The present research was undertaken to examine the role of Electronic Communication Technology (ECT) in Adolescent Dating Violence and Abuse (ADVA) or what has been termed Technology-Assisted Adolescent Dating Violence and Abuse (TAADVA) and potential correlates using a quantitative research design. This is the first detailed study of TAADVA that has been conducted with British adolescents in the United Kingdom (UK). A new set of questions to explore TAADVA was developed and piloted with adolescents using a robust framework. Adolescents (n = 469; 52% (n = 245) female; 59% (n = 277) who had past year dating relationship experience) aged 12-18 years recruited from secondary schools, youth clubs and via snowballing methods, completed a battery of questionnaires regarding their personal experience of TAADVA, physical and controlling ADVA, friend experience of ADVA and TAADVA, attachment style, relationship experience, and relationship closeness. It was found that TAADVA was prevalent (73% for victimisation and 50% for instigation across 12 types of behaviour) and was experienced via a range of ECT methods, often encompassing multiple behaviours. Although there was some overlap between ADVA and TAADVA, TAADVA was more prevalent than ADVA. Additionally, it was found that ECT appears to create new victims and/or instigators of TAADVA only as around two-thirds of adolescents who experienced TAADVA did not also experience ADVA offline. Adolescents reported experiences of TAADVA (and ADVA) victimisation and instigation. Females however, reported more sexual TAADVA victimisation (i.e. sexting pressure) and victimisation-only experiences of sexual TAADVA than did males. Females involved in TAADVA and ADVA reported having more friends with dating violence experience (as either victims or instigators). In contrast, only males who reported ADVA involvement reported having more friends who instigated dating violence. Avoidant attachment independently predicted TAADVA involvement for males, and further analysis revealed that TAADVA involved males reported higher avoidant attachment to a mother and friend than those not involved in TAADVA. Females involved in TAADVA reported higher avoidant attachment to a mother and father and this was also the case for ADVA in terms of anxious attachment. Furthermore, avoidant attachment to mother mediated the relationship between friend historical dating violence (victimisation and instigation) and self-reported TAADVA for females. Moreover, paternal anxious attachment mediated the relationship between friend current dating violence instigation and self-reported ADVA for females. Implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations are made for future policy, practice and research.

Thesis (M.J.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-152). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 486-509).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Criminology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-305).

Este estudo busca aprofundar a análise dos mecanismos de proteção disponíveis no direito pátrio para a proteção dos interesses de acionistas não controladores e credores, inclusive aqueles titulares de debêntures, bônus de subscrição e partes beneficiárias, das sociedades envolvidas em uma operação de incorporação. Para tanto, são abordados os dispositivos legais, as interpretações jurisprudenciais e as posições doutrinárias no direito pátrio e no direito comparado. A primeira parte do trabalho apresenta o instituto da incorporação envolvendo sociedades anônimas e a sua importância no contexto econômico brasileiro. A segunda parte do trabalho expõe um panorama sobre os mecanismos utilizados para a proteção dos interesses dos acionistas não controladores, com relação a eventuais abusos por parte da administração ou da acionista controladora, nas operações de incorporação envolvendo sociedades anônimas. A terceira parte do trabalho aborda os mecanismos utilizados para a tutela dos credores nas operações de incorporação de sociedades anônimas, com relação aos arbítrios da administração e dos acionistas da companhia. / This paper aims to deepen the analysis of the mechanisms provided by Brazilian Law to protect non-controlling shareholders and creditors, including those who are holders of bonds, warrants and share certificates, of companies involved in a merger transaction. For this purpose, this work examines the legal provisions, case law understandings and doctrinal positions in Brazilian Law and Comparative Law. The first part of this paper presents the merger institute involving corporations and its importance in the current Brazilian economy. The second part of this paper provides an overview of the mechanisms used to protect the interests of non-controlling shareholders, with respect to possible abuses by the management or the controlling shareholder in mergers. The third part of this paper deals with the mechanisms used to protect creditors in the mergers of corporations against the whims of the companys management and shareholders.

O presente trabalho visa a estudar a regulamentação existente a respeito da relação de substituição de ações em operações de incorporação de sociedades e incorporação de ações. Para tanto, serão abordados os dispositivos legais, as posições doutrinárias e as interpretações da jurisprudência sobre o assunto no Brasil e em Direito Comparado. No primeiro capítulo, são estudados os institutos da incorporação e da incorporação de ações, analisando-se a natureza jurídica dessas operações e os procedimentos para realização de cada uma delas. No segundo capítulo, examina-se propriamente a relação de substituição de ações e sua natureza jurídica para, na sequência, analisarmos o arcabouço legal em que se insere a determinação da relação de troca de ações. Nesse contexto, são abordados os critérios, parâmetros e requisitos que norteiam a sua definição, bem como os mecanismos legais previstos pela legislação societária para compor os diferentes interesses envolvidos, notadamente aqueles dos acionistas minoritários e do controlador. O terceiro capítulo analisa algumas especificidades relativas às operações de incorporação que envolvem companhias abertas, operações de incorporação englobando sociedades sob controle comum, diferentes relações de substituição de ações entre ações de diferentes espécies e classes e, por fim, entre ações da mesma espécie e classe. Finalmente, a conclusão arremata as principais ideias discutidas ao longo deste trabalho. / This paper aims at analyzing the existing regulation regarding the share exchange ratio in mergers and merger of shares (incorporação de ações). For this purpose, this work will examine the legal provisions, the different doctrinal positions and case law understandings relating to this matter under Brazilian Law and Comparative Law. The first chapter of this paper presents the concepts of the merger and merger of shares and analyzes the nature of such transactions and the procedures necessary for their performance. The second chapter examines the share exchange ratio and its nature, followed by an analysis of the legal environment in which such share exchange ratio is determined. In this sense, this paper analyzes the criteria, parameters and requirements that drive the determination of the share exchange ratio, as well as the legal provisions established by Corporate Law to assure that all interests involved in such transactions are addressed, mainly those of minority shareholders as opposed to those of the controlling shareholders. The third chapter analyzes certain special situations concerning mergers and mergers of shares that involve publicly held corporations or corporations under common control. This chapter also analyzes special cases regarding the establishment of different share exchange ratios between different types and classes of shares and between shares of the same type and class. Finally, the conclusion of this work summarizes the main ideas discussed herein.

Este estudo busca aprofundar a análise dos mecanismos de proteção disponíveis no direito pátrio para a proteção dos interesses de acionistas não controladores e credores, inclusive aqueles titulares de debêntures, bônus de subscrição e partes beneficiárias, das sociedades envolvidas em uma operação de incorporação. Para tanto, são abordados os dispositivos legais, as interpretações jurisprudenciais e as posições doutrinárias no direito pátrio e no direito comparado. A primeira parte do trabalho apresenta o instituto da incorporação envolvendo sociedades anônimas e a sua importância no contexto econômico brasileiro. A segunda parte do trabalho expõe um panorama sobre os mecanismos utilizados para a proteção dos interesses dos acionistas não controladores, com relação a eventuais abusos por parte da administração ou da acionista controladora, nas operações de incorporação envolvendo sociedades anônimas. A terceira parte do trabalho aborda os mecanismos utilizados para a tutela dos credores nas operações de incorporação de sociedades anônimas, com relação aos arbítrios da administração e dos acionistas da companhia. / This paper aims to deepen the analysis of the mechanisms provided by Brazilian Law to protect non-controlling shareholders and creditors, including those who are holders of bonds, warrants and share certificates, of companies involved in a merger transaction. For this purpose, this work examines the legal provisions, case law understandings and doctrinal positions in Brazilian Law and Comparative Law. The first part of this paper presents the merger institute involving corporations and its importance in the current Brazilian economy. The second part of this paper provides an overview of the mechanisms used to protect the interests of non-controlling shareholders, with respect to possible abuses by the management or the controlling shareholder in mergers. The third part of this paper deals with the mechanisms used to protect creditors in the mergers of corporations against the whims of the companys management and shareholders.