Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2005. / Vita. Bibliography: 50-65.

Previous research has examined the effects of response card use at various grades levels including elementary, middle, high school, and community college. These studies provide convincing evidence that incorporating response cards into group instruction helps improve learning outcomes. However, the majority of these studies focused solely on learning outcomes, typically assessed through the administration of tests and/or quizzes. The present study examined the effects of response cards on learning, and expanded the research by assessing effects on disruptive student behavior and the quantity and quality of interactions between teachers and students. A second grade teacher and two students were exposed to response cards in an alternating treatments design. Results showed increased positive responding from both teachers and students during response card sessions. However, inappropriate student behavior and negative teacher comments also increased during response card classes. This study provides preliminary evidence that active responding strategies can increase the amount of positive interactions between teachers and students.

Abstract Guided notes and response cards have individually been found effective at increasing student performance and active participation, however, no known studies have compared the effects of response cards with the effects of guided notes to determine if one is more effective than the other at increasing student performance and on-task behavior. In order to evaluate the efficacy of these two teaching methods, two different teaching conditions were examined: guided notes and response cards for in-lecture review. An alternating treatments design was used to evaluate the effects of these two conditions on post-lecture quiz scores, competing academic behaviors and academic responding in two university level behavior analysis courses. The results of this research demonstrated that both guided notes and response cards were effective at maintaining high student academic performance. Guided notes appeared to be more effective at decreasing student's competing academic behaviors while response cards were more preferred by both students and teachers.

Web-based lessons teaching graph construction techniques (via the internet) were presented to 144 undergraduate and graduate college students. One group experienced program-controlled tutorials requiring them to construct answers in a defined sequence. A second group experienced identical lesson material in the form of typographically cued text presentations. The programmed instruction students performed significantly better than the cued-text group on an immediate computer-based posttest assessing comprehension of the graphing lesson material. The cued-text group performed better on an applied graphing assignment. The experiment did not account for individuals internet study habits or the metacognitive approaches to learning employed by the study participants.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-10T12:02:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio Wege Gonçalves.pdf: 1265552 bytes, checksum: ee0be60fbc93cd4b209affc9b2034d2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T12:02:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio Wege Gonçalves.pdf: 1265552 bytes, checksum: ee0be60fbc93cd4b209affc9b2034d2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-04 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In Behavior Analysis, it has been common to carry out literature reviews in order to analyse what the area has been researching and to inform eventual reorganizations of its development. The purpose of this study was to characterize, based on published studies, the production of international behavior-analytic works that have taught academic behavior to students enrolled in regular education, in a classroom setting or other school environments with at least five students. The search words behavior analysis, classroom and academic were used in PsycNET and Science Direct databases, and the studies that met the inclusion criteria of the present research’s objective were selected. Thirty-nine studies were selected, and the main results were a remarkable number of publications in the 1970s and a decline in the following decade onward; a predominance of studies published in the United States of America; a majority of publications in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis; and the small number of countries (four) in which the researches took place (United States of America, Canada, Australia and Argentina). The most common dependent variable measure was to do exercises/answer to problems; the most employed consequence was to score (give points); the most used procedure by behavioral change agents was positive reinforcement; the main behavior change agent was the teacher; the most used teaching program format was non-standardized; the most used standardized teaching program was the Personalized System of Instruction; most of the studies reported success following the adoption of the teaching programs and considered them to be superior to the programs with which they were compared to - pointing to the efficiency of behavior-analytic teaching programs used to teach academic behavior to regular students in classes of at least five students / Tem sido comum a realização de revisões de literatura na Análise do Comportamento, como forma de contribuir para a análise do que a área vem produzindo e para eventual reorganização de seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar, com base em publicações, a produção de trabalhos analítico-comportamentais internacionais que tenham ensinado comportamentos acadêmicos, a alunos do ensino regular, em setting de sala de aula ou outros ambientes escolares, com pelo menos cinco alunos. Foram utilizadas como palavras de busca: behavior analysis, classroom e academic, que foram inseridas nos bancos de dados da PsycNET e Science Direct, sendo selecionados os estudos que atendessem aos critérios de inclusão constantes do objetivo da presente pesquisa. Foram selecionados 39 estudos, e os principais resultados encontrados foram um marcante número de publicações na década de 1970 e um declínio a partir da década seguinte; a predominância de estudos publicados nos Estados Unidos da América; a soberania de publicações no Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis; e a ocorrência de publicações realizadas por instituições de apenas quatro países (Estados Unidos da América, Canadá, Austrália e Argentina). A variável dependente mais medida foi fazer exercícios/responder a problemas; a consequência mais aplicada foi pontuar (dar pontos); o procedimento mais utilizado pelos agentes de mudança comportamental foi o reforçamento positivo; o professor foi o principal agente de mudança comportamental utilizado; o formato de programa de ensino mais utilizado foi o não padronizado; o programa de ensino padronizado mais utilizado foi o Personalized System of Instruction; a maioria dos estudos obteve sucesso com a utilização dos programas de ensino adotados e os considerou superiores aos programas com os quais foram comparados – apontando a eficiência dos programas de ensino analítico-comportamentais utilizados para ensinar comportamentos acadêmicos a alunos do ensino regular, em turmas de pelo menos cinco alunos

Increased levels of obesity, particularly among American youth, have consistently been cause for concern over the last few decades. Additionally, the amount of time youth spend being active throughout the day has consistently decreased. Physical activity levels among school-aged children in America are effected by any number of reasons, but this study points to the possibility of time spent being physically active during the school day having the greatest effect on a student’s overall level of physical activity. Increased pressures from different entities on local schools to improve student performance on standardized test scores have contributed to a decline in students’ time spent being active during the school day. The inverse relationship that exists between levels of obesity and amount of time spent being active is a call to action and cause for more research in this area if a solution is to be reached with the obesity epidemic in America. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increased physical activity on the academic performance of elementary students in a rural, Central Kentucky community. Academic performance is an overarching term that encompasses academic achievement through standardized testing, academic behavior, and cognitive skills and abilities. Ninety students in 4th and 5th grade with an average age of 10 from one elementary school participated in the study. After obtaining parental consent and students’ verbal consent, students were divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Each intervention group received extra physical activity for three days a week for four weeks. Activity for students was measured with an EKHO MVPA accelerometer for the duration of each activity session during their respective intervention weeks. Standardized test scores were obtained through the school’s measure of academic progress (MAP) assessment. Student behavior was assessed through direct systematic observation and teacher-based questionnaires. Finally, the STROOP color word test was used to measure student’s cognitive processes and executive functioning skills. The results from the STROOP color word test provided evidence of a significant relationship between physical activity and cognitive skills (ttest1=2.63, p < .01, ttest2=7.14, p < .001). Additionally, the teacher-based questionnaire demonstrated a significantly positive relationship between physical activity and student behavior (t = -2.65, p < .01). Boys were significantly more active than girls (tfemale = -2.71, p < .01). There were also significant correlations between females and the teacher-based questionnaires, the white race and the STROOP color word test, and the white race and on-task behavior. No significant relationships were found between physical activity and overall academic performance or academic achievement.

xiii, 153 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The purpose of this study was to learn more about the transition experiences of one group of high school students ( N = 75) as they began attending one alternative pathway: an Early College High School program on a community college campus. A four-part conceptual framework of college readiness provided a structure from which to explore the experiences of students in the college environment. One of the four framework areas--academic behaviors (self-management)--was the focus of this study. Data were collected by means of a pre-post survey, student interviews, and staff interviews in order to understand better the college readiness perceptions of the students, principally as evidenced by changes in their academic self-management behaviors. The survey data were organized into pre-post group comparisons and were reported in terms of descriptive statistics. The data from semi-structured interviews with participants provided additional insight into changes in the academic and social behaviors of the students. Results indicate that students' academic behaviors changed during the first term of college. Over the eight survey domains measured, mean scores generally increased moderately between the pre and post surveys in several domains associated with academic behaviors, with two key domains--self-awareness and learning habits (i.e., learning strategies/study habits)--showing the most growth. Additionally, student interview comments demonstrated changes at the end of their first term of ECHS in their study habits and in their ownership of their school efforts. The overall changes in students' academic behaviors imply that they learned new skills as a result of participation in the ECHS program. / Committee in charge: David Conley, Chairperson, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Philip McCullum, Member, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Christopher Murray, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Jean Stockard, Outside Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt

本研究藉由整合相關之單一受試實驗研究結果來探討行為改變技術對學業行為影響之效果。研究中用來計算效應量的方法有兩種：未重疊資料百分率（Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data, PND）、超過基線中點資料百分率（Percentage of Data Points Exceeding the Median of Preceding Baseline Phase, PEM）。為了檢視超過基線中點資料百分率方法應用在單一受試實驗研究統合分析上之可行性，本研究以各原研究作者之判斷為效標，對超過基線中點資料百分率與未重疊資料百分率之效度進行比較。 一共有98篇單一受試實驗研究納入統合分析。實驗的介入處理共分成：1.電腦輔助教學、2.合作學習、3.精熟學習、4.增強、5.自我控制訓練、6.情境學習、7.社會學習、8.策略教學、9.其他。研究顯示各種介入處理對於受試的學習行為皆產生正向效果。此外，超過基線中點資料百分率方法亦獲得支持適用於單一受試實驗研究之量化統合分析。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of behavioral modification on academic behaviors by aggregating relevant conclusions of primary single-subject researches. Two approaches are used to generate estimations of effect sizes: the PND (Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data) approach, and the PEM (Percentage of Data Points Exceeding the Median of Preceding Baseline Phase). To test the applicability of the PEM approach, the validity of the PEM scores is compared with that of the PND scores by using the judgments of original authors as a validity criterion. A total of 98 studies are reviewed. Treatments include (a) computer assisted instruction; (b) cooperative learning; (c) mastery learning; (d) reinforcement; (e) self-control training; (f) situated learning; (g) social learning; (h) strategy instruction; and (i) others. Results indicate that all kinds of interventions produce positive effects on participants’ academic behaviors. In addition, the PEM approach is shown to be an appropriate method for a quantitative synthesis of single-subject researches.