprocesser för attfrämja en hållbar och inklusiv samhällsutveckling. Vidare problematiseras även debegränsningarna som tydliggörs med ett toppstyrt tillvägagångssätt vid främjandet avliveability konceptet, där större fokus på medborgardialog som inkorporerar lokal befolkningoch dess kunskap i processen rekommenderas. Avhandlingen problematiserar även den vagadefinitionen av liveability som begrepp och förespråkar därmed ett behov för ett kritisktperspektiv på hur vi tolkar begreppet i planeringsprocesser för att möjliggöra rättvisare urbanamiljöer. Slutligen belyser denna avhandling nödvändigheten av ett holistiskt och deltagandetillvägagångssätt inom hanteringen av vatten, genom att integrera innovativa lösningar förextrema regnfall och förbättra boendemiljön. Resultaten bidrar till den befintliga kunskapen omhanteringen av vatten och understryker den pågående betydelsen av forskning och utvecklingför skapandet av trivsamma och hållbara städer.

Public participation in the procedures under the Building Act Abstract This work deals with the participation of environmental NGOs in environmental decision-making with emphasis on the procedures under the Building Act. The purpose is to evaluate the level of public participation in the Czech Republic and assess whether it meets the international obligations. The protection of the environment relies on the activity of public authorities. However, the public participation also plays an important role in this matter. The public participation is a valuable tool of a democratic society, as it may help to protect the environment. The institute of public participation takes many different forms. The rights and duties related to the public participation may vary depending on its particular form. Natural and legal persons are both able to take part in decision-making of public authorities. Nevertheless, these two subjects have different position and may set up different claims in the administrative procedures. The institute of public participation is not regulated unanimously. The regulation varies upon different acts and areas of participation. The regulation of public participation exists at several levels - the international law, the law of the European Union, the national constitutional law and the Czech...

The subject of the thesis is right to information on the environment in the context of the free access to information. It is a progressive area of international law and czech law as well. Their common aim is to guarantee right to information to everybody without exceptions and to remove effectively the obstacles in access to the information. Environmental information are useful instrument for establishment and strengthening of civil society. This thesis aims at anaylising the content, importance and position of all the principal sources of law and determines relationship between them. The thesis puts emphasis on the analysis of the czech law and on finding its possible deficiency.

PRÁVO NA INFORMACE O ŽIVOTNÍM PROSTŘEDÍ | 1 Right to information on the environment ABSTRACT The objective of this thesis is to outline a regulation of the right to environmental information. There are many various reasons for ensuring broad access to environmental information. Apart from necessity of open and transparent government and the general right to know condition of the environment people are living in, the access to environmental information is also recognised as one of the regulatory instruments of the environmental policy. The access to relevant information is a vital assumption for public participation in environmental protection activities, as only broad awareness of environmental matters can develop deeper understanding of the issue and influence the future behaviour and decisions of general public. The thesis is composed of four parts which are further divided into chapters and where appropriate also into subchapters. The first introductory part focuses on bases and reasons for legal regulation of the access to environmental information and contains of two chapters. First chapter concerns the general right to information as one of the internationally accepted human right and the second analyses reasons and development of special treatment of information on environment. Part Two of...

This thesis investigates the implementation of the Aarhus Convention in the Swedish forest sector, with the purpose to understand why the ratification has become so controversial and what the further implications may be for international environmental conventions. Employing a mixed-methods approach a three-part data collection of policy documents, media articles, and interviews with involved actors was done and later analysed through thematic analysis and an implementation-theory framework. From this, it was found that the main contention from the involved actors were based in conceptions of rights and values, and it is recommended for future research to investigate conflicts between different sorts of rights and sovereignty in the context of environmental policy.

1 Abstract The theme of the thesis is public participation in environmental decision-making. Its main aim is to analyse its current legal regulation in the Czech Republic and its deficiencies. The Czech Republic as a party to the Aarhus Convention and a member of the EU is obliged to ensure that the Czech legal regulation complies with the regulation of public participation contained in the Aarhus convention and the EU law. Therefore a small part of this thesis is devoted to analyse those regulation. Main focus, however, lies with the Czech regulation. The thesis examines the most important acts containing the regulation of public participation and draws attention to its deficiencies as well as to the relevant case law. While analysing the specific acts and their deficiencies the thesis focuses on two questions. Firstly, whether all the persons who should be granted the possibility to participate in environmental decision-making under the Aarhus Convention are given this possibility under the Czech law. And secondly, whether the given possibility is truly effective. Finally, the thesis deals with the possibility to redress the inadequate legal regulation by amending the current legislation or by changes in the judicial interpretation.