Background: Growth in international trade and capital flows has triggered a rising economic integration. Because of these developments there has been an international homogenising effect upon many customs, practices and institutions. In business life it led among other things to a desire to harmonise Accounting Standards among countries. Purpose: Our purpose is to answer the question: What is the international harmonisation process of Accounting Standards, what is its status quo and how important is the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) in it? Realisation: In order to fulfil this purpose, we have chosen a descriptive approach, which is based on secondary data from textbooks, articles and homepages. Result: The international harmonisation of Accounting Standards is a process, which brings international Accounting Standards into some sort of agreement, in order to achieve a common set of principles, according to which financial statements from different countries are prepared. With the support of the IASB of the European Union (EU), 7000 European companies have to use International Accounting Standards (IAS) beginning 2005. Furthermore, the long existing rejection of IAS of the U.S. seems to change. Co-ordination of agendas of both standard-setting boards (IASB and Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) have been announced. We conclude, that the IASB plays a major role in the field of international harmonisation. This could be explained with achievements of the IASB, as for example the International Organisation of Security Commissions (IOSCO) Endorsement, EU regulation or the recent agreement of FASB and IASB to co-ordinate their work.

<p>Background: Growth in international trade and capital flows has triggered a rising economic integration. Because of these developments there has been an international homogenising effect upon many customs, practices and institutions. In business life it led among other things to a desire to harmonise Accounting Standards among countries. </p><p>Purpose: Our purpose is to answer the question: What is the international harmonisation process of Accounting Standards, what is its status quo and how important is the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) in it? </p><p>Realisation: In order to fulfil this purpose, we have chosen a descriptive approach, which is based on secondary data from textbooks, articles and homepages. </p><p>Result: The international harmonisation of Accounting Standards is a process, which brings international Accounting Standards into some sort of agreement, in order to achieve a common set of principles, according to which financial statements from different countries are prepared. With the support of the IASB of the European Union (EU), 7000 European companies have to use International Accounting Standards (IAS) beginning 2005. Furthermore, the long existing rejection of IAS of the U.S. seems to change. Co-ordination of agendas of both standard-setting boards (IASB and Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) have been announced. We conclude, that the IASB plays a major role in the field of international harmonisation. This could be explained with achievements of the IASB, as for example the International Organisation of Security Commissions (IOSCO) Endorsement, EU regulation or the recent agreement of FASB and IASB to co-ordinate their work.</p>

Zugl.: Bochum, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

Tyrimo objektas – Tarptautiniai ir Verslo apskaitos standartai. Tyrimo tikslas – atlikti Tarptautinių ir Verslo apskaitos standartų nuostatų lyginamąją analizę bei nustatyti perėjimo prie Tarptautinių apskaitos standartų tikslingumą visoms Lietuvos verslo įmonėms. Uždaviniai: - išanalizuoti apskaitos harmonizavimo ir standartizavimo būtinumą ir reikšmę; - palyginti Tarptautinių apskaitos standartų ir Verslo apskaitos standartų nuostatas bei nustatyti skirtumus; - ištirti Tarptautinius apskaitos standartus ir Verslo apskaitos standartus taikančių įmonių apskaitos metodų pasirinkimus praktikoje; - išsiaiškinti Tarptautinių ir Verslo apskaitos standartų taikymo privalumus ir trūkumus bei nustatyti perėjimo prie Tarptautinių apskaitos standartų tikslingumą visoms Lietuvos verslo įmonėms. Tyrimo metodai: lyginamosios analizės bei sintezės, ekspertinis, palyginimo, grupavimo, anketinės apklausos, grafinio vaizdavimo metodai. Rezultatai: išstudijavus ekonominę literatūrą, mokslo darbus, publikacijas, LR Vyriausybės įstatymus, apskaitos standartų nuostatas, išsiaiškintos finansinės apskaitos harmonizavimo ir standartizavimo tendencijos, nustatyti skirtumai tarp Verslo apskaitos standartų ir Tarptautinių apskaitos standartų. Atlikus verslo apskaitos standartų ir tarptautinių apskaitos standartų taikymo Lietuvos įmonių apskaitoje empirinį tyrimą, išsiaiškinti standartų taikymo privalumai ir trūkumai, respondentų apskaitos metodų pasirinkimai, pateiktos išvados dėl TAS ir VAS taikymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the research – International and Business Accounting Standards. The aim of the research – to accomplish comparative analysis of International Accounting Standards and Business Accounting Standards and measure the influence of these standards application on the rates of Lithuanian enterprises’ financial accountability. The objectives of this research are: - to analyse the meaning and necessity of accountancy harmonization and standardization; - to compare the attitudes of International Accounting Standards and Business Accounting Standards and estimate the differences; - to explore company’s choices of Accountancy methods which practice International and National Accounting Standards; - to ascertain the merits and demerits of International Accounting Standards and Business Accounting Standards application and identify the expediency of passing to International Accounting Standards to all Lithuanian business enterprises. The research methodics incorporates such methods: comparable analysis and synthesis, experimental, assort able, interview and graphic methods. Results: made analysis of economical literature, studies, publications, laws of Lithuanian government, Accounting Standards, the tendencies of harmonization and standardization of accountancy were ascertain. Also the differences between International Accounting Standards and Business Accounting Standards were diagnosed. The empirical investigation of the application of International and Business... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas – tarptautiniai apskaitos standartai Darbo tikslas - išanalizavus tarptautinių apskaitos standartų būtinumą ir praktinę taikymo Lietuvos įmonėse patirtį, numatyti perėjimo prie tarptautinių apskaitos standartų taikymo etapus ir atskleisti standartų įtaką apskaitos politikos formavimui. Uždaviniai: • įvertinti Tarptautinių apskaitos standartų svarbą bei būtinumą; • sugrupuoti TAS pagal turinį ir nagrinėjamų klausimų esmę; • išnagrinėti tarptautinės ir nacionalinės apskaitos reglamentacijos ypatumus; • įvertinti tarptautinių apskaitos standartų taikymo praktiką Lietuvoje, bei nustatyti TAS taikymo privalumus ir trūkumus; • išskirti perėjimo prie TAS etapus; • išnagrinėti, perėjimo prie TAS įtaką įmonių apskaitos politikai formuoti. Tyrimo metodai. Sisteminė ir lyginamoji mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė, sintezė, loginė analizė, anketinė apklausa, apibendrinimas. Studijuojant mokslinę literatūrą apie tarptautinius apskaitos standartus įvertinta jų svarba ir būtinumas, apklausos metu nustatyti tarptautinių apskaitos standartų taikymo Lietuvos įmonėse privalumai ir trūkumai, išskirti perėjimo prie TAS etapai bei išanalizuota perėjimo prie TAS įtaka apskaitos politikai. / The object of research: International accounting standards. Research aim: After analyzing international accounting standards use necessity and practical experience in Lithuania foresee the stages of international accounting standards and reveal standards impact for the accounting policy formation. Objectives: • evaluate international accounting standards importance and necessity; • to group international accounting standards according the essence of considered questions; • explore international and national accounting regulation peculiarity; • evaluate international accounting standards practical uses in Lithuanian and identify their advantages and disadvantages; • exclude passing to IAS stages; • analyze the IAS passing impact for firm accounting policy. Research methods: Systematical and comparative scientific literatures analyze, synthesis, logical analyze, empirical investigation, conclusion. Studying scientific literature about international accounting standards I evaluated its importance and necessity, doing empirical investigation were identified international accounting standards advantages and disadvantages use in Lithuanian firms, were excluded passing to IAS stages and analyzed IAS impact for accounting policy.

Considerable energy and resources continue to be expended on accounting rule-making, particularly through standard setting. This has been the case both at the national and international (global) level for a long time. Despite this, there is continuing dissatisfaction with what has been achieved. Criticism continues to be expressed over the rule-makers, their processes of setting rules as well as the rules being produced. Based on a detailed longitudinal case study of one process of setting an international accounting standard this study suggests a comprehensive model for understanding the (international) accounting standard setting process. In addition to the previously emphasised role of politics, it also recognises the potential significance of learning and executive concerns, as well as significant interactions between these three sub-processes of accounting standard setting. In doing this the suggested model provides a framework for approaching concerns regarding the prospects of, and problems involved in, accounting standard setting as a means of achieving (more) standardised accounting practices. A significant part of this book provides a detailed account explaining why the IASC published a standard on income tax requiring the balance sheet liability method in 1996. This case is especially interesting, not only because income tax constitutes a considerable expense for most companies, but also because the revised standard implied a change in financial accounting practices in most countries. The appendix contains several numerical examples illustrating the difference between alternative methods of accounting for income tax / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2005

Zugl.: Augsburg, Universiẗat, Diss.

The purpose of this study was to determine the informational value of FASB Statement No. 33 current cost disclosures using the analytical technique of industry-wide decomposition analysis. The industry-wide decomposition model was used to measure the informational content of both the historical cost balance sheets (reported in the firm's annual reports) and the current cost balance sheets (prepared from the current cost disclosures) of firms in the Electric Services and Retailers industries. The two measures were then compared to determine the informational value of FASB Statement No. 33 current cost disclosures.

This study examines the impact of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 and No. 142 (hereafter SFAS 141, 142) on the characteristics of financial analysts' earnings forecasts after mergers. Specifically, I predict lower forecast errors for firms that experienced mergers after the enactment of SFAS 141, 142 than for firms that went through business combinations before those accounting changes. Study results present strong evidence that earnings forecast errors for companies involved in merging and acquisition activity decreased after the adoption of SFAS 141, 142. Test results also suggest that lower earnings forecast errors are attributable to factors specific to merging companies such as SFAS 141, 142 but not common to merging and non-merging companies. In addition, evidence implies that information in corporate annual reports of merging companies plays the critical role in this decrease of earnings forecast error. Summarily, I report that SFAS 141, 142 were effective in achieving greater transparency of financial reporting after mergers. In my complementary analysis, I also document the structure of corporate analysts' coverage in "leaders/followers" terms and conduct tests for differences in this structure: (1) across post-SFAS 141,142/pre-SFAS 141, 142 environments, and (2) between merging and non-merging firms. Although I do not identify any significant differences in coverage structure across environments, my findings suggest that lead analysts are not as accurate as followers when predicting earnings for firms actively involved in mergers. I also detect a significant interaction between the SFAS-environment code and leader/follower classification, which indicates greater improvement of lead analyst forecast accuracy in the post-SFAS 141, 142 environment relative to their followers. This interesting discovery demands future investigation and confirms the importance of financial reporting transparency for the accounting treatment of business combinations.

This study uses both basic and self-selection regression models to test three hypotheses about the effect of SFAS 87 disclosures on information asymmetry during 1985- 1987. Both types of models test the hypotheses after controlling for changes in the inventory holding and order processing costs of the spread, while the self-selection models also control for potential self-selection bias.