Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

In many early intensive behavioural intervention (EIBI) programs, such as the St.Amant Autism Programs in Manitoba, the Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills-Revised (ABLLS-R) is used as an assessment guide, a curriculum guide, and a skills tracking system. The ABLLS-R lists a total of 544 potential training tasks. In the St.Amant Autism Programs, the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities-Revised (ABLA-R) is also used to assess a child’s ability to learn to perform 6 tasks, called levels, which are hierarchical in difficulty. Research has demonstrated that training tasks comparable to failed ABLA-R levels are very difficult to teach using standard prompting and reinforcement procedures, and training tasks that are mismatched to a client’s highest-passed ABLA-R level result in more aberrant behaviours than matched tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the difficulty of the training tasks taught to children enrolled in the St.Amant Autism Early Learning Program matched the learning abilities of the children. In order to do so, five questions were examined based on the ABLLS-R, the ABLA-R, and archival data from the St.Amant Autism Programs. The results reveal several potentially important findings. First, observers who were knowledgeable about the ABLA-R reliably categorized 99 of the 544 ABLLS-R tasks into individual ABLA-R levels. Second, for a random sample of those 99 ABLLS-R tasks, Autism Consultants from the St.Amant Autism Programs averaged 90.5% agreement that those tasks were taught at the categorized ABLA-R levels. Third, across a sample of 14 children, 81% of their training tasks were mismatched to each child’s highest-passed ABLA-R level. Fourth, for that sample of 14 children and across their 31 maladaptive behaviour assessments, 61% of the assessments had a score representative of maladaptive behaviours. Fifth, for that same sample of children, their rates of acquisition of new training tasks were lower for mismatched tasks than for matched tasks. These findings have important implications for potentially improving the services that children with ASD are receiving from the St.Amant Autism Programs and other EIBI programs. / February 2016

Naphthoqinones are one of groups of secondary metabolites widespread in nature. The most important higher plant families containing naphthoqinones are Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Droseraceae, Ebenaceae, Juglandaceae, Nepenthaceae and Plumbaginaceae. Naphthoquinones are also products of secondary metabolism of some fungi, lichens and algae. Many investigators have interested in these compounds because of their broadrange biological activities; antibacterial, fungicidal, antiparasitic and insecticidal. In this work, we studied the effects of juglon on hydroponically grown seedlings of L.). Flax plants were exposed to solutions with various concentrations of juglon and the growth and development of pea (Pissum sativum) plants were analyzed. The results showed that juglon significantly affect the morphology and physiology of the pea (Pissum sativum) plants. Moreover, the production of ethylene was increased due to stress conditions.

This thesis deals with the exploration of the influence of various phytohormones, primarily the influence of abscisic acid on the process of maturation and the influence of auxin and gibberellin on the process of germination of two types of conifers, Abies alba and Picea abies, often used as a material in the discovery of somatic embryogenesis. Each genotype prefers specific concentration ABA. 15 uM and 45 uM is the most effective for the cell lines Abies alba; 15 uM and 30 uM ABA for Picea abies. Auxin (IBA) and gibberellin (GA3) did not support the growth of roots of Abies alba. The interaction between fungal cultures Paxillus involutus and Amanita muscaria and between the embryos during the germination was studied as well. Fungal culture Paxillus involutus had very fast speed of growth on the germination medium. Fungal culture Amanita muscaria was growing very slowly. The effect of fungi on the germination has not been observed.

Therapist burnout is of primary concern for individuals who provide ABA therapy for those with autism or related disabilities. Prolonged high levels of work-related stress increase the risk of negative interactions and emotional exhaustion among workers. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may alleviate this problem. ACT has been found to decrease levels of perceived work-related stress among direct care staff. The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate whether ACT would improve positive interactions among therapists for children with autism spectrum disorder. The results indicated that the percentage of positive interactions had improved an average of 23.1% and procedural fidelity improved an average of 7% across all three participants. This study extends that of previous research by supporting the efficacy of ACT in work environments. One implication of the current study is that it could benefit the psychological well-being of ABA therapists. Future studies should examine whether ACT-exercises influence the way therapists address challenging behavior as it pertains to the quality of services delivered.

Submitted by FRANCISCO JOSÉ DOMINGUES NETO null (fjdominguesneto@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-30T17:20:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FRANCISCO JOSÉ DOMINGUES NETO - FCA HORTICULTURA..pdf: 1303433 bytes, checksum: c71b7d47ccafba7d3a941efd36e0ee48 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-01T13:31:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dominguesneto_fj_me_bot.pdf: 1303433 bytes, checksum: c71b7d47ccafba7d3a941efd36e0ee48 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T13:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dominguesneto_fj_me_bot.pdf: 1303433 bytes, checksum: c71b7d47ccafba7d3a941efd36e0ee48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A cor das bagas de uvas tintas deve-se à antocianinas e seu acúmulo parece estar regulado, ao menos em parte, pelo ácido abscísico, sendo que aplicações exógenas desse regulador proporcionam o aumento na concentração de antocianinas na casca de uvas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido abscísico na cor das bagas e nas características físicas, químicas, bioquímicas e de armazenamento pós-colheita da uva ‘Rubi’. O experimento foi realizado em um vinhedo comercial da cv. Rubi enxertada no porta-enxerto 420-A, localizado no município de São Miguel Arcanjo, SP (23º 31’ S, 47º 35' O e altitude de 660 m), na safra 2014/15. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram das concentrações do isômero (S)-cis-ácido abscísico (S-ABA), sendo: Controle (0 mg L-1); 400 mg L-1 de S-ABA no início da maturação (IM); 400 mg L-1 no IM + 200 mg L-1 aos 25 dias após a primeira aplicação (25 DAPA) e 400 mg L-1 no IM + 400 mg L-1 aos 25 DAPA. Na ocasião da colheita, na porção equatorial das bagas foram determinadas as características colorimétricas com uso de colorímetro, obtendo as seguintes variáveis: L* (luminosidade), C* (saturação), hº (matiz) e índice de cor (CIRG). Avaliou-se também a massa fresca, comprimento e largura do cacho, baga e engaço, número de bagas por cacho, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez, pH, açúcares redutores, clorofilas, antocianinas, carotenoides, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante, além da perda de massa, degrana, podridão e período de conservação da uva. A aplicação de S-ABA promoveu pouco efeito sobre as características físicas dos cachos e bagas e nenhum efeito sobre o engaço, no entanto, propiciou aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis e na relação sólidos solúveis/acidez do mosto. O S-ABA exerceu efeito sobre o acúmulo de antocianinas das bagas da uva ‘Rubi’, além de propiciar a melhoria dos atributos de cor das bagas, evidenciada pela menor luminosidade e saturação, que conferem cor mais escura às bagas, e também pela maior média de CIRG, variando de 2,9 a 3,1 para as bagas tratadas. Para a conservação da uva, verificou-se que o S-ABA proporcionou menor perda de massa dos cachos, e consequentemente elevou a podridão, evidenciada pela maior quantidade de água. / The berries’ grapes color is due to the anthocyanins and their accumulation seems to be adjusted, at least in part, by the abscisic acid, in which exogenous application of this regulator provides an increase in the concentration of anthocyanins in the grape skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid in the color of the berries and the physical characteristics, chemical, biochemical and postharvest storage of grape ‘Rubi’. The experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard cv. Rubi grafted on rootstock 420-A, located in São Miguel Arcanjo, SP (23º 31’ S, 47º 35' W and the altitude of 660 m) in the 2014/15 crop. A randomized block design was used, with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of isomer concentrations of (S)-cis-abscisic acid (S-ABA), as follows: Control (0 mg L-1); 400 mg L-1 S-ABA in the early maturation (EM); 400 mg L-1 to EM + 200 mg L-1 25 days after first application (25 DAFA) and 400 mg L-1 to EM + 400 mg L-1 to the 15 DAFA. At the time of harvest, in the equatorial portion of the berries were determined colorimetric characteristics with use of colorimeter, obtaining the following variables: L* (lightness), S* (saturation), hº (hue) and color index (CIRG). It was also evaluated the fresh weight, length and width of the cluster, berry and stem, number of berries per cluster, soluble solids, titratable acidity, relationship soluble solids/acidity, pH, reducing sugars, chlorophyll, anthocyanins, carotenoids, total compound phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity, besides weight loss, threshing, rot and grape storage time. The S-ABA application promoted little effect on the physical characteristics of the berries and clusters and no effect on stems, however, resulted in increased soluble solids and relationship soluble solids/acidity of the must. The S-ABA exerted effect on anthocyanins accumulation of grape berries ‘Rubi’, as well as providing improved color attributes berries as evidenced by the lower lightness and saturation, which give darker color to berries, and also by higher average CIRG, ranging from 2,9 to 3,1 for the treated berries. For grape storage, it was found that the S-ABA resulted in less loss of weight of the clusters, and consequently increased of rot, as evidenced by the greater amount of water retained in clusters.

N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous plant lipids hydrolyzed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). When wildtype Arabidopsis thaliana seeds were germinated and grown in exogenous NAE 12:0 (35 µM and above), growth was severely reduced in a concentration dependent manner. Wildtype A. thaliana seeds sown on exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) exhibited similar growth reduction to that seen with NAE treatment. AtFAAH knockouts grew and developed similarly to WT, but AtFAAH overexpressor lines show markedly enhanced sensitivity to ABA. When low levels of NAE and ABA, which have very little effect on growth alone, were combined, there was a dramatic reduction in seedling growth in all three genotypes, indicating a synergistic interaction between ABA and NAE. Notably, this synergistic arrest of seedling growth was partially reversed in the ABA insensitive (abi) mutant abi3-1, indicating that a functional ABA signaling pathway is required for the full synergistic effect. This synergistic growth arrest results in an increased accumulation of NAEs, but no concomitant increase in ABA levels. The combined NAE and ABA treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in ABI3 transcript levels, which was inversely related to growth. The ABA responsive genes AtHVA22B and RD29B also had increased expression in both NAE and ABA treatment. The abi3-1 mutant showed no expression of ABI3 and AtHVA22B, but RD29B expression remained similar to wildtype seedlings, suggesting an alternate mechanism for NAE and ABA interaction. Taken together, these data suggest that NAE metabolism acts through ABI3-dependent and independent pathways in the negative regulation of seedling development.

La sequía y la salinidad representan estreses ambientales que afectan de forma crítica el crecimiento de las plantas y limitan enormemente su potencial agrícola. La fitohormona ácido abcísico (ABA) juega un papel fundamental en la coordinación de la respuesta y adaptación de las plantas a este tipo de estreses, así como en la regulación del crecimiento y desarrollo vegetal. Elementos intermediarios de la ruta de señalización ya habían sido caracterizados, pero aún se desconocía el mecanismo de percepción y transducción de señal de la hormona. Este trabajo de tesis ha contribuido a la caracterización de una nueva familia de receptores intracelulares de la hormona ABA, formada por 14 miembros y denominada PYR/PYL (de pyrabactin resistance / PYR1-like) /RCAR (de Regulatory Component of Abscisic acid Receptor), y a su caracterización estructural y bioquímica. Estas proteínas son capaces de unir de forma específica la hormona ABA. La unión de la hormona induce en estos receptores un cambio conformacional, que les permite regular la actividad de los reguladores negativos de la ruta: fosfatasas del grupo A como ABI1, ABI2 o HAB1 ( Leung et al., 1994; Meyer et al.,1994; Saez et al., 2004). Para la caracterización de estos receptores se han llevado a cabo abordajes genéticos, bioquímicos, de calorimetría y estudios estructurales. / Santiago Cuéllar, J. (2011). Structural insights into ABA perception and signalling: structure of ABA receptor PYR1 [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/13260 / Palancia

In loquat, apex of a current shoot changes from vegetative to reproductive stage during summer, i.e. under high temperature conditions. Indeed, just before floral bud differentiation, a decline in the growth rate due to high temperature takes place. The aim of this work is to study the role of this 'summer rest period' on the apex transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. For this purpose 1) sprouting of secondary shoots was promoted at different times, removing the main shoot, before, during and after floral bud differentiation occurred and 2) groups of trees were shifted to a greenhouse under average maximum temperature not exceeding 25 ° C during different periods from June to October. Floral bud differentiation was evaluated. LEAFY (LFY), APETALA (AP1), TERMINAL FLOWERING 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1) expression and hormonal content in abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (CKs) were analyzed in bud collected during the summer. Results suggest that the date of shoot apex removal determining floral bud differentiation of new shoots, so that the percentage of the new reproductive shoots reduced with the delaying of apex removal. On the other hand, maximum average temperature not exceeding 25 ° C prevented floral bud differentiation. Buds of the trees under indoors conditons displayed lower expression of identity floral genes EjLFY and EjAP1 than buds of trees grown in field. On the contrary, the floral repressor EjTFL1 and EjFT1 gene expressed higher in buds of the trees grown indoors. Time-course of ABA decreased in buds of trees grown in field during studied period while in buds of trees under greenhouse conditions displayed a growing trend. Time-course of GAs, IAA and CKs concentrations did not show remarkable differences between buds of trees growing under field and indoors conditions. Accordingly, 1) secondary shoots emerged from mid- August are unfitness to flower and 2) maximum average tempertature 25±1 °C during the summer prevents floral bud differentiation, enhances ABA biosynthesis, reduces EjLFY and EjAP1 expression and enhance EjTFL1 expression in the apex. / El níspero japonés diferencia sus yemas durante el verano, después de un periodo de ralentización del crecimiento vegetativo ligado a las altas temperaturas que se conoce como reposo estival. El objetivo de esta tesis fue estudiar la influencia de la parada estival en la diferenciación floral de esta especie. Para ello se diseñó un experimento en el que se forzó la brotación de brotes anticipados eliminado el ápice principal en diferentes fechas entre julio y septiembre, antes, durante y después de la parada estival. Paralelamente se diseñó otro experimento en el que se cambiaron las condiciones climáticas a grupos de árboles manteniéndolos en un invernadero a una temperatura máxima media de 25 °C durante diferentes periodos de diversa duración. Se evaluó la diferenciación floral y se analizó la expresión de los genes relacionados con la floración LEAFY (LFY), APETALA (AP1), TERMINAL FLOWERING 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1) y el contenido hormonal en ácido abscisico (ABA), giberelinas (GAs), ácido indolácetico (AIA) y citoquininas (CKs) en yemas terminales muestreadas a lo largo del verano. Los resultados indican que la fecha de brotación modifica la diferenciación floral de los brotes anticipados siendo el porcentaje de brotes reproductivos inversamente proporcional a la fecha de eliminación del meristemo. Del mismo modo unas condiciones de temperatura máxima no superior a 25 °C impidieron la diferenciación floral. Las yemas de los árboles que estuvieron bajo dichas condiciones mantuvieron unos niveles de expresión de los genes de identidad floral, EjLFY y EjAP1, mucho menor que la de los árboles en condiciones de campo. Por el contrario, la expresión del represor EjTFL1 y del gen EjFT1 fue mayor en los árboles en invernadero. Por otro lado, el contenido endógeno de ABA descendió en los árboles situados en el campo durante el periodo de estudio mientras que en los árboles situados en el invernadero tuvo una evolución ascendente. Las concentraciones de GAs, AIA y CKs no mostraron prácticamente diferencias entre los ápices de los árboles mantenidos en campo y en invernadero. De acuerdo con ello, 1) los brotes anticipados surgidos a partir de mitad de agosto son incapaces de florecer y 2) la ausencia de altas temperaturas del verano promueve la acumulación de ABA, aumenta la expresión del gen represor (EjTFL1) y reduce la expresión de los genes de identidad floral (EjLFY y EjAP1) en yemas de níspero impidiendo su diferenciación floral. / El nispro japonés diferència les seus gemmes durant l'estiu, després d'un període d'alentiment del creixement vegetatiu lligat a les altes temperatures que es coneix com repòs estival. L'objectiu d'aquesta Tesi va ser estudiar la influència de la parada estival en la diferenciació floral d'aquesta espècie. Per a això es va dissenyar un experiment en què es va forçar la aparició dels brots anticipats eliminat l'àpex principal en diferents dates entre juliol i setembre, abans, durant i després de l'aturada estival. Paral·lelament es va dissenyar un altre experiment en què es van canviar les condicions climàtiques a grups d'arbres mantenint-los en un hivernacle a una temperatura màxima mitjana de 25 °C durant diferents períodes de diversa durada. Es va avaluar la diferenciació floral i es va analitzar l'expressió dels gens relacionats amb la floració LEAFY (LFY), APETALA (AP1), TERMINAL FLOWERING 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1) i el contingut hormonal en àcid abscísic (ABA) , gibberel·lines (GAs), àcid indolacètic (AIA) i citoquinines (CKs) en gemmes terminals mostrejades al llarg de l'estiu. Els resultats indiquen que la data de brotació modifica la diferenciació floral dels brots anticipats i el percentatge de brots reproductius es inversament proporcional a la data d'eliminació del meristema. De la mateixa manera unes condicions de temperatura màxima no superior a 25 ° C varen impedir la diferenciació floral. Les gemmes dels arbres que van estar sota aquestes condicions van mantenir uns nivells d'expressió dels gens d'identitat floral, EjLFY i EjAP1, molt menor que la dels arbres en condicions de camp. Per contra, l'expressió del repressor EjTFL1 i del gen EjFT1 va ser més gran en els arbres en hivernacle. D'altra banda, el contingut endogen d'ABA va baixar en els arbres situats al camp durant el període d'estudi mentre que en els arbres situats a l'hivernacle va tenir una evolució ascendent. Les concentracions de GAs, AIA i CKS no van mostrar pràcticament diferències entre els àpexs dels arbres mantinguts en camp i en hivernacle. D'acord amb això, 1) els brots anticipats sorgits a partir de meitat d'agost són incapaços de florir i 2) l'absència d'altes temperatures de l'estiu promou l'acumulació d'ABA, augmenta l'expressió del gen repressor (EjTFL1) i redueix l'expressió dels gens d'identitat floral (EjLFY i EjAP1) en gemmes de nispro del Japó impedint la seva diferenciació floral. / García Lorca, AL. (2017). Temperature regulating floral bud differentiation in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Hormonal and genetic aspects [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79873 / TESIS

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