Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-10-08T17:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo versão final com esp ficha.pdf: 940772 bytes, checksum: acc3b27f26785364ede5697ed3e8642d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-10-19T20:08:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo versão final com esp ficha.pdf: 940772 bytes, checksum: acc3b27f26785364ede5697ed3e8642d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T20:08:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo versão final com esp ficha.pdf: 940772 bytes, checksum: acc3b27f26785364ede5697ed3e8642d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O quivi é um dos frutos mais importados no Brasil, devido à crescente demanda e baixa produção. Com a crescente demanda por frutos produzidos de forma ecologicamente corretos em consonância com os movimentos em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável e com o conhecimento e divulgação dos riscos que os agrotóxicos representam a saúde, são necessários estudos que agreguem novas tecnologias de produção para uma fruticultura mais sustentável. O quivizeiro surge como alternativa de diversificação de pequenas propriedades de agricultura familiarem sistemas de produção ecologicamente corretos, porém a cultura necessita de indutores de brotação em locais de inverno ameno, como é o caso da região sul do Rio grande do Sul. Objetivouse avaliar a eficiência de diferentes indutores de brotação em quivizeirona região Sul do RS, nos ciclos produtivos 2016-2017 e 2017-2018, em um pomar comercialno município de Pelotas-RS e em ambiente controlado localizado no prédio José Carlos Fachinello, na Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O artigo 1 intitulado “Compostos alternativos indutores de brotação em quivizeiro cultivar Bruno avaliado pelo método biológico de estaca de nó isolado”, analisa a eficiência de nove indutores de brotação em relação a testemunha, sob condições controladas de ambiente através do método biológico de teste de estaca de nó isolado. Verificou-se queos indutores alternativos, ocasionam efeitos positivos na brotação de quivizeiro ’Bruno’com número de horas de frio mínimas requeridas para a cultivar superar a dormência. A aplicação de extrato de alho 10% + óleo mineral 2%, extrato de alho 5% + óleo mineral 2%, extrato de alho 10% e óleo mineral 2%, ocasionaram efeitos positivos no tempo médio de brotação, taxa final de brotação, velocidade de brotação e porcentagem de gemas abertas nas estacas de quivizeiro cultivar Bruno. Concentrações próximas a 15% de extrato de alho em associação ao óleo mineral 2% causam fitotoxicidade as gemas de quivizeiro cultivar Bruno.O artigo 2 intitulado “Indutores alternativos na superação da dormência em quivizeiros cultivar Bruno no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul” teve a proposta de testar a eficiência de indutores de brotação nas condições ambientais de Pelotas. Constatou-se que o extrato de alho em concentrações de 5 a 10% em conjunto com óleo mineral 2% promove maior porcentagem de brotação, maior número de frutas por planta e maior produção por planta em quivizeiros da cultivar Bruno na região de Pelotas/RS.Concentrações próximas a 15% de extrato de alho associado ao óleo mineral 2% causam fitotoxicidade às gemas de quivizeiro cultivar Bruno. O presente estudo contribui para futuras pesquisas de adaptação de novas frutíferas em ambientes de inverno ameno. Além de fornecer informações relevantes para a introdução do quivizeiro em novas áreas de produção no Rio Grande do Sul. / Kiwi is one of the most imported fruits in Brazil, due to the growing demand and low production. With the growing demand for environmentally-produced fruits in harmony with the movements for sustainable development and with the knowledge and dissemination of the risks that health-related agrochemicals pose, studies are needed to aggregate new production technologies for a more sustainable fruit-growing. The kiwifruit appears as an alternative for diversification of small family farms in ecologically correct production systems, but the crop needs inducers of sprouting in mild winter sites, as is the case in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of different sprouting inducers in the southern region of RS, in the productive cycles 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Pelotas-RS and in a controlled environment located in the José Carlos Fachinello building, at the Federal University of Pelotas . Article 1 entitled "Alternative Sprouting Inducers in Kiwifruit cultivar Bruno evaluated by the isolated node isolated biological method", analyzes the efficiency of nine sprout inducers relative to the control under controlled conditions of environment through the biological test method of isolated knot pile. It was verified that the alternative inducers have positive effects on the budding of 'Bruno' kiwifruit with minimum number of cold hours required for the cultivar to overcome dormancy. The application of 10% garlic extract + mineral oil 2%, garlic extract 5% + mineral oil 2%, garlic extract 10% and mineral oil 2%, caused positive effects in the average time of sprouting, final sprouting rate, sprouting velocity and percentage of open buds in the cultivar Bruno kiwifruit. Concentrations close to 15% of garlic extract in association with mineral oil 2% cause phytotoxicity of the gemstones of kiwifruit cultivar Bruno. Article 2 entitled "Alternative inducers in overcoming dormancy in Kiwifruit cultivars Bruno in the South of Rio Grande do Sul" had the proposal to test the efficiency of sprout inductors in the Pelotas environmental conditions. It was verified that the extract of garlic in concentrations of 5 to 10% together with mineral oil 2% promotes a higher percentage of sprouting, higher number of fruits per plant and higher yield per plant in kiwifruit of the Bruno cultivar in the region of Pelotas/RS. Concentrations close to 15% of garlic extract associated with 2% mineral oil cause phytotoxicity to the kiwifruit buds cultivar Bruno. The present study contributes to future research on adaptation of new fruit in mild winter environments. In addition to providing information relevant to the introduction of kiwisier in new production areas in Rio Grande do Sul.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-06-15T14:10:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1557007 bytes, checksum: f8ffa76b20a7c89d07a35057f2df0ffb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T14:10:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1557007 bytes, checksum: f8ffa76b20a7c89d07a35057f2df0ffb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A murcha-de-ceratocystis causada por Ceratocystis fimbriata é a doença mais importante para a cultura do kiwi (Actinidia spp.) no Brasil. O emprego de material resistente é um eficiente método de controle desta doença. Entretanto, as três cultivares (Hayward, Elmwood e Monty) que foram avaliadas quanto à resistência à murcha-de-ceratocystis foram suscetíveis. Com isso, este trabalho objetivou determinar a estrutura genética, a história evolutiva e a variabilidade fisiológica do patógeno na cultura do kiwi, e ainda realizar uma triagem em cultivares e progênies de kiwi com o intuito de identificar materiais resistentes a serem utilizados como enxerto ou porta-enxerto. A população de isolados de C. fimbriata de kiwi apresentou níveis de diversidade gênica semelhantes a populações nativas e foi formada pela mistura de isolados de três distintas regiões, Sul do Brasil, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica. Os isolados de kiwi variaram amplamente em agressividade, sendo que os 14 isolados avaliados separaram em quatro grupos, com valores de intensidade da doença entre 10-95%. A intensidade de doença induzida em “Monty” causada pela mistura equitativa de inóculo dos cinco isolados mais agressivos não diferiu estatisticamente da intensidade da doença causada pelo isolado PG01, um dos isolados mais agressivos. Todas as oito cultivares avaliadas foram suscetíveis à murcha- de-ceratocystis. Dentre 618 plantas meio-irmãos de Bruno inoculadas, sete não apresentaram sintomas de murcha nem escurecimento dos tecidos internos do caule e foram classificadas como resistentes, constituindo potenciais porta-enxertos. / Ceratocystis wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata is the most important disease on kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) in Brazil. The use of resistant material is one of the most efficient method to control this disease. however, so far, all three kiwifruit cultivars (Hayward, Elmwood and Monty) evaluated for resistance to Ceratocystis wilt were susceptible. Therefore, the aim of this work was to access the genetic structure, the evolutionary history and the physiological variability of the pathogen on kiwifruit crop, as well as to perform a screening in kiwifruit cultivars and progenies in order to identify resistant materials to be used as graft or rootstocks. The population of C. fimbriata isolates of kiwifruit showed gene diversity similar to native populations and it was formed by the mixture of isolates from three regions, South of Brazil, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica. The kiwi isolates showed great variability in aggressiveness, and the 14 isolates evaluated separated into four groups, with values of disease intensity between 10-95%. The intensity of disease induced by the equitable mixture of inoculum prepared with the five most aggressive isolates did not differ statistically from the intensity of the disease caused by PG01 isolate, one of the most aggressive isolates. All eight cultivars evaluated were susceptible to Ceratocystis wilt. Among 618 Bruno half-sibling plants inoculated, seven had no symptoms of wilt or darkening of internal stem tissues and were classified as resistant, constituting potential rootstocks.

No description available.

Démarche d’ingénierie écologique en santé des plantes : gestion des couvre-sol des vergers pour lutter contre les bactérioses des arbres fruitiers provoquées par Pseudomonas syringaeIdentifier les réservoirs et sources d’inoculum des agents phytopathogènes est un enjeu majeur en pathologie végétale. Les systèmes agricoles pérennes, tels que les vergers, sont soumis aux attaques de nombreux ravageurs et agents microbiens pathogènes. P. syringae, agent phytopathogène responsable de l’émergence de maladies des arbres fruitiers, dont la récente épidémie du chancre bactérien du kiwi causée P. syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), représente un enjeu économique important au niveau mondial. En France, les moyens de lutte sont constitués de traitements cupriques et de gestes préventifs visant à réduire la propagation de la bactérie au sein et entre les vergers. Avec la prise de conscience de la nécessité de la conservation de l’environnement par les consommateurs et producteurs, les méthodes de cultures actuelles ont tendances à s’orienter vers celles de l’agroécologie et l’usage de l’ingénierie écologique au service de la santé des plantes. En verger, la gestion des communautés de plantes des couvre-sols donne de bons résultats dans la lutte conte certaines espèces de ravageurs, tels que les arthropodes herbivores, mais les effets sur les communautés de microorganismes pathogènes restent inexplorés. Les plantes couvre-sol et adventices des vergers hébergent d’abondantes communautés de P. syringae, cependant le rôle de ces couverts végétaux dans l’émergence des maladies des arbres fruitiers reste incompris. Par conséquent, les travaux de recherche presentés ici focalisent sur l’étude simultanée des communautés de P. syringae associées aux plantes couvre-sol et aux arbres fruitiers de trois vergers d’abricotiers et de quatre vergers de kiwis du département de la Drôme, sud-est de la France, choisis pour leur état sanitaire (sain, malade ou émergence de la maladie), ainsi que des pratiques de gestion du couvre-sol différentes (sol nu, enherbement des inter-rangs, enherbement des inter rangs et rangs des arbres). En l’absence d’outils permettant une identification rapide et une affiliation à l’un des 13 phylogroupes actuellement décris pour l’espèce P. syringae, l’étude du génome complet d’une cinquantaine de souches de P. syringae a permis la mise au point de marqueurs moléculaires capables d’identifier 9 des 13 phylogroupes. L’étude des communautés de P. syringae hébergées par les couvre-sols végétaux montre un effet de la composition des communautés des plantes couvre-sol sur l’abondance et la structure des communautés de P. syringae. La présence de Prunella vulgaris, une plante de la famille des Lamiaceae, est corrélée avec une diminution de l’abondance des P. syringae. La reproductibilité de ce résultat est actuellement en cours d’investigation dans une parcelle expérimentale. Cependant, les résultats préliminaires montrent une absence d’effet de P. vulgaris sur l’abondance de P. syringae. L’étude simultanée des communautés de P. syringae des couvre-sols végétaux et des arbres fruitiers montre que des échanges se font entre les deux compartiments en raison de la présence de souches génétiquement proches. Chez le kiwi, lorsque Psa est présent il coexiste toujours avec d’autres P. syringae, soulevant la question des interactions entre ces souches et leur rôle dans l’émergence de la maladie. Enfin, les résultats mettent en avant un potentiel antagonisme entre les phylogroupes 1 et 2. / Process of ecological engineering in plant health: study of the role of orchard ground cover plants in the emergence of fruit tree diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringaeIdentification of reservoirs and inoculum sources of plant pathogenic microorganisms is a major issue in plant pathology. Perennial agricultural systems, such as orchards, are exposed to many pests and pathogenic microorganisms. P. syringae, a phytopathogenic bacterium responsible for the emergence of diseases of fruit trees, including the recent outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused P. syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), represent an important economic issue worldwide. In France, means of control of bacterial canker consist of copper treatments and preventive measures in order to reduce the spread of bacteria within and between orchards. With the awareness for environmental conservation by consumers and producers, current cultivation methods tend to be progressively replaced by more agroecological ones and the use of ecological engineering to improve plant health. Ecological engineering of orchard ground cover plant communities provides good results for the control of orchard pests, such as herbivorous arthropods, but the effects on pathogenic microbial communities remains unexplored. The ground cover plants and orchard weeds host abundant P. syringae communities, however the role of ground covers in the emergence of fruit tree diseases remains ignored. Therefore, the research presented here is focused on the simultaneous study of P. syringae communities associated with ground covers and fruit trees from three apricot and four kiwifruit orchards of Drôme county, southeastern France, chosen for their health status (healthy, diseased, or disease emergence), as well as different ground cover management practices (bare soil, ground cover in inter-rows, ground cover in inter-rows and tree rows). In the absence of tools for rapid identification and affiliation to one of 13 currently described phylogroups for the P. syringae species, the screening of whole genomes of more than fifty P. syringae strains has allowed the development of specific molecular markers able to identify 9 of the 13 phylogroups. Results show that ground cover P. syringae community abundances and structures are correlated to plant community composition. The presence of Prunella vulgaris, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is correlated to a decrease in the P. syringae abundances. Reproducibility of this result is currently under investigation in an experimental field. However, preliminary results from the experimental field show that the presence of P. vulgaris in 1-year-old ground covers is not correlated to a decrease in P. syringae abundances. Simultaneous study of ground cover and fruit tree P. syringae communities highlight bacterial exchanges between these two compartments because of the presence of genetically correlated strains in both of them. When present, Psa coexist with other P. syringae, raising the question of the interaction between these strains and their role in the emergence of the disease. Finally, the results highlight a potential antagonism between phylogroups 1 and 2.

Aktinidijų uogų cheminės sudėties priklausomybė nuo meteorologinių sąlygų 2008-2009 m. tirta margalapės aktinidijos (Actinidia kolomikta) veislių ‘Laiba’, ‘Lankė’, ‘Landė’, ‘Paukstės Šakarva’, augančių Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto pomologiniame sode, uogų cheminė sudėtis. Standartiniais metodais uogose nustatyti sausųjų, tirpių sausųjų medžiagų, askorbo rūgšties, žalių pelenų, žalios ląstelienos, žalių baltymų ir aminorūgščių kiekiai, taip pat vidutinė uogos masė. Išanalizuota meteorologinių sąlygų įtaka aktinidijų uogų cheminei sudėčiai. Tyrimais nustatyta, didžiausia vienos uogos masė – 3,22 g – ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ aktinidijų. Mažiausios uogos buvo ‛Lankė’ aktinidijų - 2,09 g. Vidutinė vienos uogos masė – 2,64 g. Daugiausiai sausųjų medžiagų sukaupė ‛Laiba’ uogos – 21,08 %, mažiausiai - ‛Landė’ – 18,02 %. Tirpių sausųjų medžiagų daugiausiai sukaupė ‛Laiba’ – 12,72 %, mažiausiai - ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ – 10,83 %. Didžiausi askorbo rūgšties kiekiai aptinkami sunokusiose ‛Landė’- 5479,86 mg kg-1, mažiausi nesunokusiose ‘Lankė’ – 2698,25 mg kg-1. Daugiausiai žalių pelenų aktinidijų uogų sausojoje medžiagoje sukaupė ‛Laiba’ - vidutiniškai 6,20 %. / The investigation of Actinidia kolomikta cultivars ‘Laiba’, ‘Lanke’, ‘Lande’, ‘Paukstes Sakarva’, grown in Lithuanian University of Agriculture polomogycal garden, chemical composition of berries were caried out during the period of 2008 – 2009. The amount of dry agent, dry deliquescent agent, ascorbic acid, crude ash, crude fibre, crude protein, amino acids and the average berry weight were investigated by standart methods. During investigation there were analyzed the influence of meteorological conditions to A. kolomikta berries chemical composition. The investigation showed the highest weight of A. kolomikta ‘Paukstes Sakarva’breed fruits - 3,22 g. The smallest berries of A. kolomikta breed ‛Lankė’ - 2,09 g. The average weight of berry - 2,64 g. The biggest amounts of dry matters were established in fruits of ‘Laiba’ cultivar – 21,08 %, the smallest amount in fruits of ‘Lande’ cultivar – 18,02 %. The biggest amounts of dry deliquescent matters were established in fruits of ‘Laiba’ cultivar plants –12,72 %, the smallest amount in fruits of ‘Paukstes Sakarva’ cultivar plants – 10,83 %. The biggest amounts of ascorbic acid were determined in ripe fruits of cultivar ‛Lande’- 5479,86 mg kg-1, the lowest level of ascorbic acid were established in immature fruits of cultivar ‘Lanke’ – 2698,25 mg kg-1. Cultivar ‘Laiba’ accumulated the highest contents of crude ash in dry agent of berries (about 6,20 % on average).

Aktinidijos (Actinidia kolomikta Maxim.) ūgliai 2013 m. buvo paimti iš Aleksandro Stulginskio Universiteto Pomologiniame sode augančių motininių augalų. Tirtos trys veislės ‘Paukštės Šakarva’, ‘Lankė’ ir ‘Landė’. Siekiant nustatyti genetinius, fiziologinius ir fizinius veiksnius, darančius įtaką margalapės aktinidijos auginių rizogenezei, tirti trijų veislių žalieji auginiai, paimti iš ūglių lignifikacijos pradžioje. Nustatyta, kad ISR augimo reguliatorius didina įsišaknijusių auginių kiekį. IAR augimo reguliatoriaus poveikis žaliesiems auginiams labai panašus kaip ir ISR. Intensyviausiai šaknis regeneravo iš ūglio viršūnės paimti auginiai, kuriems būdingas mažiausias sumedėjimo lygis. Esminę įtaką margalapės aktinidijos žaliųjų auginių rizogenezei darė auginio ilgis. Įrodyta, kad egzistuoja minimalūs auginio, turinčio potencijų rizogenezei, parametrai. Didėjant auginio ilgiui rizogenezės dažnumas didėja. / Actinidia (Actinidia kolomikta Maxim.) shoots in 2013 was cuting Aleksandras Stulginskis University Pomology garden. Were tested three varieties ‘Paukštės Šakarva’, ‘Lankė’ ir ‘Landė’. In order to evaluate genetic, physiologic and physical factors influencing rhizogenesis of soft cuttings of actinidia, cuttings from three cultivars were taken at the beginning of lignification. It was estimated, that the IBA solution, compared with the control slightly increases the yield of cuttings with roots. IAA efficiency is not significantly different from the IBA. Cuttings with the lowest lignification level, wich were taken from terminal shoot part, regenerated roots more intensively. The length of cutting is crucial from the rhizogenesis of actinidia cuttings. Minimal cutting parameters for potential rhizogenesis are shown. Rate of rhizogenesis increase in longer cuttings.