This thesis deals with a design of speedometer for sportsmen, which is able to display current speed and to record a trip. The proposed parts are small enough. That's why sportsman won't be bothered much. The GPS is used for measurement of speed and to determine position. A strip, which consists of LED diodes, is used for speed displaying. The strip is situated in a sportsman's glasses. A trip is recorded to a MultiMediaCard. The FAT file system is used on the memory card.

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This study investigates if a smartphones orientation in the pocket affects the result of a decision tree model trained with data from personal falls, and also how a low-pass filter affects these results. A comparison is made between the results gathered from this study, compared to previous studies and products within the field. The data was gathered using a smartphone application and was later split up to get datasets for all the different orientations of the smartphone. Before training the models, the data was processed through a low pass filter. Results showed that low pass filtered signals generally performed better and that two of the trained models, could outscore at least one other algorithm cited in this thesis in at least one category. However, existing products on the market that were investigated do not disclose their statistics and a comparison to these products could not be made. The best two orientations for the phone to be placed in the pocket was when the face of the phone was pointing out from the leg, and top of the phone was pointing up and also when the face of the phone was pointing out from the leg, and the top of the phone was pointing down.

Dans ce manuscrit, nous rapportons les développements, théoriques et expérimentaux, en cours à TRT, visant la réalisation d'un accéléromètre à atomes froids. Cet interféromètre utilise un gaz ultra-froid non-dégénéré qui est piégé au voisinage d'une puce atomique pendant toute la séquence d’interrogation.Nous décrivons un protocole d'interrogation permettant de rendre le capteur sensible aux accélérations. Ce protocole est constitué d'une séquence de Ramsey avec une séparation spatiale des deux états de l'interféromètre. Le signal et le contraste de cet interféromètre sont modélisés et l'utilisation de raccourci à l'adiabaticité est considérée pour réaliser une séparation et une recombinaison rapide des deux états. Nous décrivons aussi une implémentation de cet interféromètre sur une puce atomique. Elle repose sur la création de deux potentiels habillés micro-onde, un pour chacun des deux états de l'interféromètre.Le dispositif de refroidissement des atomes, mis en place pendant cette thèse, est décrit. Des atomes de rubidium 87 sont refroidis jusqu'à la condensation de Bose-Einstein dans l'état $left|2,2right>$. Un protocole de type textit{stimulated Raman adiabatic passage} utilisant des champs micro-ondes, permet ensuite de transférer les atomes (condensés ou thermiques) vers l'état $left|2,1right>$. Cette source atomique a permis de réaliser des mesures du contraste des franges de Ramsey en fonction de la symétrie des potentiels piégeant les deux états de l'interféromètre. Le temps de décroissance du contraste mesuré permet de valider les développements théoriques sur le contraste de l'interféromètre. / In this manuscript we report the theoretical and experimental developments, in progress at TRT, aiming at the realisation of a cold atom accelerometer. This accelerometer uses an ultra-cold non-degenerated gas which is trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip during the whole interrogation sequence.We describe an interrogation protocol allowing the sensor to be sensitive to acceleration. This protocol uses a Ramsey sequence with a spatial separation of the two interferometer states. The signal and the contrast of this interferometer are derived and the use of shortcut to adiabadicity is considered to enable fast splitting and merging of the two states. We also describe a design of the accelerometer on an atom chip. This design use two dressed microwave potentials, one for each of the two interferometer states.We described the atom cooling experiment built during this thesis. Atoms of rubidium 87 have been cooled to Bose-Einstein condensation in state $left|2,2right>$. A stimulated Raman adiabatic passage protocol using microwave fields, allows to transfer an atomic cloud (condensed or thermal) to the state $left|2,1right>$. With this atomic source the contrast of the Ramsey fringes as a function of the symmetry between the interferometer traps have been measured. The measured contrast falling time is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction for the interferometer contrast.

Die zuverlässige Ortung von Fahrgästen und Fahrzeugen bildet die Grundlage für Anwendungen im Öffentlichen Personenverkehr (ÖPV) im Rahmen intelligenter Verkehrssysteme. Unter den gegebenen Systembedingungen stoßen funkbasierte Ortungssysteme auf Grund von Abschattungen oder Mehrwegeausbreitungen an ihre Grenzen. Zusätzliche Ortungsinformationen liefern Beschleunigungssensoren. Diese Arbeit entwirft Methoden zur Nutzung dieser Sensorinformationen zur Stützung von Navigationsfunktionen im ÖPV. Ein wesentlicher Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist der vertiefte Vergleich von theoretisch vorhandenen und praktisch messbaren Fahrzeugsignalen mit den durch die nutzende Person beeinflussten Signalen einer mobilen Sensorplattform (zum Beispiel Smartphone, entsprechend ausgestattetes Nutzermedium). Darauf aufbauend wird ein neues Verfahren zur Schätzung von Bewegungsmodus (d.h. Verkehrsmittelwahl) und -zustand (detaillierte Bewegungsform, z. B. Kurvenfahrt) entwickelt. Dazu wird ein geschichtetes Bewegungszustandsmodell entworfen, welches die verschiedenen in einer ÖPV-Umgebung zu betrachtenden Bewegungszustände und -modi definiert und miteinander verbindet. Dieses Modell ist Grundlage für den in der Arbeit entwickelten und genutzten Algorithmus zur Bewegungszustandserkennung. Anhand von Beispielmessungen von Fahrzeug- (Dresdner Messstraßenbahn, Bus der DVB AG) und Personenbewegungen wird dieses Vorgehen auf seine Anwendbarkeit hin untersucht. Die erstellten Klassifikatoren werden mit dem in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Ansatz wahrscheinlichkeitsbasierter Güteschranken bewertet. Als Teil der Laborumgebung der Professur „Informationstechnik für Verkehrssysteme“ an der TU Dresden zur originalgetreuen Wiederholung von verkehrstelematischen Messfahrten für Sensor- und Softwaretests wird die Reproduktion von Beschleunigungssignalen umgesetzt und diskutiert. Konkrete Beispiele zur Stützung von Navigationsfunktionen im ÖPV auf Basis von Beschleunigungssignalen werden ebenfalls dargestellt.

This paper reports the evaluation results of the mechanical structures of MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) sensor implemented in the integrated MEMS inertial sensor for a wide sensing range from below 0.1 G to 20 G (1 G = 9.8 m/s^2). To investigate the mechanical tolerance, a maximum target acceleration of 20G was applied to the sub-1G sensor which had the heaviest proof mass of all that sensors had. The structure stability of Ti/Au multi-layered structures was also examined by using Ti/Au micro cantilevers. The results showed that the stoppers effectively functioned to prevent the proof mass and the springs from self-destruction, and that the stability of Ti/Au structures increased with an increase in width. Those results suggest that the proposed stopper and spring structures could be promising to realize MEMS sensors.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the concurrent validity, intra-unit, and interunit reliability of the IMU Vmaxpro for measuring velocity for VBT purposes. Two protocols were constructed to cover velocities seen in the practical environment. Utilizing the 1080 Quantum the first protocol collected data without the use of subjects. For the second protocol, six well-trained men (age: 25.7 ± 4.2 years, standing height: 185.8 ± 10.6 cm, bodyweight: 87.3 ± 9.1 kg) performed loaded countermovement jumps. Two Vmaxpros and a 1080 Quantum simultaneously recorded repetitions for mean and peak velocity. Linear regression, RMSE, Bland-Altman, TE, and SDC were used to evaluate the concurrent validity, intra-unit, and inter-unit reliability. A strong relationship was found for MV and PV (R2 = 0.991– 0.997, RMSE = 0.044 – 0.05), p < 0.05) as well as a strong agreement on both protocols (bias: -0.039 – 0.072 on Protocol 1 and bias: 0.155 – - 0.005 on Protocol 2). The Vmaxpro showed strong reliability scores for within (MV: TE = 0.013 – 0.021; PV: TE = 0.017 – 0.023), and between sessions (MV: TE = 0.014 – 0.020; PV: TE = 0.019 – 0.027). Inter-unit reliability was acceptable to strong for both MV (TE = 0.012 – 0.034) and PV (TE = 0.021 – 0.057). The Vmaxpro can provide valid and reliable measurements for VBT purposes when using a single sensor. However, the inter-unit reliability showed a magnitude of variance which suggests practitioners not to use multiple devices interchangeably, and if so, it should be done with caution.

Classification of physical exercises is an important task in many applications, particularly within health services. Innowearable AB has developed a device called Inno-X that collects data using an accelerometer and sEMG sensors. To optimizeInno-X, a Machine Learning AI must be implemented for real-time exercise classification, balancing simplicity and flexibility for maximum market impact. This enhances efficiency and accuracy in analysis. This thesis investigates how raw data from Inno-X can be used to implement a pipeline and a machine-learning AI with the purpose of classifying physical exercises in real time. Starting from implementing a protocol for collecting data to a finished end-to-end pipeline and AI that can perform the classification, this thesis includes all the steps in between. Comparison of different machine learning algorithms and the execution of transitioning from a training environment to a real-time environment has led to the obtained result. The highest accuracy achieved in the training and real-time environment was 96.98% and 90.00%, respectively. This thesis concludes that the more complex machine-learning algorithms perform better in the training environment, and the less complex algorithms perform better in the real-time environment.

Recording of heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive and continuous measurement method that allows investigating the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its reaction to environmental influences. For a precise measurement of HRV data, a carefully chosen study design and environment is required to minimize secondary influences. One major influence to be avoided is movement. However, in the daily routine and for some scientific questions, movement can often not be avoided. If so, a manual or automated method to differentiate between artifacts caused by body movement and the actual psychophysiological effect is needed to ensure the data quality. In this approach, a chest-worn sensor was developed, that measures the heart rate using a single lead ECG and filters the measured change of the HRV caused by movement. Data from an integrated accelerometer is used to detect upper body movements that affect the resting heart rate. The movementcorresponding time stamps are then used to filter the Interbeat Intervals (IBI) accordingly. Functionality and effectiveness of the sensor system have been tested against state-of-the art sports- or clinical devices in varying scenarios. As our test series showed, motion filtering has a decisive effect when motion occurs, two-thirds of all cases showed a significant effect of motion filtering, with small to medium effect sizes for the parameters SD2, SD2/SD1, and SDNN. Thereby, automatic filtering of motion artifacts can help to significantly reduce the need for costly post-processing of distorted data sets. The results show a better data quality of HRV measurement, a method that is commonly used for the investigation of physiological processes in the field of chronic pain, psychology, psychiatry, or sports medicine.