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Esta tese tem como finalidade propor um método de coleta, tratamento e análise de dados de acidentes de trânsito para aplicação no Brasil. Este método tem como um de seus objetivos reconhecer os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência dos acidentes, visto que identificar as causas dos acidentes é fundamental na busca por soluções para o problema da acidentalidade. No Brasil as bases de dados de acidentes de trânsito são, em geral, estruturadas a partir dos registros policiais e carecem de informações adequadas para a análise da segurança viária. O método proposto neste trabalho permite registrar acidentes de modo a contemplar: as características do acidente, as circunstâncias do momento, a identificação e as características dos veículos e pessoas envolvidas. Além disso, o método permite relacionar essas informações com os fatores que contribuíram para a ocorrência dos acidentes. Nesse contexto, a criação de uma base de dados de acidentes e seus fatores contribuintes, vem suprir a carência de informações essenciais para o diagnóstico e encaminhamento de soluções adequadas para os problemas motivadores dos acidentes de trânsito. A proposta desta tese está baseada em uma abordagem que combina aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, alinhada às melhores práticas internacionais na área de segurança viária. Como resultado do desenvolvimento do método, foram elaborados instrumentos de coleta de dados contendo um formulário, um manual e procedimentos para a coleta de dados. Como resultado da aplicação prática desses instrumentos, foi criada a estrutura de uma base de dados que permitiu a definição do método proposto para a análise das causas de acidentes de trânsito. Como meio de validar o método proposto, foi realizado um estudo aplicado e são apresentadas as análises de dados dos acidentes de trânsito observados. / This thesis has the purpose of presenting a method for collecting and processing data on traffic accidents to be applied in Brazil. This method aims to acknowledge the contributor factors for the occurrence of accidents, since identifying the causes of accidents is crucial on the search for effective solutions for the road safety problem. Traffic accidents database in Brazil are generally structured based on police reports, therefore lacking adequate information for the analyses of road safety. The method proposes a registry of the accidents comprising accident characteristics, scene circumstances, vehicle as well as involved people identification and characteristics. Moreover, it allows relating that information with the accident contributory factors. In this scenery, the creation of an accident database and its contributory factors emerge to supply the lack of essential information for the diagnosis and adequate solution for traffic accidents. This thesis’ proposal has an approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative aspects, seeking to level up to the best international practice on the road safety area. As a result of the development of the method, data collection instruments were elaborated: a form, a manual, and procedures for data collection. Besides, as a result of the practical application of these instruments, a database - which allowed the definition of the method proposed for analysis of the causes of traffic accidents - was created. As a mean of validation of the method, an applied study and the data analysis of the observed traffic accidents are presented.

Road traffic accidents continue to be a public health problem and are a global issue due to the huge financial burden they place on families and society as a whole. Speed has been identified as a major contributor to the severity of traffic accidents and there is the need for better speed management if road traffic accidents are to be reduced. Over the years various measures have been implemented to manage vehicle speeds. The use of speed cameras and vehicle activated signs in recent times has contributed to the reduction of vehicle speeds to various extents. Speed cameras use punitive measures whereas vehicle activated signs do not so their use depends on various factors. Engineers, planners and decision makers responsible for determining the best place to mount a speed camera or vehicle activated sign along a road have based their decision on experience, site characteristics and available guidelines (Department for Transport, 2007; Department for Transport, 2006; Department for Transport, 2003). These decisions can be subjective and indications are that a more formal and directed approach aimed at bringing these available guidelines together in a model will be beneficial in making the right decision as to where to place a speed camera or vehicle activated sign is to be made. The use of optimisation techniques have been applied in other areas of research but this has been clearly absent in the Transport Safety sector. This research aims to contribute to speed reduction by developing a model to help decision makers determine the optimum location for a speed control device. In order to achieve this, the first study involved the development of an Empirical Bayes Negative Binomial regression accident prediction model to predict the number of fatal and serious accidents combined and the number of slight accidents. The accident prediction model that was used explored the effect of certain geometric and traffic characteristics on the effect of the severity of road traffic accident numbers on selected A-roads within the Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire regions of United Kingdom. On A-roads some model variables (n=10) were found to be statistically significant for slight accidents and (n=6) for fatal and serious accidents. The next study used the accident prediction model developed in two optimisation techniques to help predict the optimal location for speed cameras or vehicle activated signs. Pattern Search and Genetic Algorithms were the two main types of optimisation techniques utilised in this thesis. The results show that the two methods did produce similar results in some instances but different in others. Optimised results were compared to some existing sites with speed cameras some of the results obtained from the optimisation techniques used were within proximity of about 160m. A validation method was applied to the genetic algorithm and pattern search optimisation methods. The pattern search method was found to be more consistent than the genetic algorithm method. Genetic algorithm results produced slightly different results at validation in comparison with the initial results. T-test results show a significant difference in the function values for the validated genetic algorithm (M= 607649.34, SD= 1055520.75) and the validated pattern search function values (M= 2.06, SD= 1.17) under the condition t (79) = 5.15, p=0.000. There is a role that optimisation techniques can play in helping to determine the optimum location for a speed camera or vehicle activated sign based on a set of objectives and specified constraints. The research findings as a whole show that speed cameras and vehicle activated signs are an effective speed management tool. Their deployment however needs to be carefully considered by engineers, planners and decision makers so as to achieve the required level of effectiveness. The use of optimisation techniques which has been generally absent in the Transport Safety sector has been shown in this thesis to have the potential to contribute to improve speed management. There is however no doubt that this research will stimulate interest in this rather new but high potential area of Transport Safety.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_bl_dr_rcla.pdf: 1560877 bytes, checksum: 090a90de36d20d9e6a2b4fb1690f72aa (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A ocorrência de processos da geodinâmica interna e externa em áreas ocupadas pode provocar sérios acidentes geológicos que afetam diretamente o homem, inclusive com o registro de mortes e de grandes prejuízos econômicos. O processo de urbanização levou ao crescimento das cidades em muitas áreas impróprias à ocupação, aumentando as situações de perigo e de risco a desastres naturais. Em alguns municípios brasileiros foram elaborados Planos Municipais de Redução de Riscos (PMRR) que é apresentado na forma de um relatório, onde são delimitados os setores de risco. A partir da elaboração do PMRR, os gestores de riscos geológicos podem implantar as intervenções necessárias para que se possa diminuir ou eliminar o risco assim que possível. Para a implantação dessas intervenções, o especialista responsável pelo mapeamento sugere a priorização das áreas que serão contempladas com as obras de redução ou eliminação do risco. Vale ressaltar que, apesar do julgamento do especialista ser criterioso, a decisão quanto à priorização das alternativas de intervenção é subjetiva. Não há como eliminar essa subjetividade, mas o uso de técnicas de tomada de decisão possibilita avaliar se o raciocínio do especialista é coerente, ou seja, se seu julgamento é lógico quando avalia a importância relativa de cada condicionante utilizado para a priorização das intervenções. Uma das primeiras técnicas desenvolvidas para múltiplos critérios é a AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar se a utilização da AHP contribui para que os resultados da indicação das áreas prioritárias para implantação de intervenções podem ser considerados mais coerentes do que nas situações em que a priorização se dá sem... / Occurrence of geodynamic processes in the occupied areas can cause serious geological accident that affect humans, including the registration of deaths and enormous economic losses. The process of urbanization has led to the growth of cities in many areas unsuitable for occupancy, increasing the danger and risk to natural disasters. In some municipalities have been prepared Plano Municipais de Redução de Risco (PMRR) that appears in the form of a report, which are delimited sectors at risk. With the development of PMRR, risk managers can deploy necessary interventions that can reduce or eliminate the risk as soon as possible. For implementation of these interventions, the specialist responsible of mapping suggests the prioritization of areas to be covered with works by reducing or eliminating the risk. Despite the judgment of experts to be careful, the decision on the prioritization of alternative intervention is subjective. There is no way to eliminate this subjectivity, but the use of technical decisionmaking is important to evaluate whether the expert's reasoning is consistent, that is, if his judgment is logical when assessing the relative importance of each condition used for the prioritization of interventions. One of the first techniques developed for multiple criteria is the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Thus, the objective of this research was to determine whether the use of AHP contributes to the results of the indication of priority areas for implementation of interventions can be considered more consistent than in situations where the priority is given without the use of techniques for making decision. For this, it was selected some PMRR's made in Caraguatatuba Cubatão Itapecerica da Serra, Suzano and São Paulo, it was included geological risks associated with landslides and washouts of banks of streams... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 baldo_rcs_me_botfm.pdf: 1970103 bytes, checksum: f3033d2fb69deed3b32f3a2e06895320 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo diz respeito às identificações de acidentes de trabalhos atendidos pelo Serviço Integrado de Atendimento ao Trauma em Emergência de Londrina, PR. Seu objetivo geral foi descrever o perfil da população vítima desses acidentes de trabalho. Apoia-se em método quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas telefônicas às vítimas ou familiares identificadas via relatórios dos hospitais de atendimento das referidas vítimas. Os dados foram analisados com apoio do programa Epi-Info 3.3. Foram realizadas 1312 entrevistas, sendo encontrados 465 (35,4%) casos considerados como acidentes de trabalho. O perfil da vítima de acidente de trabalho (AT) identificado na população atendida pelo SIATE em Londrina foi: jovem, de sexo masculino, sendo 21,9% do sexo feminino; predominantemente inserido no mercado formal de trabalho como empregado, embora 17,6% estejam no mercado informal e 14,4% atuem como autônomos. Dos 300 trabalhadores inseridos no mercado formal, 38,3% referem emissão de CAT, o que sugere subnotificação em 61,7% do total de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos na população vinculada ao seguro de acidente do trabalho. Nenhum dos acidentes de trabalho identificados neste estudo foi notificado ao SUS, ou seja, em registro no SINAN ou SIM. A maioria dos AT ocorreu no espaço da rua, sendo cerca de 65% dos casos acidentes de trajeto. As motocicletas estavam envolvidas em 81,1% dos casos relacionados a acidentes no trânsito. A maior parte desse grupo de acidentes também foi relacionada ao trajeto, evidenciando o uso de motos como meio de transporte e não ferramenta de trabalho. Das seis vítimas fatais, quatro estavam relacionadas ao trânsito e duas relacionadas a agressões por arma de fogo. Esses achados indicam que, antes de ter resolvido o problema da prevenção dos acidentes ocorridos no interior dos locais de trabalho, os envolvidos com a... / This study concerns identification of work accidents attended by the Integrated Emergency Trauma Care Center at Londrina, PR, Brazil. Its general objective was to describe the population profile of victims of these work accidents by a quantitative method. The data were collected by telephone interviews of victims or family members identified by hospital reports on victim care. The data were analyzed with the software Epi-Info 3.3. A total of 1312 interviews were conducted, of which 465 (35.4%) were found to be work accidents. The work accident (WA) victim profile identified in the population attended to by SIATE in Londrina was: young, male, with 21.9% being female; predominantly employed on the formal market, although 17.6% work at informal jobs and 14.4% are self-employed. Only 38.3% of the 300 cases from the formal market presented information indicating accident report (CAT) release, suggesting 61.7% underreporting of total work accidents that actually occurred in the population linked to work accident insurance. None of the work accidents identified in this study was reported to SUS, in other words, registered with SINAN (Injury Reporting Information System) or SIM (Mortality Information System). The majority of WA occurred in street space and comprised about 65% of commuting accidents. Motorcyclists were involved in 81.1% of commuting accident cases. There were more motorcycle accidents involving people who used them to go or return from work (motorcycle commuters from various professions) than with personsusing the motorcycles as work tools (moto-taxi drivers, couriers, etc.). Of six fatalities, four were related to commuting and two to firearm attacks. These findings indicate that before the problem of preventing workplace accidents has been resolved, those involved with Workers Health must undertake a new challenge: opening a new front in the struggle to prevent work accid ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: Este estudo diz respeito às identificações de acidentes de trabalhos atendidos pelo Serviço Integrado de Atendimento ao Trauma em Emergência de Londrina, PR. Seu objetivo geral foi descrever o perfil da população vítima desses acidentes de trabalho. Apoia-se em método quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas telefônicas às vítimas ou familiares identificadas via relatórios dos hospitais de atendimento das referidas vítimas. Os dados foram analisados com apoio do programa Epi-Info 3.3. Foram realizadas 1312 entrevistas, sendo encontrados 465 (35,4%) casos considerados como acidentes de trabalho. O perfil da vítima de acidente de trabalho (AT) identificado na população atendida pelo SIATE em Londrina foi: jovem, de sexo masculino, sendo 21,9% do sexo feminino; predominantemente inserido no mercado formal de trabalho como empregado, embora 17,6% estejam no mercado informal e 14,4% atuem como autônomos. Dos 300 trabalhadores inseridos no mercado formal, 38,3% referem emissão de CAT, o que sugere subnotificação em 61,7% do total de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos na população vinculada ao seguro de acidente do trabalho. Nenhum dos acidentes de trabalho identificados neste estudo foi notificado ao SUS, ou seja, em registro no SINAN ou SIM. A maioria dos AT ocorreu no espaço da rua, sendo cerca de 65% dos casos acidentes de trajeto. As motocicletas estavam envolvidas em 81,1% dos casos relacionados a acidentes no trânsito. A maior parte desse grupo de acidentes também foi relacionada ao trajeto, evidenciando o uso de motos como meio de transporte e não ferramenta de trabalho. Das seis vítimas fatais, quatro estavam relacionadas ao trânsito e duas relacionadas a agressões por arma de fogo. Esses achados indicam que, antes de ter resolvido o problema da prevenção dos acidentes ocorridos no interior dos locais de trabalho, os envolvidos com a ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study concerns identification of work accidents attended by the Integrated Emergency Trauma Care Center at Londrina, PR, Brazil. Its general objective was to describe the population profile of victims of these work accidents by a quantitative method. The data were collected by telephone interviews of victims or family members identified by hospital reports on victim care. The data were analyzed with the software Epi-Info 3.3. A total of 1312 interviews were conducted, of which 465 (35.4%) were found to be work accidents. The work accident (WA) victim profile identified in the population attended to by SIATE in Londrina was: young, male, with 21.9% being female; predominantly employed on the formal market, although 17.6% work at informal jobs and 14.4% are self-employed. Only 38.3% of the 300 cases from the formal market presented information indicating accident report (CAT) release, suggesting 61.7% underreporting of total work accidents that actually occurred in the population linked to work accident insurance. None of the work accidents identified in this study was reported to SUS, in other words, registered with SINAN (Injury Reporting Information System) or SIM (Mortality Information System). The majority of WA occurred in street space and comprised about 65% of commuting accidents. Motorcyclists were involved in 81.1% of commuting accident cases. There were more motorcycle accidents involving people who used them to go or return from work (motorcycle commuters from various professions) than with personsusing the motorcycles as work tools (moto-taxi drivers, couriers, etc.). Of six fatalities, four were related to commuting and two to firearm attacks. These findings indicate that before the problem of preventing workplace accidents has been resolved, those involved with Workers Health must undertake a new challenge: opening a new front in the struggle to prevent work accid ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Ildeberto Muniz de Almeida / Coorientador: Elisabete de Fátima Polo de Almeida Nunes / Banca: Paulo Roberto Gutierrez / Banca: Carmen Maria Casquel Monti Juliani / Mestre

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology Occupational Health Nursing in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2015 / Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to explore the injury on duty prevention and management strategies that are currently used in different higher education settings. The study intended to shed light on specific areas of policy and practice discrepancies related to the disjuncture between employee interactions, regulated directives and organizational goals. Aims and objectives: One of the aims was to determine the types of work-related injuries that occur in HEI’s by verifying the injuries reported on Employers Reports of an Accident. A second aim was to examine strategies that have been put in place to prevent injuries in the workplace by reviewing policies and procedures related to injury prevention. The final aim was to examine systems in-place to manage occupational injuries by looking at staff health or employee wellness service flow charts or models used at the HEIs. Population and sample: Permanently employed personnel at two HEI’s in the Western Cape were participants in a multiple case study. The sample units consisted of health and safety representatives, human resources, maintenance personnel, estates and custodial, traffic services and departmental managers. Methodology: This study applied a mixed-method using a multiple case study design as an approach to the enquiry. Methods of data collection: Documents, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews were be used to obtain data to answer the research questions. Process of analysis: Qualitative and quantitative themes will be analysed in a matrix. The three data sources were triangulated to validate the findings. Benefits of the study: Injury prevention benefits the employer and employee in many ways, including increased employee performance leading to increased productivity as well as cost savings. Main findings: Injuries that were reported are mostly musculoskeletal injuries; however other types of injuries may not be reported due to under reporting of injuries being common in this setting. Health and safety training and knowledge sharing was not well supported and injury prevention strategies were not optimized. The application of health and safety policies and procedures were not adequately communicated, enforced or monitored. Staff health and employee wellness strategies operate independently and do not facilitate a coordinated response to manage occupational injuries in this setting. Lack of monitoring, organizational support, training and knowledge sharing and communication were the four main challenges to injury prevention management systems. Conclusions: The implementation of an effective injury prevention and management programme could benefit the organization and translate into increased operational value (organizational quality). Key words: Higher Education Institutions, Occupational Injury prevention, Management of occupational injury.

Esta tese tem como finalidade propor um método de coleta, tratamento e análise de dados de acidentes de trânsito para aplicação no Brasil. Este método tem como um de seus objetivos reconhecer os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência dos acidentes, visto que identificar as causas dos acidentes é fundamental na busca por soluções para o problema da acidentalidade. No Brasil as bases de dados de acidentes de trânsito são, em geral, estruturadas a partir dos registros policiais e carecem de informações adequadas para a análise da segurança viária. O método proposto neste trabalho permite registrar acidentes de modo a contemplar: as características do acidente, as circunstâncias do momento, a identificação e as características dos veículos e pessoas envolvidas. Além disso, o método permite relacionar essas informações com os fatores que contribuíram para a ocorrência dos acidentes. Nesse contexto, a criação de uma base de dados de acidentes e seus fatores contribuintes, vem suprir a carência de informações essenciais para o diagnóstico e encaminhamento de soluções adequadas para os problemas motivadores dos acidentes de trânsito. A proposta desta tese está baseada em uma abordagem que combina aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, alinhada às melhores práticas internacionais na área de segurança viária. Como resultado do desenvolvimento do método, foram elaborados instrumentos de coleta de dados contendo um formulário, um manual e procedimentos para a coleta de dados. Como resultado da aplicação prática desses instrumentos, foi criada a estrutura de uma base de dados que permitiu a definição do método proposto para a análise das causas de acidentes de trânsito. Como meio de validar o método proposto, foi realizado um estudo aplicado e são apresentadas as análises de dados dos acidentes de trânsito observados. / This thesis has the purpose of presenting a method for collecting and processing data on traffic accidents to be applied in Brazil. This method aims to acknowledge the contributor factors for the occurrence of accidents, since identifying the causes of accidents is crucial on the search for effective solutions for the road safety problem. Traffic accidents database in Brazil are generally structured based on police reports, therefore lacking adequate information for the analyses of road safety. The method proposes a registry of the accidents comprising accident characteristics, scene circumstances, vehicle as well as involved people identification and characteristics. Moreover, it allows relating that information with the accident contributory factors. In this scenery, the creation of an accident database and its contributory factors emerge to supply the lack of essential information for the diagnosis and adequate solution for traffic accidents. This thesis’ proposal has an approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative aspects, seeking to level up to the best international practice on the road safety area. As a result of the development of the method, data collection instruments were elaborated: a form, a manual, and procedures for data collection. Besides, as a result of the practical application of these instruments, a database - which allowed the definition of the method proposed for analysis of the causes of traffic accidents - was created. As a mean of validation of the method, an applied study and the data analysis of the observed traffic accidents are presented.