Fotometria integrada de 91 aglomerados globulares galáticos foi feita com os filtros B e V do sistema UBV e 41, 42, 45 e 48 do sistema DDO. Foi desenvolvido um método para determinação de E (B-V). / Integrated photometry of 91 galactic globular clusters was carried out with filters B and V the UBV system and 41, 42, 45 and 48 of the DDO System. A method to determine E(B-V) was developed.

Simulamos a evolução de uma estrela com acréscimo de massa aumentando a massa de seu envelope e transferindo-a posteriormente para o interior. O modelo inicial tinha 1 Mo e ao fim de 55 modelos foi atingido 1,2 M0 com uma razão de acréscimo constante de 10 -8 M0/ano. Esse é o acréscimo típico da estrela que recebe massa em um sistema binário próximo. São discutidas possíveis implicações de soluções múltiplas na evolução de estrelas com acréscimo de massa. O modelo ao qual foi acrescentada massa foi obtido simulando a evolução de uma estrela de 1 M0 a partir de um modelo homogêneo tendo sido feitos 255 modelos até a idade de 5,0 x 109 anos. Em ambos os casos foi usado um método implícito que resolve simultaneamente todas as equações de evolução estelar. O modelo homogêneo inicial foi calculado pelo método de Runge-Kutta com X = 0,73, z = 0,02, sem considerar o He³ e o C¹² em equilíbrio. / The evolution of a star with mass increase is simulated by increasing the mass of its envelope which is later transferred to its interior. The initial model has 1 M0 and after 55 models constructed with a constant accretion rate of 10-8 M0/year we obtained a star of 1.2 M0. This is a typical rate of increase for a star that receives mass in a close binary system. Possible implications of multiple solutions on the evolution of stars with mass increase are discussed. The model to which mass was added was obtained starting from an homogeneous star and making 214 models up to the age of 5 x 109 years. In both cases an implicit method was used which solves simultaneously all the equations of stellar evolution. The initial homogeneous model was calculated by Runge-Kutta's method with X= 0.73, z = 0.02, without considering He³ and C¹² in equilibrium.

In early 2000 the promotion of biofuels in Peru was set through the construction of discourses stressing their benefit to the country. Biofuels would not only respond to the increasing prices of fossill fuels in international markets, but it would also improve employment level by creating jobs in rural areas, contribute to change the energetic matrix and decrease carbon gases to slow down climatic changes. By 2006, several companies showed interest in producing ethanol from sugar cane in Piura, a semiarid area located in the northern coast of Peru. Investment included the acquisition of large extensions of land in addition to water rights adequate enough to irrigate large areas of monocrop production. From a political ecology framework, here I analyze how these companies discursively played with the ideas of water abundance and scarcity to secure their water rights to the detriment of peasant communities and smallholders who were traditional water rights holders. Finally, I argue that these discourses contributed to the production of a «waterscape» that not only reinforced water unsustainability but also social inequalities. / A principios del año 2000 los biocombustibles se promovieron en el Perú mediante discursos que subrayaban sus beneficios para el país. No solo responderían al incremento de los precios de los combustibles fósiles en los mercados internacionales sino también aumentarían el nivel de empleo al crear puestos de trabajo en zonas rurales, contribuirían a cambiar la matriz energética, así como reducirían los gases de carbono para desacelerar los cambios climáticos. Para el año 2006 varias empresas habían mostrado interés en producir etanol de la caña de azúcar en una zona semiárida de Piura. La inversión incluía la adquisición de grandes extensiones de terreno además de derechos de agua suficientes para irrigar extensas áreas de monocultivos. Desde el enfoque de la ecología política, en este artículo analizo cómo se usaron las ideas de abundancia y escasez de agua para construir discursos que aseguraran los derechos de agua de las empresas de biocombustibles en perjuicio de las comunidades campesinas y los pequeños productores, que eran los usuarios tradicionales del agua. Finalmente, argumento que estos discursos contribuyeron a la producción de un «paisaje hídrico» que no solo reforzó la insostenibilidad hídrica sino también las desigualdades sociales en esa cuenca.

Simulamos a evolução de uma estrela com acréscimo de massa aumentando a massa de seu envelope e transferindo-a posteriormente para o interior. O modelo inicial tinha 1 Mo e ao fim de 55 modelos foi atingido 1,2 M0 com uma razão de acréscimo constante de 10 -8 M0/ano. Esse é o acréscimo típico da estrela que recebe massa em um sistema binário próximo. São discutidas possíveis implicações de soluções múltiplas na evolução de estrelas com acréscimo de massa. O modelo ao qual foi acrescentada massa foi obtido simulando a evolução de uma estrela de 1 M0 a partir de um modelo homogêneo tendo sido feitos 255 modelos até a idade de 5,0 x 109 anos. Em ambos os casos foi usado um método implícito que resolve simultaneamente todas as equações de evolução estelar. O modelo homogêneo inicial foi calculado pelo método de Runge-Kutta com X = 0,73, z = 0,02, sem considerar o He³ e o C¹² em equilíbrio. / The evolution of a star with mass increase is simulated by increasing the mass of its envelope which is later transferred to its interior. The initial model has 1 M0 and after 55 models constructed with a constant accretion rate of 10-8 M0/year we obtained a star of 1.2 M0. This is a typical rate of increase for a star that receives mass in a close binary system. Possible implications of multiple solutions on the evolution of stars with mass increase are discussed. The model to which mass was added was obtained starting from an homogeneous star and making 214 models up to the age of 5 x 109 years. In both cases an implicit method was used which solves simultaneously all the equations of stellar evolution. The initial homogeneous model was calculated by Runge-Kutta's method with X= 0.73, z = 0.02, without considering He³ and C¹² in equilibrium.

The development of modern glacial climates occurred during the Eocene-Oligocene transition (34 to 35.5 Ma) when a decrease of atmospheric CO2 led to a global temperature fall. The ocean was deeply affected, both in the surface and the deep-sea, suffering a strong reorganization including currents and phytoplankton distribution. Spanning that time, 35 samples from the North Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site 612 have been analyzed by counting coccoliths abundance in different size groups (< 4 µm, 4 to 8 µm and > 8 µm) and silica fragments abundance. Absolute coccoliths abundance were estimated with two different methods, the “drop” technique and microbeads calibration. In addition, a fragmentation index was calculated to assess the preservational state of the samples. The results obtained fit in the global picture of a decrease in phytoplankton abundance across theEocene-Oligocene boundary, although coccolith and silica fragments abundances show slight different patterns. Absolute abundances estimates showed a large difference between the “drop” and the microbeads methods. The temperature at which samples are dried seems to affect microbeads distribution, leading to an underestimation at temperatures higher than 60º C. In future work the current dataset will be updated with additional calibration and replicate counts to confirm that the “drop” estimates are the more valid results. As the fragmentation index was fairly constant in all samples, no major differences in nannofossil preservation were inferred. Coccoliths abundance drops are thought to be triggered by global temperature fall, general decrease of atmospheric CO2, changes in oceanic circulation, pulses of nutrients or a combination of those. / Under tidsspannet som täcker övergången mellan eocen och oligocen, för ungefär 35.5 till 34 miljoner år sedan, genomgick jordens klimat en stor förändring. Under eocen hade vår planet ett varmare klimat och var i ett så kallat ”greenhouse state”. Mot slutet av denna period och i början av oligocen skiftade emellertid klimatet till en kallare regim, ett så kallat ”icehouse state”. Under detta tillstånd minskade andelen koldioxid i atmosfären vilket medförde att den globala temperaturen minskade. Vidare påverkades också havet och speciellt de fytoplankton som levde där, då de påverkas av temperatur och inflödet av näringsämnen. Fytoplankton står för en betydande del av jordens pågående fotosyntes samt är basen av den organiska matkedjan. Syftet med denna undersökning är att studera förekomsten av coccoliter, små kalcitplattor som produceras av en typ av nannoplankton som kallas coccolitoforider. Coccoliter från en djuphavskärna härstammande från norra Atlanten har därför samlats in och för-ändringen av mängden fytoplankton över nämnda tidsspann mätts. Vidare har också bitar av kisel från andra växtplankton räknats. Resultatet av denna studie var att båda grupperna var rikligare under den sista delen av eocen men mängden sjönk snabbt i början av oligocen. Det finns inte tillräckligt med information för att reda ut orsakerna av detta, men det är troligt att minskningen i temperatur och CO2-tillgängligheten för fotosyntesen är viktiga faktorer.