Depuis sa découverte en 1964, l’étude du Fond Diffus Cosmologique dans le domaine des longueurs d’ondes millimétriques est devenue un enjeu majeur de la recherche expérimentale dans le domaine de la cosmologie. En particulier, ses anisotropies en température, mesurées pour la première fois par le satellite COBE puis plus finement par l’expérience WMAP et le satellite PLANCK. L’existence prédite d’anisotropies de polarisation du Fond Diffus Cosmologique est fait actuellement parti du champ d’expérimentation privilégié de l’étude du CMB. En effet, la preuve d’existence des modes B de polarisation, signature unique des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales, fait actuellement l’objet d’une recherche expérimentale intensive par le biais notamment de l’instrument BICEP2 qui aurait détecté sa signature en 2014 dans des valeurs du rapport tenseur sur scalaire r = 0,2. Le projet QUBIC fait parti de ces expériences destinées à révéler les modes B de polarisation grâce à son instrument basé sur la technique des interféromètres et sur le développement de matrice de bolomètres, demandant un champ d’investigation poussé englobant, entre autre, la physique des solides, la physique des basses températures et la cosmologie. La thèse présentée ici se situe dans ce cadre, avec pour objectif l’élaboration d’une matrice de bolomètres dont la performance et l’optimisation devrait permettre d’acquérir la sensibilité nécessaire à l’observation des modes B de polarisation. Les différentes techniques expérimentales acquises au CSNSM d’Orsay permettent en effet d’envisager l’optimisation des éléments clé de la matrice de bolomètre en s’appuyant notamment sur l’alliage amorphe de NbxSi1-x pour l’élaboration d’un senseur thermique optimisé, et sur un matériau novateur, l’alliage de titane-vanadium, pour la mise au point d’un absorbeur de rayonnement supraconducteur efficace, dont la faible chaleur spécifique doit permettre d’atteindre un temps de réponse du détecteur de l’ordre de la dizaine de milliseconde, valeur du temps de réponse nécessaire à une lecture efficace du signal du Fond Diffus Cosmologique. Le manuscrit de thèse ici présent a pour ambition de développer les principes physiques nécessaires au champ d’investigation du travail à accomplir. Ainsi, cette étude propose d’élaborer les différents éléments d’un bolomètre, réunissant un senseur thermique optimisé ainsi qu’un absorbeur de rayonnement de faible chaleur spécifique, permettant d’envisager la mise au point d’une matrice de bolomètres optimisée dans le cadre du projet QUBIC dont la campagne d’observation est prévue courant 2015 au dôme C du pôle Sud. / Since its discovery in 1964, the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) in the field as of millimetre-length wavelengths became a major stake of experimental research in the field of cosmology. In particular, its anisotropies in temperature, measured for the first time by satellite COBE then more finely by the experiment WMAP and the PLANCK satellite. The predicted existence of anisotropies of polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background is currently been part of the privileged field of experimentation of the study of the CMB. Indeed, the proof of exists modes B of polarization, single signature of the paramount gravitational waves, currently is the object of an intensive experimental research by the means in particular of the instrument BICEP2 which would have detected its signature in 2014 in values of the tensor report on scalar R = 0.2. Project QUBIC makes party of these experiments intended to reveal the modes B of polarization thanks to its instrument based on the technique of the interferometers and the development of bolometers array, asking for a thorough field of investigation including, amongst other things, the solid state physics, the physics of the low temperatures and cosmology. The thesis presented here is within this framework, with for objective making of a bolometers array whose performance and optimization should make it possible to acquire the necessary sensitivity to the observation of the B-mode polarization. The various experimental techniques acquired with the CSNSM of Orsay indeed make it possible to consider the optimization of the key elements of the bolometers array while being pressed in particular on amorphous alloy of NbxSi1-x for making of an optimized thermal sensor, and on an innovative material, titanium-vanadium alloy, for the clarification of an effective superconducting absorber of radiation, whose low specific heat must make it possible to reach a response time of the detector about ten millisecond, value of the response time necessary to an effective reading of the signal of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The manuscript of thesis here present has as an ambition to develop the physical principles necessary to the field of investigation of work to be achieved. Thus, this study proposes to work out the various elements of a bolometer, joining together a thermal sensor optimized as well as an absorber of radiation of low specific heat, making it possible to consider the clarification of a bolometers array optimized within the framework of the project QUBIC whose observation campaign is envisaged during 2015 with the dome C of the south pole.

A wave cavity resonator (WCR) is investigated to determine the suitability of the device as an energy harvester in rivers or tidal flows. The WCR consists of coupling between self-excited oscillations of turbulent flow of water in an open channel along the opening of a rectangular cavity and the standing gravity wave in the cavity. The device was investigated experimentally for a range of inflow velocities, cavity opening lengths, and characteristic depths of the water. Determining appropriate models and empirical relations for the system over a range of depths allows for accuracy when designing prototypes and tools for determining the suitability of a particular river or tidal flow as a potential WCR site. The performance of the system when coupled with a wave absorber/generator is also evaluated for a range piston strokes in reference to cavity wave height. Video recording of the oscillating free-surface inside the resonator cavity in conjunction with free-surface elevation measurements using a capacitive wave gauge provides representation of the resonant wave modes of the cavity as well as the degree of the flow-wave coupling in terms of the amplitude and the quality factor of the associated spectral peak. Moreover, application of digital particle image velocimetry (PIV) provides insight into the evolution of the vortical structures that form across the cavity opening. Coherent oscillations were attainable for a wide range of water depths. Variation of the water depth affected the degree of coupling between the shear layer oscillations and the gravity wave as well as the three-dimensionality of the flow structure. In terms of the power investigation, conducted with the addition of a load cell and linear table-driven piston, the device is likely limited to running low power instrumentation unless it can be up-scaled. Up-scaling of the system, while requiring additional design considerations, is not unreasonable; large-scale systems of resonant water waves and the generation of large scale vortical structures due to tidal or river flows are even observed naturally. / Graduate / 0547 / 0548 / reaumejd@uvic.ca

Inexhaustible solar energy, which provides a clean, economic and green energy, seems to be an alternative solution, for current and future energy demands. Harvesting solar energy presents a challenge in using eco-friendly, earth abundant and inexpensive materials. Although present CdTe and Cu (In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) technologies, provide light-to-electricity comparable to silicon technology, toxicity of Cd and scarcity of In limits the widespread utilization. Future tera-watt level module capacity would then be feasible by the low-cost technologies. The chalcogenide thin film technology would therefore provide the exceptional utilization in the large-area module monolithic integrations benefitting from the low material consumption owing to the direct band gap. The current thesis presents the results obtained from the quest of other thin film materials and their utilization to an unconventional Cd-free buffer layer. The films suitability for the future applications was assessed through photovoltaics device studies in a comparative manner. Chapter-1 deals with the motivation for the solar energy and the importance of thin film photovoltaics. Alternative materials which are abundantly available would help to reach the future tera watt level production, where the conventional silicon technology alone cannot satisfy the global energy demand. The utilization of non-conventional thin film based solar cells and their working principles were elucidated. The histories of the copper based alternative materials were introduced. Chapter-2 deals with the versatile thin film growth technique that has been designed fabricated and installed further which can handle the growth of the absorber and the top TCO layers with insitu sulphurisation. The methodology of the absorber deposition was discussed in detail. The experimental details for the co-sputtering of CuInAl alloy were presented. A novel selenization method, assisted by the combination of inert gases was developed for the annealing of CuInAl alloyed precursor films. Chapter-3 deals with the presentation of the results obtained on buffer and window layers. Chemical Bath deposition technique was employed for the growth and optimization of the conventional CdS and non-toxic buffer ZnS buffer layers. A) Cadmium sulphide thin films suitable for the utilization of high efficiency solar cells were optimized. Optimization of the buffer involved the effects of cadmium precursors, ammonia concentration and buffer capsule effect. A green route was presented so as to consume the precursors to the maximum extent possible. B) The alternative non-toxic buffer Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) thin films were successfully grown using the above optimized conditions. Moreover the window layer was also optimized for better device partner. Zinc Oxide was used as a n-type partner for the p-type CIS films. The ZnO films were grown by the RF-sputtering from the single cathode exhibited good crystallinity with Zincite structure (hexagonal ZnS, a= 3.249A0 and c= 5.205A0). All the grown films showed high resistivity. Al: ZnO thin films were optimized in two methods 1) by dc co-sputtering from the elemental cathodes, Zinc and Aluminum, 2) dc-sputtering from the single 2% Al-doped ZnO cathode. Low resistivity Al:ZnO thin films were deposited in both the cases. Effect of Aluminum doping into ZnO crystal lattice upon the optical and electrical properties were discussed. Chapter-4 deals with the synthesis of various absorber materials, characterizations and some properties. Briefly the A) Optimization of the CuIn1-xAlxSe2 phase with better adhesion and better crystallinity. Aluminum doping into the crystal lattice of CuInSe2 aided the wide band gap tuning of CIAS thin films. Morphological investigations were carried out for the different set of thin films before and after selenization. Effects of copper and Aluminum concentrations on the lattice parameter of the selenized thin films were addressed. The present chapter deals with the A) electrical properties of CIAS films and its heterojunction partners. Resistivity measurements and effects of Cu/In ratio and the effect of Al doping were described in detail. The CIAS/ZnO heterostructure, CIAS/Al:ZnO heterostructure junction properties as a function of different sun illuminations were discussed. B) The alternative earth abundant, eco-friendly, non-toxic elements Cu2ZnSnS4, absorber thin films synthesis and characterizations. Photo conductive photo measurements showed CZTS a potential candidate for near infra-red photodectection. C) Cu2CoSnS4 (CCTS) nanostructures and quantum dots were synthesized via simple chemical routes. CCTS quantum dots were tuned to exhibit the red edge effect and cold white phosphors. D) Cu3BiS3 nano rods were synthesized and characterized structurally and optically. The transport properties of Cu3BiS3 nanorods were tailored for showing the metallic to semiconducting transitions. Chapter-5 Discusses the A) Efforts made in understanding the CIAS based solar cells through interfaces such as CIAS/ZnO, Mo/CIAS, CIAS/CdS/i-ZnO/Al:ZnO and improving the open circuit voltage VOC upon a rotating substrate, involving the inline and in situ processes, for fabricating the cell/ module were discussed. The device statistics for various set of cells were analyzed. B) Solar cells of CTS absorber with the non-toxic buffer ZnS were fabricated and device properties were analyzed. C) CCTS quantum dots embedded in the polymer matrix were utilized for making the inverted hybrid solar devices in combination of ITO/AZnO bilayered contact replacing the acidic PEDOT: PSS. D) The solar cells made of CCTS hollow spheres by spin coating the absorber in the configuration SLG/Mo/CCTS/CdS/ iZno-AZnO/Ni-Al-Al showed a lower efficiency of 0.02%. Chapter-6 concludes with the summary of present investigations and the scope for future work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:38:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Guimaraes Rosa.pdf: 6486656 bytes, checksum: 6fc9fe7875ed2cceb89c9f5179b9f028 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / In this thesis, we present results on the fabrication, transfer and characterization of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene and exfoliated graphene over glass and optical fiber substrates, to study optical properties of graphene and its application as a saturable absorber for Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). Monolayer CVD graphene and stacked CVD graphene samples were fabricated and characterized, transferred to the transverse face of optical fibers, and a study on the relation between the optical properties of graphene samples and the properties of ultrashort laser pulses generated in (EDFL) was performed. Furthermore, we have developed a technique for transferring exfoliated nanomaterials which allowed us to transfer exfoliated graphene onto optical fiber s faces and align the graphene flake to the fiber core. With this transfer technique it is possible to fabricate samples with controlled number of graphene layers onto optical fiber faces. As application, we demonstrate ultrashort pulse generation in Erbium-doped fiber laser with exfoliated monolayer graphene samples as saturable absorber. This is the first time that ultrashort laser pulses are generated with a single exfoliated monolayer graphene sample. / Nesta tese, apresentamos resultados sobre a fabricação, transferência e caracterização de grafeno CVD (grafeno fabricado por deposição química de vapor chemical vapour deposition) e de grafeno esfoliado em substratos de vidro e em fibras ópticas, para o estudo das propriedades ópticas do grafeno e sua aplicação como absorvedor saturável em laser à fibra dopada com Érbio (EDFL). Foram fabricadas e caracterizadas amostras de grafeno CVD monocamada e de grafeno CVD empilhado, transferidas para a face transversal de fibras ópticas, e com estas amostras foram feitos estudos sobre a relação entre as propriedades ópticas do grafeno e as propriedades de pulsos ultracurtos gerados em EDFL. Além disto, desenvolvemos uma técnica para a transferência de nanomateriais esfoliados que permitiu a transferência de grafeno esfoliado para fibras ópticas e seu alinhamento com o núcleo da fibra. Com esta técnica de transferência é possível fabricar amostras com controlado número de camadas de grafeno em fibra óptica. Como aplicação, demonstramos a geração de pulsos em EDFL com uma amostra de grafeno esfoliado monocamada como absorvedor saturável. Esta é a primeira vez que pulsos ultracurtos são gerados em lasers à fibra com amostra de grafeno esfoliado de uma única camada sobre a face transversal da fibra óptica.

Abstract Although gain-switching is a simple, well-established technique for obtaining ultrashort optical pulses generated with laser diodes, the optical energy in a pulse achievable from commercial structures using this technique is no more than moderate and the ‘spiking’ behaviour seen at turn-on is likely to evolve into trailing oscillations. This thesis investigates, develops and improves laser diodes in order to offer experimentally verified solutions for maximizing the optical energy so as to achieve a peak power of several watts in a single optical pulse of picosecond-range duration in the gain-switching operation regime, and for suppressing the energy located in any trailing pulses to a negligible level relative to the total optical pulse energy. This was addressed by means of either (i) an ultrashort pump current pulse with an amplitude range ~(1–10) A or (ii) custom laser diode structures, both options being capable of operating uncooled at room temperature (23±3°C). For the first solution a unique superfast gallium arsenide (GaAs) avalanche transistor was utilized as a switch in order to achieve an injection current pulse with a duration of < 1 ns, which is short enough to generate only a first optical ‘spike’ when pumping a commercial laser diode. The most promising structure with regard to the second solution was an edge-emitting semiconductor laser having a strongly asymmetric broadened double heterostructure with a relatively thick active layer. Laser pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ~100 ps and an optical energy of >3 nJ but with some trailing oscillations were achieved in experiments employing injection current pulses in the nanosecond range with an amplitude of ≤17 A, generated using inexpensive silicon (Si) electronics. The performance was improved by introducing a saturable absorber (SA) into the laser cavity, which suppressed the formation of trailing oscillations, resulting in a single optical pulse. / Tiivistelmä ”Gain switching” (vahvistuskytkentä) on tunnettu tekniikka lyhyiden (<100 ps) optisten pulssien generoimiseen laserdiodeilla. Kaupallisia laserdiodirakenteita käyttäen optinen energia rajoittuu kuitenkin 10…100 pJ:n tasolle. Tällöinkin, erityisesti suurilla energiatasoilla, optisessa pulssissa ilmenee voimakkaita jälkioskillaatioita. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkittiin ja kehitettiin kokeellisesti varmennettuja laserdiodilähetinrakenteita tavoitteena saavuttaa >1 nJ:n optisen pulssin energia ja ~100 ps:n pulssinpituus gain-switching -toimintamoodissa. Tavoitteena oli myös minimoida jälkipulssien energia. Tutkimuksen pääsisältönä on kaksi toimintaperiaatetta: Toisessa tekniikassa päähuomio kohdistuu laseridiodin virta-ajuriin, johon kehitettiin elektroniikka, joka kykenee tuottamaan nopeita virtapulsseja laajalla pulssivirta-alueella. Virtapulssin nopeuden kasvattamisen (<1 ns) osoitettiin edistävän gain switching -ilmiötä. Toisena tekniikkana tutkittiin räätälöityä laserdiodirakennetta, joka sisäisen toimintansa perusteella tuottaa dynaamisessa ohjaustilanteessa tehokkaan ja nopean laserpulssin. Kummankin periaatteen osoitettiin toimivan huonelämpötilassa (23±3°C) ilman erillistä jäähdytystä. Ensimmäisessä ratkaisussa käytettiin nopeaa gallium-arsenidi (GaAs) -avalanchetransistoria virtakytkimenä, jolla saavutettiin <1 ns FWHM injektiovirtapulssi 10 A:n virtatasolla. Tällainen virtapulssi on riittävän lyhyt virittämään ”gain switching” -ilmiön nJ-energiatasolla. Lupaavin rakenne toiseksi ratkaisuksi oli reunaemittoiva puolijohdelaseri, jossa epäsymmetrinen aaltoputki ja aktiivinen alue ovat sijoitettu normaalista laserdiodirakenteesta poiketen rinnakkain. Tällä rakenteella voitiin tuottaa ~100 ps levyisiä (FWHM) ja >3 nJ optisen kokonaisenergian omavia laserpulsseja edullisella pii-pohjaisella (Si) elektroniikalla luoduilla 1.5–2 ns:n (FWHM) ≤17 A injektiovirtapulsseilla. Suorituskykyä saatiin edelleen parannettua istuttamalla saturoiva absorbaattori (SA) laserin optiseen onteloon. Tämän osoitettiin vähentävän jälkioskillaatioiden muodostumista.

Currently conventional sources like coal, petroleum and natural gas meet the energy requirements of developing and undeveloped countries. Over a period of time there is high risk of these energy sources getting depleted. Hence an alternate source of energy i.e. renewable energy is the need of the hour. The advantages of renewable energy like higher sustainability, lesser maintenance, low cost of operation, and minimal impact on the environment make the role of renewable energy sources significant. Out of the various renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, biogas, tidal and geothermal, usage of solar energy is gradually increasing. Among various solar energy sources, Photovoltaics has dominated over the past two decades since it is free clean energy and availability of abundant sunlight on earth. Over the past few decades, thin film solar cells (TFSC) have gained considerable interest as an economically feasible alternative to conventional silicon (Si) photovoltaic devices. TFSCs have the potential to be as efficient as Si solar cells both in terms of conversion efficiency as well as cost. The advantages of TFSC are that they are easy to prepare, lesser thickness, requires lesser materials, light weight, low cost and opto-electronic properties can be tuned by varying the process parameters. The present study is focused on the fabrication of AgInS2/ZnS heterojunction thin film solar cell. AgInS2 absorber layer is deposited using both vacuum (sputtering/sulfurization) and non-vacuum (ultrasonic spray pyrolysis) techniques. ZnS window layer is prepared using thermal evaporation technique, detailed experimental investigation has been conducted and the results have been reported in this work. The thesis is divided into 6 chapters. Chapter 1 gives general introduction about solar cells and working principle of solar cell. It also discusses thin film solar cell technology and its advantages. Layers of thin film solar cell structure, Significance of each layers and possible materials to be used are emphasized. A detailed overview of the available literature on both AgInS2 absorber layer and ZnS window layer has been presented. Based on the literature review, objectives of the present work are defined. Chapter 2 explains the theory and experimental details of deposition techniques used for the growth of AgInS2 and ZnS films. Details of characterization techniques to study film properties are described in detail. Chapter 3 presents a systematic study of AgInS2 thin films deposited by sulfurization of sputtered Ag-In metallic precursors. Initially, AgInS2 films are deposited by varying the substrate temperature and properties of as-deposited films are characterized. Structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of AgInS2 films are explained. From these studies, samples with better properties at particular substrate temperature are optimized. By fixing the substrate temperature, deposition time of silver is varied by keeping other deposition conditions same and the properties of films are discussed. It was observed that deposition time of silver doesn’t have much impact on structural properties of AgInS2 films. However, opto-electric properties of AgInS2 films are enhanced. Based on characterization studies, deposition time of silver is optimized. Deposition time of indium is varied by keeping substrate temperature and silver deposition to optimized value. The properties of as-deposited films are discussed. Based on the above studies, the optimized p type films have a band gap of 1.64 eV, carrier concentration of 1013 ions/cm3 and Resistivity of order 103 Ω-cm. Chapter 4 presents a systematic study of AgInS2 thin films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. AgInS2 films are deposited by varying the substrate temperature and properties of as deposited films are characterized. Structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of AgInS2 films are explained. From these studies, samples with better properties at particular substrate temperature are optimized. By fixing the substrate temperature, concentration of silver molarity in the precursor solution is varied by keeping other deposition conditions same and the properties of films are discussed. Structural, optical and electrical properties of AgInS2 films are enhanced with the increase in silver concentration. Based on characterization studies, concentration of silver is optimized. Similarly concentration of indium molarity in the precursor solution is varied and the properties of as-deposited films are discussed. Finally, sulfur molarity in the precursor solution is varied and properties of films are discussed. It was observed that increasing sulfur after certain limit does not have any effect on the properties of the films. Based on the above studies, this method resulted in the films with resistivity of 103 Ω-cm and band gap of 1.64 eV. These films showed a carrier concentration of 1013 ions/cm3. Chapter 5 describes the growth of ZnS films using thermal evaporation technique. Influence of thickness on the properties of ZnS films is explained. Samples with good crystallinity, high transmission, and wider gap are selected for device fabrication. This p type layer showed a band gap of 3.52 eV. Solar cells have been fabricated using the AgInS2 films developed by both sputtering and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis techniques. A maximum cell efficiency of 0.92 percent has been achieved for the cell with 0.950 µm thick sputtered AgInS2 layer and thermally evaporated 42 nm thick ZnS layer. In comparison, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposited films gave an efficiency of 0.54 percent. These values are comparable to those mentioned in a couple of reports earlier. Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions drawn from the present investigations and scope of future work is suggested.

This diploma thesis deals with problematics of tram tracks with vegetation cover. The research part of the work contains the overview of currently used systems of green tram tracks in Europe and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to sustainability of a vegetation cover. 3 different variations of a green tram track at a particular location in Brno at Nové Sady street are compared in the second part of the thesis. The low maintenance vegetation and intesively planted vegetation are compared from both financial and ecological points of view. Life cycle costs analysis and multicriterial analysis were used for the comparison.

Thesis deal with proposal construction Chalder for centreless grinding machine Jupiter 125. Chalder is designed for workpiece with maximum average 12 mm, maximum longitude 120 mm and mass 0,1 kg. In the thesis are described components that were used at solving and intended time exchanges workpiece, the economics estimation and processed needed design documentation.

L'usure ondulatoire des rails associée aux vibrations de torsion des essieux de métro a été mise en évidence il y a près d'un demi siècle. L'utilisation d'absorbeurs dynamiques comme solution potentielle à ce problème a été suggérée pour la première fois dans le projet américain du TCRP "Rail Corrugation Mitigation in Transit" en 1998. Cette thèse, réalisée dans le cadre du projet européén "Wheel-rail CORRUGATION in Urban transport", a pour objectif de concevoir un absorbeur dynamique et d'étudier son influence sur la réduction de l'usure ondulatoire liée aux vibrations de torsion. Dans le cadre de ce travail, d'autres types d'usure ondulatoire ont également été traités par des absorbeurs dynamiques.<p><p>Les trois premiers chapitres de cette thèse sont dédiés à la description des différents types d'usure ondulatoire et à la présentation des méthodes de prédiction. La méthode de dimensionnement des absorbeurs dynamiques est présentée au chapitre 4, ainsi que quelques perspectives de leur efficacité à réduire l'usure ondulatoire. Dans le chapitre 5, un tronçon réel du RER parisien a été étudié. D'une part les prédictions obtenues par différentes méthodes ont été comparées aux mesures sur site. D'autre part, le bénéfice résultant de l'utilisation d'un absorbeur dynamique a été étudié numériquement. Dans le chapitre 6, le cas de l'usure ondulatoire liée aux vibrations de torsion a été étudié spécifiquement. Un absorbeur dynamique a été développé pour réduire ce type d'usure ondulatoire. Son efficacité a été évaluée théoriquement et numériquement, avec un modèle multi-corps flexible du véhicule et de la voie. Dans le chapitre 7, un absorbeur dynamique visant à réduire les vibrations de torsion d'un essieu de métro à échelle réduite a été construit au laboratoire. Son efficacité a été validée expérimentalement en reproduisant les conditions d'apparition des vibrations de torsion de l'essieu sur le banc d'essais du Laboratoire des Technologies Nouvelles de l'INRETS. La correspondance entre les prédictions d'usure à échelle réduite et à échelle réelle a été établie. Une demande de brevet a été déposée par le Laboratoire des Structures Actives pour ce système (N° 06120344.4). / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

e master's thesis clarifies the concept of trigeneration and the principle of absorbing cooling. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of this method of manufacture cool with compressor cooling. It presents an overview of the implementation of a developing cold absorption and performance. Acquainted with the types of absorption chillers of the two leading suppliers, their characteristics and existing applications of these refrigeration units in operation in the Czech Republic and abroad. It also assesses the possibility of using these units in conjunction with a cogeneration unit powered by internal combustion engine. It follows from the economic assessment of costs and income of the absorption chillers and compressor chillers and on concrete examples and an assessment of the effectiveness of the various options.